ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis and Development in Method of Permissible Working Hours of Agricultural Wells in the Khorasan-e-Razavi Province- Case study: Neyshabour Plain
Permissible working hours of agricultural wells in the Neyshabour plain was determined equal 4120 hours by regional water authority of Khorasan-e-Razavi. This research was conducted to introduce method of working hours of agricultural wells in the Khorasan-e-Razavi province (case study of Neyshabour plain) and analyse effective parameters on working time of wells. For this purpose, the area of agronomy and horticulture crops was obtained for the years of 2001 to 2010. Water requirement of these crops was extracted from the water national document. Working hours of wells for every months would be calculated by deviding gross irrigation requirement to average hydromodul of three maximum months. The calculations to assess the effect of sowing pattern was done separately in two phases, for all crops pattern and for major crops pattern. In the thirth and forth phases, the effect of annual variation of water requirement and irrigation hydromodul were assessed on the working hours of Neyshabour plain wells. The results showed that instead of using all crops pattern, it is possible to use just major crops in calculating of working hours of wells. Annual variation of sowing pattern and water requirement in the Neyshabour plain have significant effect (95% confidence) on working hours of wells. By suppose the constant area under crops in the Neyshabour plain, adjust in calculating of working hours of wells was done using measured hydromodul in the region. In adjusted method, the annual working hours showed increase averagely 440 (11%) hours in compare to permissible working hours of Neyshabour plain (4120 hours). This variety in working hours of wells cause to be near to existence and realy conditions of the Neyshabour plain. In an agronomy year, it is possible to have an acceptable forcasting for working hours of regional wells by determining the sowing area of wheat and barley.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37775_2e24ef239c7d1f4dba9dee862192dc53.pdf
2014-10-23
649
660
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.41377
Neyshabour plain
Wells working hours
The national water document
Optimal water use
S.A.
Haghayeghi
ghaghayeghi@gmail.com
1
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Alizadeh
alizadeh@um.ac.ir
2
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
حقایقی مقدم س.ا. 1389. مدیریت پایدار آب زیرزمینی با نگرش مصرف بهینه آب کشاورزی در استان خراسان رضوی- مطالعه موردی حوضهی آبریز نیشابور. شماره ثبت 995/89. مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، کرج.
1
2- دهقانی ح.، علیزاده ا.، کشاورز ع. و ایزدی ا. 1378. الگوی مصرف آب در کشاورزی. مجموعه مقالات علمی، تخصصی تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی. سال چهارم، شماره 14.
2
3- رزاقی ف. و سپاسخواه ع. 1386. ارزیابی روشهای مختلف تخمین تبخیر- تعرق سطوح گیاهی مرجع به کمک دادههای اندازهگیری شده با لایسیمتر وزنی. مجموعه مقالات نهمین سمینار آبیاری و کاهش تبخیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان.
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4- رضایی ع.، بختیاری ب.، هوشیاریپور ف. و دهقانی اناری م. 1386. ارزیابی روشهای مختلف برآورد تبخیر تعرق گیاه مرجع با استفاده از سنجشهای لایسیمتری (مطالعه موردی: شهر کرمان). مجموعه مقالات نهمین سمینار آبیاری و کاهش تبخیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان.
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5- سازمان هواشناسی کشور.1381. روششناسی سند ملی مصرف بهینه آب کشاورزی ایران. مجموعه مقالات کارگاه روششناسی سند ملی مصرف بهینه آب کشاورزی ایران، آذر 1381، تهران.
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6- سهراب ف. و عباسی ف. 1383. ارزیابی بازده آب آبیاری طی چند دهه گذشته در سطح کشور. مجموعه مقالات کارگاه فنی آبیاری سطحی مکانیزه، صفحات 70 – 58 ، تهران.
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7- عرفانیان م.، علیزاده ا. و محمدیان آ. 1389. بررسی تغییرات احتمالی نیاز کنونی آبیاری گیاهان نسبت به ارقام مندرج در سند ملی آبیاری (مطالعه موردی: استان خراسان رضوی). مجله آبیاری و زهکشی ایران، 3 (4)، ص. 492-478.
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8- معاونت بهرهبرداری شرکت آب منطقهای خراسان. 1379. حجم آب قابل تحویل در هر هکتار کشت آبی و ساعت کارکرد چاههای کشاورزی استان خراسان.
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9- نادری ن. و علیزاده ا. 1386. مقایسه و اصلاح روشهای تعیین نیاز آبی. مجموعه مقالات نهمین سمینار آبیاری و کاهش تبخیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان.
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10- وزارت کشاورزی و سازمان هواشناسی کشور. 1378. سند ملی آب کشور ( نیاز آبی گیاهان، الگوی کشت، راندمان آبیاری)، تهران.
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11- Blaney H.F. and Criddle W.D. 1950. USDA Soil Conserv. Service Tech. Paper No.96, pp: 48.
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12- Doorenbos J. and Pruitt W.O. 1977. Guidelines for Predicting Crop Water Requirements. Irrigationan and Drainage Paper 24, Rev., Rome. pp: 156.
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13- Monteith J.L. 1965. Evaporation and environment. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 19, 205–234.
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14- Penman H.L. 1948. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil, and grass. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 193, 120–145.
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15- Smith M., Allen R., Monteith J.L., Pereira L.A. and Segeren A. 1991. Report on the Expert Consultation for the Revision of FAO Methodologies for Crop Water Requirements. FAO/AGL, Rome.
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16- Smith M., Allen R. and Pereira L. 1996. Revised FAO Methodology for Crop Water Requirements. Proccedings of the ASAE International Conference on Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Scheduling, Nov.3-6, San Antonio, Tx. pp: 116-123.
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17- Teare I.D. and Peet M.M. 1982. Crop Water Relations. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
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18- Thornthwaite C.W. 1948. An approach towards a rational classification of climate. Geog. Rev.38: 55-94, Pattern of Water Consumption in Agriculture.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of The Effect Hydraulic and Atmospheric Factors on the Evaporation and Wind Draft Losses in The Fixed Head Sprinkle Irrigation System
Correct understanding of the factors affecting the rate of evaporation l and wind draft losses on sprinkler irrigation systems is important in order to provide guidelines for the development and utilization of water resources. This study was performed to identify the factors affecting the rate of evaporation and wind draft losses and also equations presents for estimating of evaporation and wind draft losses on the fixed head sprinkler irrigation systems, under various conditions of hydraulic and atmospheric. In this study sprinklers of ZK30, ZM22 and AMBO was used. The tests were carried out at the University of Kurdistan research farm located in the village of Doshan with single sprinkler method Accordance with the ISO 7749-1 and ISIRI 8995-3 standards. Evaporation and wind draft Losses were measured at different applied pressures under various conditions of atmospheric. The results showed that parameters of vapor pressure deficit and temperatures had the highest correlation with evaporation and wind draft losses in all three types of sprinklers, and this correlation is significant at the 1% probability level. Also results showed that the correlation between wind velocity and losses is in sprinklers of ZM22 and ZK30 significant at the 1% and 5% probability level respectively and in the sprinkler AMBO is no significant correlation. In overall evaporation and wind draft losses increase to 9.4 percent by increasing of 1 meter per second of wind velocity.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37780_5adec4264ad3d6fb7202ad3fba60be00.pdf
2014-10-23
661
669
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.29061
Sprinkler
Wind speed
Vapor pressure deficit
temperature
Evaporation
Wind losses
B.
Rostamian
baharehrostamyan@yahoo.com
1
University of Kurdistan
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Maroufpoor
e.maroufpoor@uok.ac.ir
2
University of Kurdistan
AUTHOR
N.
Azarboo
nasibeh_2013@yahoo.com
3
University of Kurdistan
AUTHOR
F.
Farzankia
foroughfarzankia@yahoo.com
4
University of Kurdistan
AUTHOR
1-باوی ع. 1384. "بررسی تأثیر باد و درجه حرارت بر یکنواختی توزیع و تلفات تبخیر و باد در سیستم آبیاری بارانی کلاسیک ثابت با آبپاش ژاله 3 در منطقه امیدیه". پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد رشته آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی. واحد علوم و تحقیقات اهواز.
1
2- رحمتآبادی و. 1389. "بررسی تلفات تبخیر و باد و ضریب یکنواختی توزیع آبپاش ADF 25° در سیستم آبیاری بارانی کلاسیک ثابت با آبپاش متحرک". پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده کشاورزی. دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز.
2
3- سازمان مدیریت و برنامهریزی کشور (دفتر تدوین ضوابط و معیارهای فنی). 1383. "ضوابط و معیارهای آبیاری تحت فشار (نشریه شماره 286)". انتشارات سازمان مدیریت و برنامهریزی کشور.
3
4- شیخ اسماعیلی ا. 1382. بررسی یکنواختی توزیع آب و تلفات تبخیر و باد در سیستم های آبیاری بارانی کلاسیک ثابت با آبپاش متحرک A-D-5. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده کشاورزی. دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز.
