M.M. Gharahdaghi; E. Maroufpoor; Kh. Babaei; F. Mansouri
Abstract
Successful pressurized irrigation system accomplishment in a region is related to factors such as climatic conditions, water quality, topography condition, soil specifications, production variety and socio-economic factors. In this study a procedure has been expanded and introduced to scoring the effective ...
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Successful pressurized irrigation system accomplishment in a region is related to factors such as climatic conditions, water quality, topography condition, soil specifications, production variety and socio-economic factors. In this study a procedure has been expanded and introduced to scoring the effective factors in order to selection of pressurized irrigation system. In this procedure the degree of effectiveness are scored in 7 degrees by integer numbers of (-3) to (+3) on different factors. For preventing the equal effects of factors with different degrees of importance a coefficient as a weight of each factor has been taken into account. This coefficient on the base of special condition is determined by analytical hierarchy process. By analytical hierarchy process in corporation with geographical information system (GIS), this weight has been multiplied by the data layers. Final scores are provided by algebraic summation of each factor scores for each region. Really this score is the potential of each pressurized irrigation system. In this research potentiality of pressurized irrigation systems for 12165 hectares of down-stream lands of under study dam of Babakhan localized in Bijar of Kurdistan province is accessed and results are shown as maps with scores of each region of plan area for each pressurized irrigation systems. The results of this research show that out of 12165 hectares downstream lands of Babakhan dam, 4598 hectares (37%) were recognized proper to sprinkler irrigation and all of the investigated lands were proper to trickle irrigation. Also out of proper area for sprinkler irrigation, the portable riser sprinkler irrigation system has taken higher score and wheel move irrigation system ranked as second.
Abstract
Assessing the level of reservoir’s Eutrophication has been regarded as one of the main issues in the water quality management by managers and policy makers. Estimating the eutrophication level is not possible by a determined method and complete certainty with respect to the high complexity of this ...
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Assessing the level of reservoir’s Eutrophication has been regarded as one of the main issues in the water quality management by managers and policy makers. Estimating the eutrophication level is not possible by a determined method and complete certainty with respect to the high complexity of this phenomenon. Fuzzy theory is an approach by which the lack of transparency and uncertainty can be determined between the levels of eutrophication. In this study, Entropy- based Fuzzy Eutrophication Index (EFEI) and Trophic State index (TSI) were used for the trophic level classification of the Ilam reservoir epilimnion and hypolimnion during a year. These indexes were weighted with two scenarios based on the chlorophyll a, total phosphorus and oxygen saturation parameters. In the first scenario, the relative weights of indexes were calculated by the combination of entropy- based fuzzy approach and analytical hierarchy process. In second scenario, equal weight was considered for all parameters. The results showed that based on both scenarios and in most months of the year the trophic level of the epilimnion was oligotrophic with suitable certainty and it was only mesotrophic in July and August. In the hypolimnion, the trophic level was similar to the epilimnion, but uncertainties have been increased.
