elham kalbali; Mahmood Sabouhi; mahmoud ahmadpour
Abstract
Introduction: In the present study, dealing with water deficit challenges for Gorgan River Basin has been considered. Golestan province's economy is dependent on agriculture but the occurrence of drought periods reduced the agricultural production and consequently the region's economy is in crisis. Therefore, ...
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Introduction: In the present study, dealing with water deficit challenges for Gorgan River Basin has been considered. Golestan province's economy is dependent on agriculture but the occurrence of drought periods reduced the agricultural production and consequently the region's economy is in crisis. Therefore, performing studies for programming and management of the water resources of the province and the water allocation in the margin of Voshmgir dam in Gorganrood basin has a great deal of importance. The issue of the allocation of water resources is proposed in order to maximize the expected profit of the water system. According to the regional water organization policy, one of the main goals of Voshmgir dam water management is the allocation of water between the competing consumers. If the amount of promised water is released in the future, the expected net profit of the system will be realized and if it is not released, the system will experience losses.
Materials and Methods: In this studyWater supply is considered stochasticand objective function of the model is to maximize the system (Agriculture, Aquaculture and Environment) profit and optimal allocation of water during the programming period using a two-stage stochastic model as follows:
Constraint of the available land:
Constraint of the available water in each of the main canals:
Constraint of the available water:
Constraint of the amount of inflow water
Reservoir capacity constraint
Constraint on the maximum and minimum water demand for environmental sector
Constraint on the maximum and minimum water demand for crops
Constraint on the maximum and minimum water demand for warm-water fish
Constraint on non-negativity of the decision variables in the model
Results and Discussion: The length of the right main canal of this network is about 17.76 km and the length of the left main canal is about 21.338 km. In this study, is considered for the right main canal and is considered for left main canal. Lands under irrigation network are considered in three regions. Right bank regions and sample farm are covered by the network in the right part of the network and the left bank regions are covered by the network on the left. Thus, there is one region in the left side of the network and there are two regions on the right. The major crops cultivated in the agricultural lands of the network include wheat, barley, canola, cotton, alfalfa, sunflower, rice, cotton-melon, and maize. Due to the random nature of the river flow to the dam, fixed and determined data cannot be used to calculate the volume of water entering the irrigation system, for this reason, using simulation techniques, we can predict the future behavior of the system for each reservoir. The results of the study showed that only agriculturalsector suffers from water deficit and target water demand of the other sectors is supplied and there is no deficit of water for these sectors and target water demand, lack of water and the final allocation of water in the agricultural sector are declined under different efficiencies of irrigation. If other sectors are remained unchanged and irrigation efficiency did not affect them, it is because irrigation efficiency has a direct impact on the water use in agriculture and decreases by increasing the efficiency of the allocated water to this sector and the amount of water stored in the reservoir for the coming year is added. By increasing the efficiency of irrigation which has a direct impact on water use in agriculture sector, the amount of water deficit reduced as a result of the increased system profit.
Conclusion: The results showed that there is no water deficit for aquaculture and environmental sectors in the scenarios of dry, wet and normal years and the target water demand of these sectors is supplied. However, the amount of water deficit in agricultural sector in dry year with the probability of 18% and under the efficiencies of 37, 45 and 51 percent would be 40.98, 23.67 and 14.07, respectively. With the increase in efficiency, water demand in agriculture, water deficit and ultimate allocation of water to this sector are decreased and system profit under different efficiencies is increased. Based on the obtained results, highlighting the irrigation efficiency and allocating the minimum water demand of the sectors is recommended.
N. Hasanalizadeh; A. Mosaedi; Abdolreza Zahiri; M. Babanezhad
Abstract
Characteristics of precipitation and the regionalization major role in the efficient use of water resources and soil and management of environmental hazards. Regionalization of rainfall can help to better use of water resources and to correct manage of environmental hazards. According to the analysis ...
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Characteristics of precipitation and the regionalization major role in the efficient use of water resources and soil and management of environmental hazards. Regionalization of rainfall can help to better use of water resources and to correct manage of environmental hazards. According to the analysis of climate phenomena such as precipitation, all data should be related to a homogeneous region, on the basis in this study, homogenous regions using data from long-term annual precipitation in Golestan province and the appropriate number of stations determined using the newer methods. Precipitation monthly data from 29 rain-gauge stations and evaporation poll in Golestan province from 1361 to 1391 were used to testing of homogeneity, the random and outlier data that 25 stations remained. Then using Wards hierarchicalclustering and with different variables was evaluated segmentation varies. Clustering in two clusters have higher average silhouette 0.48, accordingly, the province was divided into two regions. Homogeneity investigated by heterogeneity test for each region. according to investigations was performed by L- moments coefficient of skewness (τ_3^R) was smaller 0.23, The result Hosking and Wallis test was used to examine the homogeneity region. For this two region, the test statistic H11>, which is confirmed by the homogeneity of the two areas, Finally was divided into two regions. The high correlation coefficient between stations in each cluster and low correlation coefficient between two different cluster is another reason for separation of areas from each other.Characteristics of precipitation and the regionalization major role in the efficient use of water resources and soil and management of environmental hazards. Regionalization of rainfall can help to better use of water resources and to correct manage of environmental hazards. According to the analysis of climate phenomena such as precipitation, all data should be related to a homogeneous region, on the basis in this study, homogenous regions using data from long-term annual precipitation in Golestan province and the appropriate number of stations determined using the newer methods. Precipitation monthly data from 29 rain-gauge stations and evaporation poll in Golestan province from 1361 to 1391 were used to testing of homogeneity, the random and outlier data that 25 stations remained. Then using Wards hierarchicalclustering and with different variables was evaluated segmentation varies. Clustering in two clusters have higher average silhouette 0.48, accordingly, the province was divided into two regions. Homogeneity investigated by heterogeneity test for each region. according to investigations was performed by L- moments coefficient of skewness (τ_3^R) was smaller 0.23, The result Hosking and Wallis test was used to examine the homogeneity region. For this two region, the test statistic H11>, which is confirmed by the homogeneity of the two areas, Finally was divided into two regions. The high correlation coefficient between stations in each cluster and low correlation coefficient between two different cluster is another reason for separation of areas from each other.
H. Ghorbani; A. Roohani; N. Hafezi Moghaddas
Abstract
In this research, a learning vector quantization neural network (LVQ) model was developed to predict and classify the spatial distribution of cadmium in soil in Golestan province. The cadmium data were obtained from soils measuring total Cd contents in soil samples. Some statistical tests, such as means ...
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In this research, a learning vector quantization neural network (LVQ) model was developed to predict and classify the spatial distribution of cadmium in soil in Golestan province. The cadmium data were obtained from soils measuring total Cd contents in soil samples. Some statistical tests, such as means comparision, variance and statistical distribution were performed between the observed points samples data and the estimated cadmium values to evaluate the performance of the pattern recognition method. The Results showed that in training and test phase, there were no significant differences, with the confidence level of 95%, between the statsitcal parameters such as average, variance, statistical distribution and also coefficient of determination in the observed and the estimated cadmium concentrations. The results suggest that learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network can learn cadmium cocentration model precisely. In addition the results also indicated that trained LVQ neural network had a high capability in predicting cadmium concentrations for non-sampled points. The technique showed that the LVQNN could predict and map the spatial cadmium concentrations variability. Our results indicated that it is possible to discriminate different cadmium levels in soil, using LVQNN.
