@article { author = {Chamani, R. and Azari, M.}, title = {Land Use Restoration Impacts on Hydrological Behavior of Chehel Chay Watershed of Golestan Province}, journal = {Water and Soil}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {179-188}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2008-4757}, eissn = {2423-396X}, doi = {10.22067/jsw.2021.15022.0}, abstract = {Introduction: Over the past decades, millions of hectares of high-quality lands have been converted to other uses and low-yielding agriculture, which have had some unpleasant consequences for watershed hydrology. Analysis of hydrological responses of different basins to land use change has shown that correct land use balances the hydrological status of the basin, so that land use and the type and density of vegetation play an effective role in permeability and runoff reduction by changing humidity, soil organic materials and soil structure. Dimensions of hydrological effects of land capability in Chehel chay watershed in Golestan province, which is affected by land use change and deforestation, are more important. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate different scenarios of land use change and its effect on the hydrological status of the basin. Materials and Methods: The J2000 hydrology model was used to simulate the hydrology of the basin. To better investigate the spatial and temporal variations of the hydrological parameters of the study area, it is divided into 2013 hydrological response units. After calibrating the J2000 hydrological model, the model was fed by rainfall data (1992-2014) and land use potential. Results and Discussion: To evaluate the performance of the model, the dataset obtained in the time period of 2002-2014 was used for selection simulation and the first nine-years was considered as the calibration period and the remaining was considered as the validation period. The R2 of 0.67 and 0.55, and NAS coefficients of 0.83 and 0.76 were found in the calibration and validation periods, respectively. According to the ranking of Moriasi et al., the model efficiency is "good" and can be used in the present study. Several studies with similar observational data have reported similar results. The results showed that in summer and in May and June, the emptiest space in LPS soil pores is 3.07 and 3.21%, respectively. Increasing the consumption of MPS soil pores has also increased, and from 0.5 to 1.69% of the empty pores in the average soil pores has increased in these months. Therefore, increasing water storage in LPS pores in the months of May to June, surface runoff (RD1) decreased within the range of 6.28-26.38%, and the range of subsurface runoff (RD2) reduction was 4.41-8.41%. The amount of water percolation into groundwater aquifers was positive, and the highest infiltration into groundwater ranged from 0.83 to 1.72% for fast section groundwater (RG1), and from 0.48 to 0.52% for groundwater. Large pores do not hold much water, and water is transferred vertically to medium pores under gravity. When medium pores are saturated with water, water does not penetrate into these pores and remains in large pores and moves horizontally, increasing the subsurface flow. The results indicate that deforestation in order to expand agricultural lands and inappropriate use of the lands are the most important problems. Moreover,  population growth has exacerbated the condition, necessitating proper land use management and planning. The scholars have also stated that proper land use has important effects on the water balance of watersheds. Conclusion: In this study, the hydrological effects of land uses on the hydrological situation in Chehel chay watershed have been evaluated by simulations of the hydrological model. Our results reveal that the unplanned land use changes, land clearing, and expansion of agricultural lands have intensified the hydrological situation of the basin. The peak discharge of surface and subsurface runoff in hydrological response units decreased and the rate of water infiltration into soil and groundwater increased. Reduction of surface and subsurface runoff has also decreased the discharge in the basin outlet.}, keywords = {Chehelchai watershed,Land Capability,Golestan,Hydrological model J2000,hydrology}, title_fa = {اثرات اصلاح کاربری اراضی بر رفتار هیدرولوژیکی حوزه آبخیز چهل‌چای استان گلستان}, abstract_fa = {رشد سریع جمعیت و نیازهای فزاینده بشر به منابع مختلف سبب استفاده بیش از حد از اراضی، تغییر کاربری­ها و تبدیل آن‌ها به اراضی کم بازده، باعث تغییر در وضعیت هیدرولوژی حوضه­های آبخیز شده است. در دهه­های اخیر استفاده از اراضی بر حسب قابلیت یکی از ره‌یافت­های مناسب جهت تعدیل و بهبود عملکرد هیدرولوژیکی آبخیزها شناخته شده است اما اثرات هیدرلوژیکی این تغییرات در حوضه­های مختلف با تنوع کاربری و شرایط هنوز به درستی شناخته نشده است. از این رو این پژوهش به دنبال بررسی اثر اصلاح کاربری اراضی بر وضعیت هیدرولوژی حوضه آبخیز چهل­چای در استان گلستان می­باشد. به ‌این منظور از مدل هیدرولوژی J2000 برای شبیه­سازی هیدرولوژی حوضه استفاده شد. در این راستا مدل با استفاده از داده های هیدرومتری ایستگاه خروجی حوضه برای دوره 2002 تا 2014 واسنجی و اعتبار سنجی شد. در مرحله بعد با داده­های اقلیمی دوره زمانی 2014-1992 اثر اصلاح کاربری حوضه در اجزاء هیدرولوژی حوضه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد استفاده از اراضی متناسب با قابلیتشان باعث کاهش رواناب سطحی به میزان 99/12٪، رواناب زیر سطحی به میزان 25/5٪ و افزایش 75/1 درصدی نفوذ آب در خاک گردیده است. با کاهش رواناب سطحی و افزایش آب­های زیرزمینی، میزان تخلیه حوضه در خروجی 22/4٪ کاهش یافته است.}, keywords_fa = {حوضه آبخیز چهل‌چای,قابلیت اراضی,گلستان,مدل هیدرولوژیکی J2000,هیدرولوژی}, url = {https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_39595.html}, eprint = {https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_39595_d668cef82ad30e8071ebd264df237562.pdf} }