S.A. Haghayeghi; A. Alizadeh
Abstract
Permissible working hours of agricultural wells in the Neyshabour plain was determined equal 4120 hours by regional water authority of Khorasan-e-Razavi. This research was conducted to introduce method of working hours of agricultural wells in the Khorasan-e-Razavi province (case study of Neyshabour ...
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Permissible working hours of agricultural wells in the Neyshabour plain was determined equal 4120 hours by regional water authority of Khorasan-e-Razavi. This research was conducted to introduce method of working hours of agricultural wells in the Khorasan-e-Razavi province (case study of Neyshabour plain) and analyse effective parameters on working time of wells. For this purpose, the area of agronomy and horticulture crops was obtained for the years of 2001 to 2010. Water requirement of these crops was extracted from the water national document. Working hours of wells for every months would be calculated by deviding gross irrigation requirement to average hydromodul of three maximum months. The calculations to assess the effect of sowing pattern was done separately in two phases, for all crops pattern and for major crops pattern. In the thirth and forth phases, the effect of annual variation of water requirement and irrigation hydromodul were assessed on the working hours of Neyshabour plain wells. The results showed that instead of using all crops pattern, it is possible to use just major crops in calculating of working hours of wells. Annual variation of sowing pattern and water requirement in the Neyshabour plain have significant effect (95% confidence) on working hours of wells. By suppose the constant area under crops in the Neyshabour plain, adjust in calculating of working hours of wells was done using measured hydromodul in the region. In adjusted method, the annual working hours showed increase averagely 440 (11%) hours in compare to permissible working hours of Neyshabour plain (4120 hours). This variety in working hours of wells cause to be near to existence and realy conditions of the Neyshabour plain. In an agronomy year, it is possible to have an acceptable forcasting for working hours of regional wells by determining the sowing area of wheat and barley.
S.H. Sadrghaen; J. Baghani; S.A. Haghayeghi Moghaddam; M. Akbari
Abstract
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the best drip irrigation method for pepper cultivation with the objective of water saving and obtaining maximum yield. The study was done during two years. Experimental design was randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) in split plot with four replications. ...
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Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the best drip irrigation method for pepper cultivation with the objective of water saving and obtaining maximum yield. The study was done during two years. Experimental design was randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) in split plot with four replications. Three different drip irrigation methods; drip irrigation with in-line emitter tubes, drip irrigation (tape), and drip irrigation with porous pipes as main plot and three different amount of water (50, 75 & 100% water requirement) were as sub-plot. The result in the first year showed that the effect of irrigation levels on the characteristics of plant except yield was no significant (α < 0.01), but the effect of irrigation methods on water use efficiency was significant (α < 0.05) .In the second year the effect of irrigation levels and irrigation methods on yield was significant (α < 0.05), but the effects of combination irrigation levels and methods on yield was not significant. The result in two years showed that the pepper is a sensitive plant to water deficit. The drip irrigation (tape) and 100% water requirement treatment had the highest yield and water use efficiency. The result also showed that the porous pipes had no good efficiency. According to the results, the best option for pepper is drip irrigation (tape) with using 100% water requirement.
Keywords: Drip irrigation, Pepper, Porous pipes, Tape irrigation, Water use efficiency
H. Dehghan; A. Alizadeh; A.Gh Haghayeghi; H. Ansari
Abstract
Abstract
Using mathematical models for irrigation management have great impacts to increase irrigation efficiency and product amount, in fields. In this study, simulation results by SWAP model for moisture, compared with soil profiles moisture values, measured in the field. Moisture data, measured at ...
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Abstract
Using mathematical models for irrigation management have great impacts to increase irrigation efficiency and product amount, in fields. In this study, simulation results by SWAP model for moisture, compared with soil profiles moisture values, measured in the field. Moisture data, measured at three wheat farms in the Neyshabur plain, were used to predict moisture. Results show good agreement between simulated and measured moisture values. R2 coefficient values was 0.611 for Farob Roman farm, 0.648 for Haji Abad farm and 0.679 for Soleimani farm, respectively. Model absolute value was between 1.5 to 2.9 percent and root mean square error (RMSE) value was between 1.9 to 4 percent. According to these statistical indices, SWAP model has been able to simulate moisture, in soil profile in different depths and times, accurately. Therefore, SWAP can be used for irrigation management in Neyshabur plain, with relatively sufficient accuracy.
Keywords: Moisture simulation, Irrigation management, Soil hydraulic parameters, Neyshabur plain, SWAP
J. Tabatabaee Yazdi; A. Haghayeghi; M. Ghodsi; H. Afshar
Abstract
Abstract
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is one of the most effective water resources management techniques for confrontation with water shortage condition. RWH which is basically known as a traditional method, has been developed rapidly and being used widely in dryland countries throughout the world. RWH ...
