S. Falahatkar; S.M. Hosseini; shamsollah Ayoubi; A. Salman Mahiny
Abstract
Land cover/use changes and soil and forest degradation influence on emission of greenhouse gases effectively and lead to global warming. This research was done with objective of investigation of relationships between soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and primary terrain attribute in two depths 0-20 ...
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Land cover/use changes and soil and forest degradation influence on emission of greenhouse gases effectively and lead to global warming. This research was done with objective of investigation of relationships between soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and primary terrain attribute in two depths 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm in Deylaman region, Giulan province. Stratified Random sampling method was used for determination of sampling plot location in uniform unit. A Walkely-Black method was used for content of soil organic carbon measurement. Finally, statistical and correlation analysis were used to understand the relationship between SOCD and primary terrain attributes. This research showed the primary terrain attributes had different roles on each land use/covers. Slope has significant impact on SOCD in forest land while has no significant role in cultivated land and rangeland. Aspect has not significant impact in different land covers/uses in 0-20 cm soil layer. Elevation has significant role on SOCD in cultivated land and rangeland while it has no significant impact in forest land. Exist of enough information about of impact of primary terrain attributes on increasing carbon sequestration process could be effective for land sustainable management in different land use especially in north of country.
Sh. Gholami; S.M. Hosseini; J. Mohammadi; A. Salman Mahiny
Abstract
Abstract
Soil invertebrate and their spatial pattern are affected strongly by environmental factors. Spatial variability of soil properties is one of the most important reasons of the macrofauna variability. This study was conducted to investigate the spatial variability of soil properties and soil ...
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Abstract
Soil invertebrate and their spatial pattern are affected strongly by environmental factors. Spatial variability of soil properties is one of the most important reasons of the macrofauna variability. This study was conducted to investigate the spatial variability of soil properties and soil macrofauna biomass in the riparian forest landscape of Karkhe River. Soil macro fauna were sampled using 200 sampling point along parallel transects (perpendicular to the river). The sampling procedure was hierarchically, maximum distance between samples was 0.5 km, but the samples were taken at shorter distance at different location of sampling. Soil macro fauna were extracted from 50 cm×50 cm×25 cm soil monolith by hand-sorting procedure. At each transect point, approximately 1m distance from the macro fauna sample location, three 50 cm×50 cm×25 cm samples were taken from 0-25 depth of soil. Soil macro fauna biomass, pH, EC and soil texture were measured. Then the spatial continuity, using geostatistics (variogram) were described. The maps obtained by block kriging. The variograms of variable revealed the presence of spatial autocorrelation. The range of influence was 1728 m for macro fauna biomass, 1800 m for pH, 1536 m for EC, 2964 for sand (%), 2100 for silt (%) and 3264 for clay (%).The kriging maps showed that the soil macro fauna biomass and soil properties have spatial variability. In this research, the spatial pattern of soil macro fauna biomass is similar with the spatial pattern of silt and soil pH, that was shown in correlation.
Keywords: Spatial pattern, Soil macrofauna biomass, Soil properties, Variogram, Block kriging
Sh. Gholami; S.M. Hosseini; J. Mohammadi; A.R. Salman Mahiny
Abstract
Abstract
Information about the spatial patterns of soil biodiversity is limited though required, e.g. for understanding effects of biodiversity on ecosystem processes. This study was conducted to determine whether soil macrofauna biodiversity parameters display spatial patterns in the riparian forest ...
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Abstract
Information about the spatial patterns of soil biodiversity is limited though required, e.g. for understanding effects of biodiversity on ecosystem processes. This study was conducted to determine whether soil macrofauna biodiversity parameters display spatial patterns in the riparian forest landscape of Karkhe. Soil macrofauna were sampled using 200 sampling point along parallel transects (perpendicular to the river). The sampling procedure was hierarchically, maximum distance between samples was 0.5 km, but the samples were taken at shorter distance at different location of sampling. Soil macrofauna were extracted from 50 cm×50 cm×25 cm soil monolith by hand-sorting procedure. Abundance (Number of animals), diversity (Shannon H’ index), richness (Menhinick index) and evenness (Sheldon index) were analyzed using geostatistics (variogram) in order to describe and quantify the spatial continuity. The variograms of indices were spherical and revealed the presence of spatial autocorrelation. The range of influence was 1724 m for abundance, 1326 m for diversity, 1825 m for richness and 1450 for evenness. The variograms featured high ratio of nugget variance to sill (abundance (52%), diversity (55%), richness (53%) and evenness (35%)). This showed that there was the small-scale variability and proportion of unexplained variance. The kriging maps showed that the soil macrofauna have spatial variability.
Key words: Spatial pattern, Soil macrofauna, Geostatistics, Variogram, Kriging