4
5- رفانیان م.، علیزاده ا.، موسوی بایگی م.، انصاری ح. و باغانی ج. 1387 " مطالعه پتانسیل اثرات تبخیر و بادبردگی یر کارایی سیستمهای آبیاری بارانی در دشتهای کشاورزی خراسان رضوی، شمالی و جنوبی." مجله علوم و صنایع کشاورزی، ویژه آب و خاک، جلد 22، شماره 1.
5
6- علیزاده ا. 1385. طراحی سیستمهای آبیاری. جلد دوم، طراحی سیستمهای آبیاری تحت فشار. انتشارات دانشگاه امام رضا.
6
7- مؤسسه استاندارد و تحقیقات صنعتی ایران "ماشینهای کشاورزی- تجهیزات آبیاری- آبپاشها- قسمت سوم: مشخصههای توزیع و روشهای آزمون". استاندارد ملی ایران (ISIRI) 3-8995 چاپ اول.
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8- Abu-Zeid M. and Hamdy A. 2008. “Coping with Water Scarcity in Arab World,” The 3rd International Conference on Water Resources and Arid Environments and the 1st Arab Water Forum, p. 26.
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9- Alnaizy R. and Simonet D. 2012. Analysis of Water Evaporation and Drift Losses During Irrigation in Semi-arid Areas of Sharjah (UAE) and Riyadh (KSA). Natural Resources Research, Vol. No. 12.
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10- Dechmi F., Playan E., Faci M., Tejero M. and Bercero A. 2003. Analysis of an irrigation district in northeastern Spain. Agriculturul water management, 61(1): 93-109.
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11- Dechmi F., Playan E., Cavero J., Faci J.M. and Martinez- Cob A. 2003a. Wind effects on solid set sprinkler irrigation depth and corn yied. Irrig. Sci. 22 (2), 67-77.
11
12- Frost K.R. and Schwalon H.C. 1955. “Sprinkler evaporation losses”. Agric. Eng.
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13- ISO-7749/1. 1986. Part 1. “Uniformity of distribution and test methods”. Agricultural irrigation equipment-Rotating sprinklers.
13
14- ISO-7749/2. 1990. Part 2. “Uniformity of distribution and test methods”. Agricultural irrigation equipment-Rotating sprinklers.
14
15- Keller J. and Bliesner R.D. 1990. “Sprinkler and Trickle Irrigation”. AVI Book. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York, USA.
15
16- Montero J., Tarjuelo J.M., Ortega J.F. and De juan J.A. 2000. “Modeling evaporation and drift losses in irrigation with medium size impact sprinklers under semiarid conditions“. Agric.wat.manag, 43, PP 263_284.
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17- Montero J., Tarjuelo J.M. and Carrion P. 2003. Sprinkler droplet size distribution measured with an optical spectropluviometer. Irrig. Sci. 22 (2), 47-56.
17
18- Playan E., Garrido S., Faci J.M. and Galan A. 2004. Characterizig pivot sprinklers using and experimental irrigation machine. Agric. Water Manage. 70 (30), 177-193.
18
19- Playan E., Salvador R., Faci J.M., Zapata N., Martinez-Cob A. and Sanchez I. 2005. “Day and night wind drift and evaporation losses in sprinkler solid-sets and moving laterals”. Agric. Water Manage.76 (2005) 139–159.
19
20- Sanchez I., Fasi J.M. and Zapata N. 2011. The effects of pressure, nazzle diameter and meteorological condition on the performance of agricultural impact sprinklers. Agricultural Water Management 102 (2011) 13-24.
20
21- Tarjuelo J.M., Ortega J.F., Montero J. and De Juan J.A. 1999. "Modeling evaporations and drift losses in irrigation with medium size impact sprinklers under semi-arid condition". Agric Water Management, pp 263-284.
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22- Trimmer W.L. 1987. “Sprinkler evaporation losses equation”. ASCE. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 113(4), PP 616-620.
22
23- Uddin J., Smith R., Hancock N. and Foley J.2010. “ Droplet evaporation losses during sprinkler irrigation: an overview” NCEA, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia.
23
24- Yacoubi S., Zayani K., Zapata N., Zairi A., Slatni A., Salvador R. and Playan E. 2010. “Day and Night Time Sprinkler Irrigated Tomato: Irrigation Performance and Crop Yield,” Biosystems Engineering, Vol. 107, No. 1, 2010, pp. 25-35.
24
25- Yacoubi S., Zayani K., Slatni A. and Playan E. 2012. “Assessing Sprinkler Irrigation Performance Using Field Evaluations at the Medjerda Lower Valley of Tunisia” Engineering, No. 4, 2012, pp. 682-691.
25
26- Yazar A. 1984. “Evaporation and drift losses from sprinkler irrigation system under various operating conditions“. Agric.wat. manage. 8,439_449.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of (Mentha pipertia L.) Water Requirement, Single and Dual Crop Coefficients
For optimal use of water resources determination of crop coefficients and water requirement for each region is necessary.The present study was conducted to determine the values of water requirement and crop coefficients of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in a semi arid climate. For this purpose, eight water balance drainable lysimeters were used. For those reasons two lysimeters was used for grass and bare soil evapotranspiration estimation. Also in six other lysimeters, peppermint in two groups A (Plant growth was continued until the end of flowering.) and B (plant harvested three times, after reaching a height of 10-12 cm) was planted. Finally the average water requirement of Peppermint in two lysimeters groups A and B were determined as 664.4 and 566.4 mm respectively. Single and base crop coefficients for lysimeters in group A, for the initial, development and middle stages of peppermint growth were determined as, 0.69 ، 1.03 ، 1.27 and 0.29، 0.86، 1.17 respectively . Also the average of single crop coefficients on first, second and third harvests for lysimeters in group B was determined as 0.84 ، 0.92 ، 0.96 respectively.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37784_67cfae5114736743977e038e9dd6f16c.pdf
2014-10-23
670
678
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.22139
Evapotranspiration
Drainable lysimeter
Peppermint
Semi arid climate
Water balance equation
H.
Ghamarnia
hghamarnia@razi.ac.ir
1
Razi University, Kermanshah
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Mousabeygi
fatemeh.msbg@yahoo.com
2
Razi University, Kermanshah
AUTHOR
1- پناهی م. 1375. تعیین مناسبترین رابطه برآورد تبخیر- تعرق پتانسیل و ضریب گیاهی برای چغندرقند در اصفهان. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی. دانشگاه تبریز. دانشکده کشاورزی.
1
2- رحیمیان م.ح. و کاخکی ع. 1386. نیاز آبی پنبه و ضریب گیاهی KC مربوط به آن به روش لایسیمتری در منطقه کاشمر. نهمین سمینار سراسری آبیاری و کاهش تبخیر، کرمان.
2
3- طهماسب پور ب. و محمدیان ر. 1390. تاثیر تراکم و تاریخ کاشت های مختلف برروی گیاهان دارویی همیشه بهار و نعناع فلفلی. اولین همایش تخصصی توسعه کشاورزی استانهای شمالغرب کشور.
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4- علیزاده ا. 1381. طراحی سیستم های آبیاری. انتشارات دانشگاه امام رضا(ع).
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5- علیزاده ا. و کمالی غ.ع. 1386. نیاز آبی گیاهان در ایران. انتشارات دانشگاه امام رضا(ع).
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6- علیزاده ا. 1383. رابطه آب و خاک و گیاه. انتشارات دانشگاه امام رضا(ع).
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7- قیصری م.، میرلطیفی س.م.، همایی م. و اسدی م.ا. 1385. تعیین نیاز آبی ذرت علوفه ای و ضریب گیاهی آن در مراحل مختلف رشد. مجله تحقیقات مهندسی کشاورزی، جلد26، شماره 7، ص142-125.
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8- قمرنیا ه.، میری ا.، جعفرزاده م. و قبادی م. 1390. تعیین ضریب رشد گیاهی سیاه دانه (Nigella sativa L.) در مراحل مختلف رشد به روش لایسیمتری. مجله پژوهش آب در کشاورزی، جلد 25 ، شماره 2 ، ص 145 – 133.
8
9- وزیری ژ.، سلامت ع.، انتصاری م.، مسچی م.، حیدری ن. و دهقانی سانیچ ح. 1387. تبخیر-تعرق گیاهان (دستورالعمل محاسبه آب مورد نیاز گیاهان). کمیته ملی آبیاری و زهکشی ایران.
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10- Allen R.G., Pereira L.S., Raes D. and Smith M. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56.
10
11- Allen R.G., Pruitt W.O., Businger J.A., Fritschen L.J., Jensen M.E. and Quinn F.H. 1996. Evaporation and transpiration. In: Wootton et al (Task Com.) ASCE handbook of hydrology, chap 4, 2nd edn. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, p 125–252, 784 p.
11
12- Allen R.G. and Pereira L.S. 2009. Estimating crop coefficients from fraction of ground cover and height. Irrigation Science. 28:17-34.
12
13- Azizi-Zohan A., Kamgar-Haghighi A.A. and Sepaskhah A.R. 2008. Crop and pan coefficients for saffron in a semi-arid region of Iran. Journal of Arid Environments 72: 270–278.