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Abstract
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is one of the most effective water resources management techniques for confrontation with water shortage condition. RWH which is basically known as a traditional method, has been developed rapidly and being used widely in dryland countries throughout the world. RWH is defined as collecting and storing rainwater from nearby catchment and delivering it to planting area during critical stages of plant requirement. RWH can be divided into two main categories which is known as micro and macro catchment methods. Many factors such as rainfall amount and distribution, ground topography, soil type, economical and social aspects are important for selecting a specific RWH category. In the present paper, design and performance of a real size macro catchment RWH project located in a semi arid region (N-E of Iran), is described. The project is comprised from a 5000 m2 plastic covered catchment, 500 m3 ground reservoir and an experimental cultivation area located next to runoff catchment which is planted with dryland wheat. Planting area is consisted of 8 scaled plots with dimension of 6m by 85 m. Following a randomized completely blocks design, four plots were considered for supplementary irrigation and the rest four replications were accounted as control (without irrigation). In an effort to conserve more water, drip irrigation system was used with 4 lit/hr/m discharge capacity. The results of two years study indicated that, compared to the conventional dry land farming undertaken in the control plots, wheat grain yield was increased by 70% and 87% respectively. During the study period, 35% and 70% of wheat water requirement was supplied from RWH system during plant growth period respectively. The result showed that it would be possible to have productive wheat cultivation in the regions with 250 mm annual precipitation (in average), if one can employ an effective RWH system.
Keywords: Rainwater harvesting, Supplementary irrigation, Rainfed wheat, Mashhad region
H. Dehghan; A. Alizadeh; A.Gh. Haghayeghi
Abstract
Abstarct
Precise knowledge of all components of water balance is essential to optimize water use in irrigated agriculture. However, water balance components are difficult to measure in required time intervals because their measuring is time consuming and costly. Unsaturated zone simulator models are ...
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Abstarct
Precise knowledge of all components of water balance is essential to optimize water use in irrigated agriculture. However, water balance components are difficult to measure in required time intervals because their measuring is time consuming and costly. Unsaturated zone simulator models are useful tools for predicting the effects of agricultural management on crop water use and can be used to optimize agricultural practices such as agricultural water use. This research has been done on Wheat irrigated farms in Neyshabur plain, that is one of important plains in Khorasan Razavi province. SWAP Agro-hydrological model, was used for simulation of water balance components and crop growth in three wheat fields: Farob Roman, Hajiabad and Soleimani. Input data for model was a combination meteorological and field data. RETC software package was employed to evaluate and calibrate the soil hydraulic parameters, used. Simulation period was selected from October 2008 until early June 2009, in accordance with the wheat growing season. Sensitivity analysis to soil hydraulic parameters showed that the model is more sensitive to and coefficients. Also, acoording to presented statistical parameters, the results showed that SWAP is able to simulate water flow in soil, truly. Mean R2 coefficient value was 0.62, Mean Error was between -0.1 to -2.28 and Relative Error was fluctuated between -0.33 and -12.69. Therefore, calibrated SWAP model can be used as an instrumental tool for calculating all components of water balance in field scale, with time and cost saving.
Keywords: Soil hydraulic functions, SWAP model, Water balance components
S.H. Sadrghaen; Gh. Zarei; A. Haghayeghi Moghaddam
Abstract
Abstract
Water is one of the most essential parameters for crop production. There is a direct relation between crop yield and water use in plants. Agriculture in arid regions has special aspects. In these areas, agriculture is limited by water and irrigation. Therefore, agricultural practices are organized ...
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Abstract
Water is one of the most essential parameters for crop production. There is a direct relation between crop yield and water use in plants. Agriculture in arid regions has special aspects. In these areas, agriculture is limited by water and irrigation. Therefore, agricultural practices are organized for optimum water use and maximum yield per unit volume of water which is used. Sprinkler irrigation is one of the methods which has important role in suitable use of water and increasing water use efficiency (WUE). In this research, water use efficiency and yield (quantity and quality) of sugar beet in sprinkler and furrow irrigation was studied in Mashhad, Karaj and Esfahan. In the first year, experiments were done in three locations based on T student test without replications. In the second year, experiments were done in three replicates with randomized block arrangement in Mashhad and Karaj. Irrigation treatments were sprinkler, conventional and cut back furrow irrigation. Water requirement in sprinkler irrigation treatment was calculated based on Penman-Monteith method. Ordinary furrow irrigation treatment applied according farmers' conventional methods. Also, cut back irrigation treatment was applied based on reducing irrigation discharge to 0.6-0.7 after delivering of water to the end of furrows. Results showed that there were significant different in root yield, net and gross sugar yield, water use efficiency and sugar content between experimental regions. However, there was significant difference in root yield and water use efficiency between irrigation treatments. The sprinkler irrigation treatment produced the highest root yield (56.5 ton/ha). The cut back and conventional furrow irrigation treatments produced root yield of 48 and 43.6 ton/ha, respectively and were place in the same statistical level. Root and gross sugar water use efficiency in sprinkler irrigation treatment were 5.55 and 0.86 kg/mЗ, respectively. This treatment was better and has significance difference with two other irrigation treatments. Although, cut beck irrigation had better performance compared to conventional furrow irrigation but in overall, sprinkler irrigation treatment had better performance in used water, irrigation efficiency, root yield, sugar yield and WUE with respect to furrow irrigations. According to obtained results, it is recommended that in regions with limited water resources, sprinkler irrigation has been applied for increasing yield and WUE. However, in region with limitation in application of sprinkler irrigation methods (such as high speed winds, heavy soils, etc.), it is recommended that modified furrow irrigation method such as cut back method has been applied for increasing irrigation efficiency and WUE.
Keywords: Sprinkler irrigation, Furrow irrigation, Water productivity, Sugar beet
