@article { author = {Naseri, R. and Mirzeai, A. and Abbasi, A.}, title = {Root System of Different Barley Cultivars Influenced by Applications of Different Fertilizer Sources under Dryland Farming}, journal = {Water and Soil}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {267-284}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2008-4757}, eissn = {2423-396X}, doi = {10.22067/jsw.2021.15046.0}, abstract = {Introduction: Biofertilizers play a crucial role in soil fertility by dissolving stabilized phosphates and producing the nutrients needed for plant growth in the soil. One of the most important soil microorganisms is mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi, with their extensive hyphae network and increasing the level and speed of root uptake, increases the plant efficiency in nutrients, especially inactive elements such as phosphorus, and improves plant growth. Mycorrhiza fungi increase nutrient uptake of plants due to stimulation of root formation and subsequent increase in root level through the production of auxin and gibberellin hormones. By extending the root system, mycorrhizal fungi increase the total absorption surface of inoculated plants and thus improves crop plant access to water absorption. Considering the important and critical role of roots in crops, having sufficient information and understanding the morphological characteristics of the root system is important. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the role of the root system in the presence of mycorrhizal fungi in new barley cultivars in the Ilam region in rainfed conditions. Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi on the root system of barley cultivars in rainfed conditions, a factorial field experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the farm station of Sarablah Agricultural Research Center during 2019-2020 cropping season. Experimental treatments were including barley cultivars (Mahali, Mahour, Khorram, and Fardan) and fertilizer sources treatment including control (without fertilizer), 50% P fertilizer, mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, and Rhizophagus irregularis), mycorrhizal fungi+50% P chemical fertilizer and 100% P chemical fertilizer. Root-related characteristics were measured inside the field at the pollination stage using a metal cylinder with dimensions of 30 cm in length and 2 cm in width, which had been pre-designed by hand. To measure grain yield after removing the marginal effects (50 cm from the beginning and end) were recorded for each plot. Statistical analysis of the data of this research project was done by SAS software, means were compared by Duncan’s multiple range test method, and graphs were prepared by Excel software Results and Discussion: This study showed that the interaction between cultivar× fertilizer sources was significant on the characteristics of rainfed barley roots. So that the maximum root length (76.6%), root volume (75.7%), root area (73.3%), root length density (76.8%), root tissue density (89.9%), root-specific mass (65.7%), and root surface area density (70.6%) was obtained from Fardan cultivar×mycorrhizal fungi+50% P chemical fertilizer compared to control treatment (without fertilizer source). It seems that the presence of mycorrhizal fungi has caused changes in root morphology so that the spread of mycorrhizal mycelium related to the internal tissues of the root has increased root length. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of mycorrhizal fungi increased root system and root morphological changes in new barley cultivars. What is clear and has been mentioned in the reports of other researchers is that the mycorrhizal fungi can gain maximum use of moisture and nutrient uptake by creating a strong rooting system in the host plant from the rhizosphere. Recent research has shown that Fardan cultivar in the presence of mycorrhiza fungi had maximum root length, root volume, root area, root length density, root tissue density, and finally, root surface area density, and when no fertilizer source was used, a large reduction in the rooting system was observed in all cultivars. Therefore, among the cultivars used, Fardan cultivar with co-consumption of mycorrhizal fungi and 50% of P fertilizer can cause the development of root system and ultimately increase grain yield in the region under dryland conditions.}, keywords = {Root diameter,Root length density,Root specific mass,Root surface area density,Root tissue density}, title_fa = {بررسی سیستم ریشه‌ای ارقام مختلف جو زراعی تحت کاربرد منابع کودی در شرایط دیم}, abstract_fa = {کودهای زیستی بدلیل محلول نمودن فسفات­های تثبیت شده و در اختیار گذاشتن عناصرغذایی جهت رشد گیاه در خاک، نقش مهمی در حاصلخیزی خاک دارند، قارچ میکوریزا از جمله مهمترین ریزسازواره­های مفید خاکزی بشمار می­آید، به همین منظور جهت ارزیابی و نقش تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا روی سیستم ریشه ارقام جو دیم، آزمایشی مزرعه­ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی سرابله واقع در شهرستان چرداول در سال زراعی 99-1398 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل عامل ارقام جو (محلی، ماهور، خرم و فردان) و تیمار منابع کودی شامل شاهد (عدم مصرف هیچ منبع کودی)،50 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفر، قارچ میکوریزا (Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum and Rhizophagus irregularis)، مصرف توآم قارچ میکوریزا و50 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفر  و مصرف 100 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفر قابل توصیه بودند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که برهمکنش رقم و منابع کودی بر خصوصیات ریشه­ای جو دیم معنی­دار بود، به طوری­که بیشترین طول ریشه (افزایش 6/76 درصدی)، حجم ریشه (افزایش 7/75 درصدی)، سطح ریشه (افزایش 3/73 درصدی)، تراکم طول ریشه (افزایش 8/76 درصدی)، تراکم بافت ریشه (افزایش 9/89 درصدی)، حجم مخصوص ریشه (افزایش 7/65 درصدی) و چگالی سطح ریشه (افزایش 6/70 درصدی) در رقم فردان با مصرف توآم قارچ میکوریزا و50 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفر نسبت به شاهد (عدم مصرف هیچ منبع کودی) بدست آمد. بنابراین در بین ارقام مورد استفاده رقم فردان با مصرف توآم قارچ میکوریزا و 50 درصد کود شیمیایی فسفر می­تواند موجب توسعه سیستم ریشه­ای و در نهایت سبب افزایش عملکرد دانه تحت شرایط دیم گردد.}, keywords_fa = {تراکم بافت ریشه,تراکم طول ریشه,چگالی سطح ریشه,حجم مخصوص ریشه,قطر ریشه}, url = {https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_39787.html}, eprint = {https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_39787_5d6f42e14bcb173c217f6aeb3a21bef8.pdf} }