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14- Bossie M., Tilahun K. and Hordofa T. 2009. Crop coefficient and evaptranspiration of onion at Awash Melkassa, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Irrig Drainage Syst, 23:1-10.
14
15- Doorenbos J. and Pruitt W.O. 1977. Crop Water Requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, NO. 24, Rome.
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16- Eccles R. 1994. Menthol cooling compounds. J. Pharm. Pharmacol; 46:618-30.
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17- Fleming T. 1998. PDR for herbal medicines. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Copany, Inc.
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18- Foster S. 1996. Peppermint: Mentha piperita. American Botanical Council-Botantical Series; 306:3- 8.
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19- Korner C., Scheel J.A. and Bauer H. 1979. Maximum leaf conductance in vascular plants. Photosynthetica 13(1):45–82.
19
20- Li S., Kang S., Li F. and Zhang L. 2008. Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of spring maize withplastic mulch using eddy covariance in northwest China. Agricultural Water Management, 95: 1214-1222.
20
21- Shukla S., Jaber F., Srivastava S. and Knowles J. 2007. Water Use and Crop Coefficient for Watermelon in Southwest Florida. Agricultural and Biological Engineering Depatment.
21
22- Simon C.M., Ekwue E.I., Gumbs F.A. and Narayan C.V. 1998. Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) in Trinidad. Tropical Agriculture 75(3):342-346.
22
23- Zare Abyaneh H., Bayat Varkeshi M., Ghasemi A., Marofi S. and Amiri Chayjan R. 2011. Determination of water requirement, single and dual crop coefficient of garlic (Allium sativum) in the cold semi-arid climate. AJCS 5(8):1050-1054
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the Factors Affecting theZahedan’s Aquifer Hydrogeochemistry Using Foctor Analysis, Saturation Indices and Composite Diagrams’ Methods
Zahedan aquifer is located in the northernof Zahedanwatedshed. It is essential to evaluate the quality of groundwater resources due to proving some part of drinking water, agricultural and industrial waters of this city. In order to carry out ground water quality monitoring, and assess the controlling possesses and determine cations and anions sources of the groundwater, 26 wells were sampled and water quality parameters were measured.The results of the analysis showed that almost all of the samples proved very saline and electrical conductivity varied from 1,359 to 12,620μS cm−1. In the Zahedan aquifer, sodium, chloride and sulfate were predominant Cation and Anions respectively, and sodium-chloride Na-Cl( and sodium - sulfate)Na-So4) were dominant types of the groundwater. The factor analysis of samples results indicates that the two natural and human factors controlled about the 83/30% and 74/37% of the quality variations of the groundwater respectively in October and February. The first and major factor related to the natural processes of ion exchange and dissolution had a correlation with positive loadings of EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl-, K+ and So42- and controls the 65.25% of the quality variations of the ground water in October and the 58.82% in February. The second factor related toCa2+, No3- constituted the18.05% of the quality variations in October and 15.56% in February, and given the urban development and less agricultural development in the aquifer, is dependent on human activities. For the samples collected in October, the saturation indices of calcite, gypsum and dolomite minerals showed saturated condition and calcite and dolomite in February showed saturated condition for more than 60% and 90% of samples and gypsum index revealed under-saturated condition for almost all samples.The unsaturated condition of Zahedan groundwater aquifer is resulted from the insufficient time for retaining water in the aquifer to dissolve the minerals. So42- and No3- Ions in more than 70 percent samples showed unnatural sources (the sewer infiltration).
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37790_369aa87065c0afa427f8bc1da324c763.pdf
2014-10-23
679
694
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.24291
Hydrogeochemistry
Zahedanaquifer
Factor analysis
Composite diagrams
Saturation indices
J.
Dowlati
jdowlati@yahoo.co.uk
1
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gh.
Lashkaripour
lashkaripour@um.ac.ir
2
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
N.
Hafezi Moghadas
nhafezi@um.ac.ir
3
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
1- استاندارد ملی ایران. ۱۳۸۸. آب آشامیدنی ویژگیهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی (استاندارد ۱۰۵۳). ویرایش ۵. ص۱۸- ۱.
1
2- جلالی ل.، و اصغری مقدم ا.۱۳۹۰. تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر شوری آب زیرزمینی با مدل هیدروژئوشیمیایی مطالعه موردی دشت خوی. سومین گردهمایی علوم زمین، سازمان زمینشناسی ایران.
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3- حسینی سبزواری س.م.، نعمتی م.، و شایسته فر م.ر. ۱۳۹۱. بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر هیدروژئوشیمی آبهای زیرزمینی معدن گلگهر سیرجان با استفاده از تحلیلهای عاملی و خوشهای. شانزدهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران.
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4- حیدریزاد م.، و محمدزاده ح. ۱۳۹۱. مطالعه مکانی و فصلی تغییرات هیدروژئوشیمیایی و بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر کیفیت آب رودخانه کارده (شمال شهر مشهد). نشریه آبوخاک. شماره۲۶.
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5- خزاعی ا. ۱۳۸۰. تأثیر گسترش شهری بر کیفیت آب زیرزمینی زاهدان. نشریه آب و فاضلاب. شماره ۳۷.
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6- رضایی م. ۱۳۹۰. مطالعه عوامل کنترلکننده شوری در آبخوان آبرفتی دشت مند، استان بوشهر. محیطشناسی. شماره۳۷.
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7- رضایی م. ۱۳۸۸. کاربرد آنالیزهای چند متغیره، اندیسهای اشباع و دیاگرامهای ترکیبی در تحلیل کیفی آبخوان آبرفتی دشت کرمان. تحقیقات منابع آب ایران شماره۳۰.
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8- ۸ - زراعی و.، حسینی م.، و شکلآبادی م. ۱۳۹۱. ارزیابی کیفیت آبهای زیرزمینی دشت قروه با استفاده از روشهای آماری چند متغیره. ششمین همایش ملی و نمایشگاه تخصصی مهندسی محیط زیست. تهران.
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9- زارع چاهوکی م.ع. ۱۳۸۹. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها در پژوهشهای منابع طبیعی با نرمافزارSPSS ، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی واحد تهران، تهران.
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10- شرکت مهندسین مشاور پارس کنسولت. ۱۳۵۳. بررسیهای ژئوفیزیک دشت زاهدان.
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11- شرکت مهندسین مشاور خاک آزما نگین. ۱۳۹۱. نتایج نمونهبرداری منابع آب زیرزمینی زاهدان (سری اول مهرماه). شرکت آب منطقهای سیستان و بلوچستان.
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12- شرکت مهندسین مشاور خاک آزما نگین. ۱۳۹۱. نتایج نمونهبرداری منابع آب زیرزمینی زاهدان (سری دوم بهمنماه). شرکت آب منطقهای سیستان و بلوچستان.
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13- شرکت مهندسین مشاور ری آب. ۱۳۸۷. مطالعات تأمین آب بلندمدت شهر زاهدان.گزارش هیدروژئولوژی. شرکتآب منطقهای سیستان و بلوچستان.
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14- شرکت مهندسین مشاور طوس آب. ۱۳۸۹. مطالعات شناسایی و پایش منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت زاهدان،گزارش شناسایی منابع آب زیرزمینی. شرکتآب منطقهای سیستان و بلوچستان.
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15- شرکت مهندسین مشاور طوس آب. ۱۳۹۱. مطالعات اجرای پایش و تجزیه و تحلیل کیفی آبخوان زاهدان،گزارش بازنگری منابع آب زیرزمینی. شرکت، آب منطقهای سیستان و بلوچستان.
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16- غیومیان ج.،حسینی پور ح.، قاسمی ا.ر. و پیروان ح.ر. ۱۳۸۴. کاربرد آنالیزهای چند متغیره در تحلیل هیدروژئوشیمی دشت سرچاهان هرمزگان. نهمین همایش انجمن زمینشناسی ایران. دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران.
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17- فاریابی م.، کلانتری ن.،و نگارستانی ا. ۱۳۸۹. ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر بر کیفیت شیمیایی آب زیرزمینی دشت جیرفت با استفاده از روشهای آماری و هیدروشیمیایی. نشریه علوم زمین شماره۷۷.
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18- قره محمودلو م.، رقیمی م.، و حشمت پور ع. ۱۳۸۶. بررسی هیدروژئوشیمی منابع آب شهر گرگان با استفاده از روش تحلیل عاملی و روش تحلیل خوشهای. نشریه محیط شناسی شماره۴۳.
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19- کلانتری ن.، پوراکبری س.، محمدی بهزاد ح.، و عقدکی ی. ۱۳۹۱. بررسی هیدروژئوشیمیایی منابع آب تاقدیس کارستی کی نو، سی و یکمین گردهمایی علوم زمین. تهران.
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20- محمدزاده ح.، و ابراهیم پور ص. ۱۳۹۱. کاربرد ایزوتوپهای پایدار و هیدروژئوشیمی بهمنظور بررسی منشأ و تغییرات کیفی منابع آب حوضهی آبریز دریاچه زریوار. نشریه آبوخاک شماره۱۰۳۱.
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21- محمدی ض.، زارع م.، و شریفزاده ب. ۱۳۸۸. کاربرد تحلیل آماری چندمتغیره جهت مدیریت آبهای زیرزمینی در یک سفره ساحلی. هشتمین کنگره بینالمللی مهندسی عمران. شیراز.
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22- Behruzi A. and Eftekharnezhad J. 1993.Geological map of Zahedan(1:250000).
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23- Belkhiri L., Boudoukha A., Mouni L. and Baouz T. 2010. Multivariate statistical characterization of groundwater quality in Ain Azel plain. Algeria, African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4(8): 526-534.
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24- Belkhiri L., Mouni L. and Tiri A. 2012. Water–rock interaction and geochemistry of groundwater from the Ain Azel aquifer, Algeria,Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 34: 1-13
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25- Chen K., Jiao J.J., Huang J. and Huang R. 2007. Multivariate statistical evaluation of trace elements in groundwater in a coastal area in ShenzhenChina,Environmental Pollution, 147: 771-780.
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26- Cloutier V., Lefebvre R., Therrien R. and Savard M.M. 2008. Multivariate statistical analysis of geochemical data as indicative of the hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in a sedimentary rockaquifer system, Journal of Hydrology, 353: 294-313.
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27- Gibbs R.J. 1970. Mechanisms controlling World’s Water Chemistry, Science, 170 : 1089-1090.
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28- Güler C., Thyne G.D., McCray J.E. and Turner A.K. 2002. Evaluation of graphical and multivariate statistical methods for classification of water chemistry data, Hydrogeology Journal, 10: 455-474.
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29- Hounslow A.W. 1995. Water Quality Data: Analysis and Interpretation, Lewis Publishers, 397 p.
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30- Khazaei E., Stednick J.D., Sanford W.E. and Warner J.W. 2006. Hydrochemical changes over time in the Zahedan Aquifer.Iran, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 114: 123–143.
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31- Zhu B., Yang X., Rioual P.,Qin X., Liu Z., Xiong H. and Yu J. 2011. Hydrogeochemistry of three watersheds (the Erlqis, Zhungarer and Yili) in northern Xinjiang, NW, Applied Geochemistry, 26:1535–1548
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental and Field Investigation of the Use of Radial Gates as Flow Measurement Structures at Free and Submerged Flow Conditions
The development of an enhanced approach for the use of radial gates as flow measurement structures is important in irrigation networks. In this study, new theoretical relationships were developed to estimate the discharge coefficient (Cd) for a single radial gate with three different sills, at free and submerged flow conditions. These equations were calibrated and verified by using about 2600 laboratory data from the world-wide literature. Results indicated that the flow rate under the radial gates can be estimated by an error in the order of ±5%. The reliability of the proposed relationships and in particular the scale effects, were tested using 530 field data of radial gates operating on different canal networks. The predictions of the flow rates from the proposed method are shown to be superior compare with the other predictive methods. In the presence of multi radial gates in a given cross section, the total discharge is estimated by an error up to ±30% when using single radial gate relationships. This discrepancy is considered to be mainly due to the influence of different gate openingsand the difference between gate and canal widths. A self-developed correction factor, k, was introduced to account for the dimensionless effective parameters such as the ratio of gate-to-canal width, the geometry of the gates, and the ratios of upstream and downstream depths to the average gates openings. The results are promising the predictive errors of the total flow rates are reduced by ±5% and ±10% for 74% and 94% of the flow data, respectively.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37793_bd2920b29c4ff1c0e8082f747523ae07.pdf
2014-10-23
695
707
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.27050
Radial gate
Flow measurement
Discharge coefficient
Free flow
Submerged flow
Y.
Aminpour
younes_aminpour@ut.ac.ir
1
Tehran University
AUTHOR
M.
Yasi
m_yasi@yahoo.com
2
Urmia University
AUTHOR
J.
Farhoudi
jfarhoudi@ut.ac.ir
3
Tehran University
AUTHOR
H.
Khalili Shayan
h_kh_shayan@ut.ac.ir
4
Tehran University
LEAD_AUTHOR
1- شاهرخنیا م.ح. و جوان م. 1384. برآورد ضریب دبی جریان در دریچههای قوسی. مجله هیدرولیک، 11:1-1.
1
2- بیرامی م.ک. و یوسفیان م. 1385. تخمین دبی جریان در دریچه های قطاعی با استفاده از تلفیق روابط انرژی و اندازه حرکت .سومین کنگره ملی مهندسی عمران، تبریز.
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3- قبادیان ر.، یعقوبی م. و زارع. م. 1390. مقایسه دو روش تئوری و تلفیق معادلات انرژی و اندازه حرکت در تخمین دبی عبوری از دریچه های قطاعی در شرایط استغراق. مجله پژوهش آب ایران، سال پنجم، شماره نهم، (216-211).
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4- صفری نژاد د. 1370. تعیین روابط حاکم بر میزان دبی دریچههای قوسی نصبشده بر روی کانالهای آبیاری. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز. ایران.
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5- Bijankhan M., Ferro V., and Kouchakzadeh S. 2012. New stage discharge relationships for radial gates. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering ASCE, 139(5): 378-387.
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6- Buyalski C.P. 1983. Discharge algorithms for canal radial gates. Research Report REC-ERC-83-9. United States Bureau of Reclamation, Denver.
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7- Clemmens A.J., Strelkoff T.S., and Replogle J.A. 2003. Calibration of submerged radial gates. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE,129(9): 680–687.
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8- Ferro V. 2000. Simultaneous flow over and under a gate. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering ASCE, 126 (3): 190-193.
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9- Ferro V. 2001. Closure to simultaneous flow over and under a gate by V. Ferro. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering ASCE, 127(5):326–328.
9
10- Shahrokhnia M.A. and Javan M. 2006. Dimensionless stage–discharge relationship in radial gates. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering ASCE,132(2): 180–184.
10
11- Tel J. 2000. Discharge relations for radial gates. M. Sc. thesis, Delft Technical University, Delft, The Netherlands.
11
12- Wahl T.L. 2005. Refined energy correction for calibration of submerged radial gates. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering ASCE, 131(6):457–466.
12
13- Webby M.G. 1999. Discussion of ‘Irrotational flow and real fluideffects under planar sluice gates,’ by J. S. Montes. Journal of Hydraulic EngineeringASCE,125(2): 210–212.
13
14- Zahendani M.R., Keshavarzi A., Javan M. and Shahrokhnia M.A. 2012. New Equation for Estimation of Radial Gate Discharge. Water Management, ICE Publishing, 165(5):253-263
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the Precision of Hydraulic Conductivity and Sorptive Number Estimation in Cased Boreholes by Reynolds Analysis: The Cased of Pakdasht Region
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) and sorptive number are the most important hydraulic characteristics effective on soil process. Cased boreholes falling-head permeameter (Philip method) is the one of hydraulic conductivity measurement borehole method. The analysis borehole cased falling-head in unsaturated area promoted and investigated .This method has been investigated by HYDRUS- 2D simulator but in this study is not use experimental data. The purpose of this study precision investigation and determine Reynolds method accuracy by experimental data. Thirty boreholes has been prepared, 12 boreholes with 4 different length and 4 centimeters diameter, 9 boreholes with 3 different length and diameters of 6 and 8 centimeters (3 replications done for each length). A program was written by FORTRAN language for solving the equations presented by Reynolds. Shaghaghi et al determine soil hydraulic conductivity by Guelph method in mentioned area. The results gained by FORTRAN program compared by Shaghaghi et al results. Results showed that the best data drawdown zone for determining Kfs and α* is lower range of data. Considering studies is shown that diameter and length of cased boreholes are not effective on investigation and every length and diameter can be used for solving Reynolds equation. Also the results show that the best gravity factor for precision of estimation is obtained in zero value.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37797_5ce4be148d298942cfe111d098fad38b.pdf
2014-10-23
708
716
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.26959
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
Sorpitve numbers
Cased borehole
Drawdown
T.
Asadollahzadeh
t.asadolahzadeh@ut.ac.ir
1
University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Mashal
mmashal@ut.ac.ir
2
University of Tehran
AUTHOR
S.
Karimzadgan
s_karimzadgan@ut.ac.ir
3
University of Tehran
AUTHOR
1- شقاقی م. و مشعل م. 1386. بهبود اندازه گیری هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع خاک با استفاده از آنالیز های تک عمقی نفوذ سنج گلف. مجله علمی کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران: ISSN 0254-3648
1
2- Gomez J.A., GiraldezJ.V., and FereresE. 2001. Analysis of infiltration and runoff in an olive orchard under no-till. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65:291–299. doi:10.2136/sssaj2001.652291x
2
3- Koorevaar P., MenelikG. and DirksenC. 1983. Elements of soil physics. Elsevier,New York
3
4- Lancaster J.W. 2000. Multi -scale estimation of effective permeability within the Greenholes Beck catchment. Ph.D. diss. Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, UK.
4
5- Muñoz-Carpena R., RegaladoC.M., Álvarez-BenediJ. and BartoliF. 2002. Field evaluation of the new Philip–Dunne permeameter for measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity. Soil Sci. 167:9–24. doi:10.1097/00010694-200201000-00002.
5
6- Muñoz-Carpena R., RegaladoC.M. and Álvarez-BenediJ. 2001. The Philip– Dunne permeameter: A low-tech/low-cost field saturated hydraulic conductivity device. ASAE Pap. 01-2146. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., St. Joseph, MI.
6
7- Philip J.R. 1993. Approximate analysis of falling-head lined borehole permeameter. Water Resour. Res. 29:3763–3768. doi:10.1029/93WR01688
7
8- Reynolds W.D. 2011. Measuring soil hydraulic properties using cased borehole permeameter: Falling-head analysis. Vadose Zone. J. 10:999–1015. doi:10.2136/vzj2010.0145.
8
9- Reynolds W.D. and ToppG.C. 2008. Soil water analyses: Principles and parameters.p. 913–939. In M.R. Carter and E.G. Gregorich (ed.) Soil sampling and methods of analysis. 2nd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
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10- Reynolds W.D. and ElrickD.E. 2005. Measurement and characterization ofsoil hydraulic properties. p. 197–252. In J. Álvarez-Benedi and R. Muñoz-Carpena (ed.) Soil-water-solute process characterization: An integratedapproach. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
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11- Regalado C.M. and Muñoz-CarpenaR. 2004. Estimating the saturated hydraulicconductivity in a spatially variable soil with different permeameters:A stochastic Kozeny–Carman relation. Soil Tillage Res. 77:189–202.doi:10.1016/j.sti ll.2003.12.008
11
12- Šimůnek J., SejnaM. and Van GenuchtenM.Th. 1999. The HYDRUS-2D software package for simulating two-dimensional movement of water, heat and multiple solutes in variably saturated media. Version 2.0. IGWMCTPS-53. Int. Ground Water Model. Ctr., Colorado School of Mines, GOLDEN
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Merus Ring, a New Approach for Reducing Sediment in Drip Irrigation System
The main problem with trickle irrigation is the emitter’s clogging. Using Merus ring is a new method for reducing sedimentation. The effect of Merus ring is based on molecular oscillations of salts in water and the performance of this device is not based on magnetic field. This study was performed in a field located at Isfahan University of Technology to investigate the effect of Merus ring on emitter’s clogging. Two main treatments of irrigation water, one with Merus ring and another without Merus ring, and three sub-treatments of irrigation water salts were used. The experiment was run for three months and each treatment was irrigated for three hours every day. The results showed that the irrigation water treatment (irrigation with Merus ring and without Merus ring) had significant effect on average emitter’s discharge (qav) at 1% level and on distribution uniformity of emitters (EU) at 5% level. The average emitter’s discharge and distribution uniformity of emitters were higher for the treatment of with Merus ring as compared to the treatment of without Merus ring. For both irrigation water treatments, qav and EU decreased with time during the experiment, but the decrease was higher for the treatment of without using Merus ring. The results showed that the use of Merus ring causes lower emitter clogging and better irrigation performance
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37801_15adadb2bbf79a56f3c6da7ef1f7ac6b.pdf
2014-10-23
717
728
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.27282
Irrigation water salts
Emitter’s clogging
Molecular oscillations
Distribution uniformity of emitters
Kh.
Barati
kh_barati@yahoo.com
1
Isfahan University of Technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
Mostafazadeh-Fard
behrouz@cc.iut.ac.ir
2
Isfahan University of Technology
AUTHOR
A. A.
Sheikhbahaei
sheikhbahaei@merusiran.com
3
Merus Iran Company, Isfahan
AUTHOR
- عبدالصالحی ا.، و بان نژاد ح. 1387. استفاده از میدان مغناطیسی با هدف جلوگیری از گرفتگی قطره چکان ها در سیستم آبیاری تحت فشار به منظور ارتقاء بهره وری و مدیریت تخصیص بهینه آب. دومین همایش ملی مدیریت شبکه های آبیاری و زهکشی. دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز.
1
2- علیزاده ا. 1380. اصول و عملیات آبیاری قطره ای. انتشارات دانشگاه امام رضا (ع). مشهد.
2
3- کیانی ع. 1386. آب مغناطیسی پدیده ای نو در ارتقاء بهره وری آب. ماهنامه علمی تخصصی کشاورزی زیتون. شماره 183.
3
4- مصطفی زاده فرد ب.، و معیدی نیا ع. ح. 1379. تأثیر ترکیبات شیمیایی مختلف آب آبیاری بر گرفتگی قطره چکانها در آبیاری قطره ای. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران. شماره 31.
4
5- Ahmadaali Kh., Liaghat A. and Dehghanisanij H. 2009. The effect of acidification and magnetic field on emitter clogging under saline water application, Agricutural Science, 1:132-141.
5
6- Dehghanisanij H. and Riyahi H. 2004. Study on emitter clogging by usage in different salinity, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI) of Iran, Research Report, No. 379.
6
7- http://www.Merusiran.com.
7
8- Keller J. and Karmeli D. 1974. Trickle irrigation design parameters, Trans. ASAE, 17: 678-684.
8
9- Liu H. and Huang G. 2008. Laboratory experiment on drip emitter clogging with fresh water and treated sewage effluent, Agricultural Water Management, 96:745-756.
9
10- Mostafazadeh-Fard B., Khoshravesh M., Mousavi S.F. and Kiani A.R. 2011. Effects of Magnetized Water and Irrigation Water Salinity on Soil Moisture Distribution in Trickle Irrigation, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 137: 398-402.
10
11- Nakayama F.S. and Bucks D.A. 1991. Water quality in drip/trickle irrigation: a review, Irrigation Science, 12:187-192.
11
12- Sahin U., Anapali O., Donmez M.F. and Sahin F. 2005. Biological treatment of clogged emitters in a drip irrigation system, Environmental Management, 76: 338–341.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Flood Hazard Zonation by Combining Mod-Clark and HEC-RAS Models in Bustan Dam Basin, Golestan Province
Flood is one of the devastating phenomena which every year incurs casualties and property damages. Flood zonation is an efficient technique for flood management. The main goal of this research is flood hazard and risk zonation along a 21 km reach of the Gorganrud river in Bustan dam watershed considering two conditions: present landuse condition and scenario planning. To this end a combination of a hydrologic model (the distributed HEC-HMS with the Mod-Clark transform option) and a hydraulic model (HEC-RAS) were used. The required inputs to run the Mod-Clarck module of HEC-HMS are gridded files of river basin, curve number and rainfall with the SHG coordinate system and DSS format. In this research the input files were prepared using the Watershed Modeling System (WMS) at cell size of 200 m. Since the Mod-Clark method requires rainfall data as radar format (NEXRAD), the distributed rainfall mapseries with time intervals of 15 minutes prepared within the PCRaster GIS system were converted to the DSS format using the asc2dss package. also the curve number map was converted to the DSS format using HEC-GeoHMS. Then, these DSS files were substituted with rainfall and curve number maps within the WMS. After calibration and validation, model was run for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 years, in two conditions of current landuse and scenario planning. The simulated peak discharge data, geometric parameters of river and cross section (at 316 locations) data prepared by the HEC-GeoRAS software and roughness coefficients data, were used by the HEC-RAS software to simulate the hydraulic behavior of the river and flood inundation area maps were produced using GIS. The results of the evaluation showed that in addition to the percent error in peak flow, less than 3.2%, the model has a good performance in peak flow simulation, but is not successful in volume estimation. The results of flood zones revealed that from the total area in floodplain with return period of 200 years, 96.94% of the area is exposed to the return period of 25 years floods, and a main part of damages go to the floodplains which are under a return period of 25 years floods.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37803_f25d86525d4a546d9d7d5bac7fbebad6.pdf
2014-10-23
729
741
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.28016
MadClark
WMS
HEC-HMS
HEC-RAS
zonation
Hazard
Bustan dam
Z.
Parisay
z.parisaye@gmail.com
1
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
LEAD_AUTHOR
V.
Sheikh
v.sheikh@yahoo.com
2
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
AUTHOR
M.
Ownegh
mownegh@yahoo.com
3
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
AUTHOR
A.
Bahremand
abdolreza.bahremand@yahoo.com
4
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
AUTHOR
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2- برخوردار م. و چاوشیان س.ع. 1379. پهنه بندی سیلاب. مجموعه مقالات کارگاه فنی روش های غیرسازه ای مدیریت سیلاب، کمیته ملی آبیاری و زهکشی ایران، ص 63- 80.
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3- بزرگی ب. و ابراهیمی لویه ع. 1385. بررسی نقش آموزش و ارتباطات در ارتقاء آگاهیهای عمومی با هدف مدیریت ریسک سیلاب، کمیته ملی آبیاری و زهکشی ایران، اولین کارگاه فنی همزیستی با سیلاب، تهران، 25 مرداد ماه، ص 59– 74.
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4- بهرامی س.ع. 1388. بررسی اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر خصوصیات هیدرولوژیک حوضه آبخیز سد بوستان – استان گلستان با استفاده از مدل HEC-HMS، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، 161 ص.
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5- پریسای ز.، شیخ و.، اونق م. و بهرهمند ع. 1391. مقایسه روشهای پیلگریم و هاف برای تعیین الگوی زمانی بارش در حوضه آبخیز سد بوستان، فصلنامه علمی – پژوهشی جغرافیا (برنامهریزی منطقهای)، سال سوم، شماره 1، زمستان 91، ص 119-126.
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6- خلیلی زاده م.، مساعدی ا. و نجفی نژاد ع. 1384. پهنه بندی خطر سیل در بخشی از محدوده رودخانه زیارت در حوضه آبخیز شهری گرگان. مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، سال دوازدهم، شماره 4، ص 138- 146.
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7- شریفی منش ح. و ابوالقاسمی م. 1378. راهنمای استفاده از نرم افزار HEC-RAS. مرکز تحقیقات آب. 115ص.
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8- شعبانلو س. و همرنگ م.ر. 1390. مقایسه هیدروگراف های سیلاب برآورد شده توسط مدل های یکپارچه و توزیعی (مطالعه موردی حوضه آبخیز کارون)، دومین کنفرانس ملی پژوهش های کاربردی منابع آب ایران، شرکت آب منطقه ای زنجان، ص 1-8.
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9- علیزاده ا. 1387. اصول هیدرولوژی کاربردی، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، 437ص.
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10- غفاری گ. و امینی ع. 1389. مدیریت دشت های سیلابی با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی(GIS) مطالعه موردی: رودخانه قزل اوزن، فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی فضای جغرافیایی، سال دهم، شماره 32، ص 117- 134.
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11- غفاری گ.، سلیمانی ک. و مساعدی ا. 1386. پهنه بندی خطر و ارزیابی خسارت سیل با استفاده از HEC-GeoRAS (مطالعه موردی رودخانه بابلرود)، نشریه دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دوره 60، شماره 2، ص 439- 451.
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12- قمی اویلی ف.، صادقیان م.ص.، جاوید ا.ح. و میرباقری س.ا. 1389. شبیه سازی پهنه بندی سیل با استفاده از مدل HEC-RAS (مطالعه موردی: رودخانه کارون حدفاصل بند قیر تا اهواز)، فصلنامه علوم و فنون منابع طبیعی، سال پنجم، شماره 1، ص 105- 115.
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13- کلانتری اسکوئی ع.، ثقفیان ب. و آل شیخ ع.ا. 1389. راه حلی برای استفاده از مدل هیدرولوژیکی مادکلارک در محیط HEC-HMS در ایران با استفاده از GIS، مجله مهندسی فناوری اطلاعات مکانی، سال یکم، شماره سوم، ص 1- 14.
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14- موسوی ندوشنی س. و داننده مهر ع. 1384. سیستم مدلسازی هیدرولوژیکی (HEC-HMS)، انتشارات دیباگران تهران، 295 ص.
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15- وزیری ف. 1371. تعیین روابط منطقهای بارندگیهای کوتاه مدت در ایران. طرح پژوهشی دانشگاه خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی. 28 ص.
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16- ولیزاده کامران خ. 1386. کاربرد GIS در پهنه بندی خطر سیلاب (مطالعه موردی: حوضه رود لیقوان)، مجله فضای جغرافیایی، سال هفتم، شماره 20، ص 153-169.
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17- وهابی ج. 1385. پهنه بندی خطر سیل با استفاده از مدل های هیدرولوژیکی و هیدرولیکی (مطالعه موردی طالقان رود)، مجله پژوهش و سازندگی، شماره 71، ص 33– 40.
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18- یمانی م.، تورانی م. و چزغه س. 1391. تعیین پهنه های سیل گیر با استفاه از مدل HEC-RAS (مطالعه موردی: بالادست سد طالقان از پل گلینک تا پل وشته)، مجله جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی، شماره اول، ص 1– 16.
18
19- Ghavidelfar S., Alvankar S.R. and Razmkhah A. 2011. Comparison of the lumped and quasi-distributed clark runoff models in simulating flood hydrographs on a semi-arid watershed. Water Resour Manage, 25: 1775–1790.
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20- Hill M. 2001. Floodplain delineation using the HEC-GeoRas extension for ArcView. Brigham Young University, 514 p.
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22- Knebl M.R., Yang Z.L., Hutchison K. and Maidment D.R. 2005. Regional scale flood modeling using NEXRAD rainfall, GIS, and HEC-HMS/RAS: a case study for the San Antonio river basin summer 2002 storm event, Journal of Environmental Management, 75: 325–336.
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29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Native Rangelands Exposed to Grazing and Ungrazing Management in Rangeland Ecosystems of Central Zagrous
The study of soil C dynamics and factors controlling this important soil process in rangeland ecosystems may provide an insight into understanding and evaluating changes in the global C cycle. The primary objective of this study was to quantity the effects of pasture management (i.e., grazing, controlled grazing and ungrazing) on soil C levels and mineralization in three natural rangeland sites of Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiyari province. Three range management regimes including: (a) long-term ungrazed, (b) controlled grazed and (c) free (over) grazed in close vicinity were selected at three sites including SabzKouh (protected from grazing for 18 years), Boroujen (protected from grazing for 23 years) and Sheida (protected from grazing for 2 years). Soil samples were collected from 0-15 cm depth and organic C, total N and C mineralization were measured using standard methods. Results show that SabzKouh and Sheida sites had the highest (14.6 mg g-1) and the lowest (4.80 mg g-1) soil organic C contents, respectively. Soil total N and organic C contents at SabzKouh were significantly higher when compared to other sites, probably due to more rainfall and humid climate. The effect of range management on soil C mineralization was evident at two of the three sites. Results indicate that the exclusion of grazing animals resulted in an increase in soil C mineralization at SabzKouh and Boroujen sites, probably through the addition of plant residues and animal excrements to the soil. However, ungrazed management did not improve plant cover and soil properties in Sheida area, due likely to dry climate conditions, less biomass production and the history of cultivation and agricultural uses. It is, therefore, concluded that the effect of grazing on soil C mineralization depends primarily upon the plant community and climatic conditions and also upon the type of rangeland management and even land use history involved.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37808_ce3d48cd7a128abd8805f69de6eebeec.pdf
2014-10-23
742
753
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.41417
Rangeland ecosystems
Range management
Overgrazing
C mineralization
climate
M.
Riahi Samani
mreyahi777@yahoo.com
1
Shahrekord University
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Raiesi
f_raiesi@yahoo.com
2
Shahrekord University
AUTHOR
1- رﺋیسی ف.، محمدی ج. و اسدی ا. 1384. اثر چرای طولانی مدت بر پویایی کربن لاشبرگ در اکوسیستم مرتعی سبز کوه استان چهارمحال و بختیاری. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، شماره 3، 92-81.
1
2- ریاحی م. 1388. اثرات چرا بر فعالیت میکروبی و آنزیمی خاک در برخی مراتع مرجع استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد خاک شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد.
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3- شکل آبادی م.، خادمی ح.، کریمیان اقبال م. و نوربخش ف. 1386. تأثیر اقلیم و قرق دراز مدت بر برخی از شاخصهای بیولوژیکی کیفیت خاک در بخشی از مراتع زاگرس مرکزی. علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، شماره41، 116-103.
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7- Anderson J.P.E. 1982. Soil respiration. p. 831-872 In A.L. Page et al. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
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8- Barger N.N., Ojima D.S., Belnap J., Shiping W., Yanfen W. and Chen Z. 2004. Changes in plant functional groups, litter quality, and soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization with sheep grazing in an Inner Mongolian grassland. Journal of Range Management, 57:613-619.
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9- Blake G.R. and Hartge K.H. 1986. Bulk density. p. 364-367. In A. Klute (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. 2nd ed Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Agron. Monogr.9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
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11- Conant R.T., Six J. and Paustian K. 2003. Land use effects on soil carbon fractions in the southeastern United States. Management-intensive versus extensive grazing. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 38: 386-392.
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12- Cui X.Y., Chen S.Q. and Chen Z.Z. 2000. CO2 release from typical Stipa grandis grassland soil. Chinies Journal of Applied Ecology, 11:390-394.
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13- Cui X., Wang Y., Niu H., Wu J., Wang Sh., Schnug E., Rogasik J. and Fleckenstein J. 2005. Effect of long-term grazing on soil organic carbon content in semiarid steppes in Inner Mongolia. Ecological Research, 20: 519-527.
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14- Gass T.M. and Binkley D. 2011. Soil nutrient losses in an altered ecosystem are associated with native ungulate grazing. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48: 952-960.
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15- Gee G.W. and Bauder J.W. 1986. Particle size analysis. p. 383-411. In A. Klute (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. 2nd ed Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Agron. Monogr.9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
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16- Gill R.A. 2007. Influence of 90 years of protection from grazing on plant and soil processes in the subalpine of the Wasatch Plateau. USA. Rangeland Ecological Management, 60:88-98.
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17- Haferkamp M.R. and Macneil M.D. 2004. Grazing effects on carbon dynamics in the Northern mixed-grass prairie. Environmental Management, 33: 462-474.
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18- Ingram L.J., Stah P.D., Schuman G.E., Buyer J.S., Vance G.F., Ganjegunte G.K., Welker J.M. and Derner J.D. 2009. Grazing impacts on soil carbon and microbial communities in a mixed-grass ecosystem. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 72: 939-948.
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19- Jeddi K. and Chaieb M. 2010. Changes in soil properties and vegetation following livestock grazing exclusion in degraded arid environments of South Tunisia. Flora 205:184-189.
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20- Jia B., Zhou G., Wang F., Wang Y. and Weng E. 2007. Effects of grazing on soil respiration of Leymus chinensis steppe. Climatic Change, 82: 211-223.
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21- Klute A. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. p. 199-223. In E.O. Mclean (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, American Society of Agronomy Inc and Soil Society of America Inc, Madison, WI, USA.
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22- Klute A. 1986. Water retention. p. 635-653. In A. Klute (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1, Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
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23- Li X.G., Wang Z.F., Qi-Fu Ma Q.F. and Li F.M. 2007. Crop cultivation and intensive grazing affect organic C pools and aggregate stability in arid grassland soil. Soil & Tillage Research, 95: 172-181.
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24- Nelson D.W. and Sommers L.E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. p. 539–579. In A.L. Page et al. (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
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25- Reeder J.D. Schuman G.E., Morgan J.A. and LeCain D.R. 2004. Response of organic and inorganic carbon and nitrogen to long-term grazing of the short grass Steppe. Environmental Management, 33:485-495.
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26- Risch A.C., Martin F., Jurgensen M.F. and Frank D.A. 2007. Effects of grazing and soil micro-climate on decomposition rates in a spatio-temporally heterogeneous grassland. Plant and Soil, 298: 191-201.
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27- Sharrow S.H. 2007. Soil compaction by grazing livestock in silvo-pastures as evidenced by changes in soil physical properties. Agroforestry Systems, 71:215-223.
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28- Shrestha G. and Stah P.D. 2008. Carbon accumulation and storage in semi-arid sagebrush steppe: Effects of long-term grazing exclusion. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 125: 173-181.
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29- Snyman H.A. and Preez C.C. 2005. Rangeland degradation in a semi-arid South Africa: influence on soil quality. Journal of Arid Environments, 60: 483-507.
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30- Stark S. and Grellmann D. 2002. Soil microbial responses to herbivory in an arctic tundra heath at two levels of nutrient availability. Ecology, 83:2736-2744.
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31- Steffens M., Kolbl A. and Knabner I.K. 2009. Alteration of soil organic matter pools and aggregation in semi-arid steppe topsoils as driven by organic matter input. European Journal of Soil Science, 60: 198–212.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spatial Distribution of Cadmium in Paddy Soils Southwest of Isfahan Using Geostatistics and GIS
The paddy soils in Lenjan area exposed to pollution owing to uncontrolled discharge of sewage sludge, wastewater and unessential fertilizers. Little information exists on Cadmium (Cd) distribution in paddy soils of Isfahan Province, this study was therefore investigated the spatial variability of cadmium which is considered as the most toxic metals. 90 soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from study area. Soil properties such as pH, EC, calcium carbonate equivalent, soil texture, organic matter and cation exchange capacity were measured. The total and available Cd concentrations of soil samples analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In addition, estimation of spatial data performed via kriging interpolation method (ordinary and blocky kriging) and by GIS. The total and available concentration of Cd in the study area were averagely 1.747 and 0.073 mgkg-1 respectively, which were much higher than the standard limit and classified in high pollution. Geostatistical analysis result was shown that exponential and spherical models for the total and available Cd concentration were best model, respectively. The most effective range of total and available Cd was 1011 and 1050 meter respectively and correlation ratio was weak in this range. Evaluation of correlation coefficient, MEE and RMSE parameters showed that both methods of kriging for data estimation in comparison with real data had acted in an appropriate manner. The result also showed that human activities such as industrial and urban wastewater entering to the water resources and application of excessive fertilizers had an impact on cadmium concentrations significantly.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37814_9c7d2e95b711010f0d941c1069e417fc.pdf
2014-10-23
754
765
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.19645
Pollution
Cadmium
Spatial variability
Kriging, Rice paddies
Gh.
Rahimi
ghasemr@gmail.com
1
Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan
LEAD_AUTHOR
A. A.
Charkhabi
amin_charkhabi@yahoo.com
2
Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan
AUTHOR
- امینی م.، افیونی م. و خادمی ح. 1385. مدل سازی توازن جرمی عناصر کادمیوم و سرب در زمین های زراعی منطقه اصفهان. علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی 10: 89-77.
1
2- پورمقدس ح. 1381. بررسی کیفیت آبهای زیرزمینی منطقه لنجانات اصفهان. مجله دانشکده بهداشت و انستیتو تحقیقات بهداشتی 1: 40-31.
2
3- حسنی پاک ع.ا. 1377. زمین آمار (ژئواستاتیستیک). انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
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4- صدر س.، افیونی م. و فتحیان پور ن. 1388. تغییرات مکانی آرسنیک در اراضی با کاربردهای مختلف در استان اصفهان. علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، علوم آب وخاک 13: 75-65.
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5- محمدی ج. 1385. پدومتری (آمار مکانی). جلد دوم، انتشارات پلک.
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6- مدنی ح. 1373. مبانی زمین آمار. چاپ اول، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، واحد تفرش.
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7- یارقلی ب.، عظیمی ع.ا.، باغوند ا.، عباسی ف.، لیاقت ع. و اسداله فردی غ. 1388. بررسی جذب و تجمع کادمیوم در اندامهای مختلف محصولات غدهای در خاکهای آلوده. مجله آب و فاضلاب 4: 70-60.
7
8- Acosta J.A., Jansen B., Kalbitz K., Faz A. and Martinez-Martinez S. 2011. Salinity increases mobility of heavy metals in soils. Chemo, 07.046.
8
9- Amini M., Afyuni M., Khademi H., Abbaspour K.C. and Schulin R. 2005. Mapping risk of cadmium and lead contamination to human health in soils of central Iran. Science of the Total Environ. 347: 64-77.
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10- Bauycos G.J. 1962. Hydrometer methods improved for making particle size of soils. Agron. J. 56: 464-465.
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22- Li J.T., Qiu J.W., Wang X.W., Zhong Y., Lan C.Y. and Shu W.S. 2006. Cadmium contamination in orchard soils and fruit trees and its potential health risk in Guangzhou, China. Geod. 143: 159–165.
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Availability and Release Kinetics of Nonexchangeable Potassium in Some Calcareous Soils of Fars Province
Sum of exchangeable and solution forms of soil potassium is widely used to determine potassium availability for plants. Reliability of these methods is not enough in soils that contain 2:1 phyllosilicates. Additional to exchangeable potassium, nonexchamgeable potassium also has an important role in plant nutrition. Limited information about availability and release kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium in calcareous soils of Fars province is available. For this purpose, some extractants including ammonium acetate, boiling nitric acid, 0.1M nitric acid, 2M sodium chloride and water were evaluated to prediction of potassium availability for corn in 10 calcareous soils of Fars province. Release kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium was studied using 15 successive 15-min extraction with 0.01M calcium chloride. Kinetics models describing nonexchangeable potassium release rate including zero order, first order, second order, third order, parabolic diffusion, power function and ellovich were evaluated. Results showed that 1M neutral amonium acetate, 0.1M aitric acid, water and 2M sodium chloride extractants had high correlation with corn potassium uptake. Amount of potassium released among studied soils was vary in the range of 243 to 814 mg kg-1. According to R2 and SE, kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium release was described with power function, parabolic diffusion and ellovich equations satisfactorily. According to this fact that constant rate of parabolic diffusion and ellovich models had significant correlations with corn potassium uptake, it is recommended that these two models are suitable for use in these studied soils.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37819_bc5fc1f3c22d5bab5e1a17fad5b50825.pdf
2014-10-23
766
777
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.22453
corn
Extractant
Calcium chloride
S.
Abdi
sabdi1100@yahoo.com
1
Vali Asr University of Rafsanjan
LEAD_AUTHOR
reza
ghasemi
ghasemif@shirazu.ac.ir
2
شیراز
AUTHOR
N.A.
Karimian
nkarimian@yahoo.com
3
Shiraz University
AUTHOR
M.
Feizian
feizian.m@lu.ac.ir
4
Lorestan University
AUTHOR
1- ابطحی س.ع.، کریمیان ن و صلحی م. 1370. گزارش مطالعات خاکشناسی نیمه تفضیلی اراضی منطقه باجگاه استان فارس. صفحه 63.
1
2- بادآهنگ ک. 1383. بررسی روند تغییرات کانی های خاک های زراعی غرقابی و غیر غرقابی و آزاد سازی پتاسیم از کانی ها. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد علوم خاک. دانشگاه شیراز.
2
3- بحرینی طوحان م.، دردی پور ا. و موحدی نائینی ع. 1389. سرعت رها سازی پتاسیم غیر تبادلی با استفاده از اسید سیتریک و کلرید کلسیم رقیق در خاک های زراعی سری های غالب استان گلستان. مجله علوم وفنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. 14: 126-113.
3
4- توفیقی ح. 1377. بررسی پاسخ برنج به کود پتاسه در خاک های شالیزاری شمال ایران. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران. 29: 883-869.
4
5- شریفی م. و کلباسی م. 1380. انتخاب عصاره گیر مناسب برای استخراج پتاسیم قابل جذب ذرت در خاکهای منطقه مرکزی استان اصفهان. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. 5: 91-77.
5
6- حسین پور ع. 1383. کاربرد معادلات سینتیکی در توصیف سرعت آزاد شدن پتاسیم غیر تبادلی در شماری از خاک های همدان. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. 8: 93-85.
6
7- حسین پور ع. و کاووسی م. 1383. سرعت آزاد شدن پتاسیم غیر تبادلی و پاسخ گیاه در تعدادی از خاک های گیلان. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران. 35: 355-347.
7
8- Al-Zubaidi A., Yanni S. and Bashour I. 2008. Potassium status in some Lebanese soils. Lebanese Science Journal, 9:81-97.
8
9- Beegle D.B. and Oravec D.C. 1990. Comparison of field calibration for Mehlich 3 P and K with Bray- Kurtz P1 and ammonium acetate K for corn. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 21: 1025- 1036.
9
10- Chapman H.D. 1965. Cation exchange capacity. pp. 811-903. I. C.n A. Black. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis, Part II. 2nd ed. Agron Monogar. 9. ASA and SSSA Madison, WI., USA.
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11- Csatho P. 1998. Correlation between two soil extractants and corn leaf potassium contents from Hungarian field trails. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 29:2149-2160.
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12- Dobermann A., Sta Cruz P.C. and Cassman C.G. 1996. Potassium balance and potassium supplying power in intensive irrigated rice systems. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 46: 1-10.
12
13- Hosseinpur A.R. and Kalbasi M. 2002. Kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium from soils and separates in some central region soils of Iran. 17th World Congress of Soil Science. 14-21 Agust, Bangkok, Thailand.
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14- Hosseinpur A.R., Motaghian H.R. and Salehi M.H. 2012. Potassium release kinetics and its correlation With Pinto bean (Phaseolous vulgaris) plant indices. Plant and Soil Environment, 58: 328–333.
14
15- Jalali M. 2005. Release kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium in calcareous soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36:1903-1917.
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16- Jalali M. 2006. Kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium release and availability in some calcareous soils of western Iran. Geoderma, 135: 63-71.
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17- Jalali M. and Zarabi M. 2006. Kinetics of nonexchangeable-potassium release and plant response in some calcareous soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 169:196-204.
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18- Jardin P.M. and Sparks D.L. 1984. Potassium-calcium exchange in a multireactive soil system: 1. Kinetics. Soil Science Society American Journal, 47:39-45.
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19- Knudsen D., Peterson G.A. and Pratt P.F. 1982. Lithium, sodium and potassium, pp:225-245 In: A.L. Page(ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2, 2nd ed. Agronomy monograph No 9. ASA. Madison, WI.
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20- Larsen S. 1967. Soil phosphorus. Advance Agronomy, 19:151 – 210.
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21- Lopez-Pineiro A., and Garcia Navarro A. 1997. Potassium release kinetics and availability in unfertilized vertisol of southwestern Spain. Soil Science, 162: 912-918.
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22- Martin H.W. and Sparks D.L. 1983. Kinetics of non- exchangeable potassium release from two coastal plain soils. Soil Science Society American Journal, 47: 883- 887.
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24- Mengel K. and Rahmatullah D.H. 1998. Release of Potassium from the silt and sand fraction of loess-drived soils. Soil Science, 163: 805-813.
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25- Mutscher M. 1995. Measurement and assessment of soil potassium. IPI restop, no. 4. IPI, Basel. Switzerland.
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26- Pratt P.F. 1965. Potassium. pp. 1022 – 1030 In: A.L. Page (ed.), Black, C.A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2, 2nd ed. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
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27- Rezaei M. and Movahedi Naeini S.A.R. 2009. Kinetics of potassium desorption from the loess soil, soil mixed with zeolite and the clinoptilolite zeolite as influenced by calcium and ammonium. Journal of Applied Science, 9(18):3335-3342.
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28- Sharpley A.N. 1990. Reaction of fertilizer potassium in soils of different mineralogy. Soil Science, 149:44–51.
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29- Sadusky M.C., Sparks D.L., Noll M.R. and Hendricks G.J. 1987. Kinetics and mechanisms of potassium release from sandy soils. Soil Science Society American Journal, 51: 1460-1465.
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30- Sparks D.L. and Huang P.M. 1985. Physical chemistry of soil potassium. p.201-276. In R.D. Munson (ed.) Potassium in agriculture. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
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31- Srinivasarao C., Swarup A., Subba Rao A. and Raja Gopal V. 1999. Kinetics of nonexchangeable potassium release from a tropauepts as influenced by long-term cropping , fertilization and manuring. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 37:317-328.
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32- Syers J.K. 2003. Potassium in soils: current concepts. In:Johnston AE (ed) Proceedings of the IPI Golden Jubilee Congress 1952–2002 held at Basel Switzerland 8–10 Oct 2002. Feed the soil to feed the people. The role of potash in sustainable agriculture. International Potash Institute, Basel, pp 301–310.
32
33- Volker Romheld E. and Kirkby A. 2010. Research on potassium in agriculture: needs and prospects. Plant and Soil, 335:155-180.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of Traditional Livestock Husbandry on Forest Soil Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics (A Case Study: Parchinak Forest – Sari)
The presence of livestock within forest stands in north of Iran, as one of the main hindrances for optimal forest managing influence the productivity of that individual forest ecosystem in a waste area. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of the long lasting presence of cattle on soil properties in Hyrcanian forests. The investigated area was a part of Parchinak district, Mazandaran -Sari (in 4 Livestock husbandry campus and adjacent forest stands). Soil samples were collected from soil depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm using coring method (8 cm diameter) in each site randomly (n=5) for determining soil physical, chemical and biological characteristic. Results showed that some soil physical characteristics (bulk density and moisture content) and many soil chemical properties (carbon and organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium) were higher in husbandry area than the adjacent forest stand. Also, Net N mineralization and net nitrification have been observed only in Livestock campus. Our findings indicated a significant impact of livestock presence (input of a huge amount of cattle dung and high soil compaction) on forest soil.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37824_ff0d90447c9deae505e541265fb7ed75.pdf
2014-10-23
778
786
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.24244
Livestock husbandry
Forest Soil
Net N mineralization
Nitrification
M.
Hojjati
s.hojati@sanru.ac.ir
1
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Asadiyan
s_m_hodjati@yahoo.com
2
Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
AUTHOR
اکبرزاده م. 1384. بررسی تغییرات پوشش گیاهی،خصوصیات و بانک بذر خاک در مراتع چرا شده و قرق در مناطق استپی و نیمه استپی. رساله دکتری مرتعداری، دانشگاه تهران.
1
بی نام. 1383. کتابچه تجدید نظر طرح جنگلداری سیاهرود سری پرچینک. سازمان جنگل ها و مراتع کشور.
2
جعفری حقیقی م. 1382. روش های تجزیه خاک نمونه برداری و تجزیه های مهم فیزیکی و شیمیایی. انتشارات ندای ضحی.
3
جعفری م.، و سرمدیان ف. 1382. مبانی خاک شناسی و رده بندی خاک. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
4
حسین زاده گ.، جلیلوند ح.، و تمرتاش ر. 1386. تغییرات پوشش گیاهی و برخی از خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک در مراتع باشدت های مختلف چرایی. فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان. 14(4): 512-500.
5
سالاردینی ع ا. 1384. حاصلخیزی خاک. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
6
سایت خبری ایرنا. 1388. خسارت میلیاردی دامداری سنتی به جنگل های شمال کشور.
7
سنگدل ع.، مقدم م.، و جعفری م. 1381. اثر چرای کوتاه مدت بر برخی از خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک. مجله منابع طبیعی ایران. 55: 596- 581.
8
غازان شاهی ج. 1376. آنالیز خاک و گیاه. انتشارات هما.
9
کهندل ا.، ارزانی ح.، و حسینی توسل م. 1388. تاثیر شدت های گوناگون چرای دام بر مواد آلی، نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم خاک. مجله علمی – پژوهشی علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری ایران. 3 (6): 65-59.
10
کهندل ا.، ارزانی ح.، و حسینی توسل م. 1389. تعیین میزان تاثیر شدت های چرای دام بر خصوصیات خاک و پوشش گیاهی با استفاده از مولفه های چند متغییره. فصلنامه علمی– پژوهشی تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران. 17 (4): 526-518 .
11
کهندل ا.، چایی چی م.، ارزانی ح.، محسنی ساروی م.، و زاهدی امیری ق. 1385. تأثیر شدت های چرای دام بر ترکیب پوشش گیاهی، رطوبت، مقاومت مکانیکی و نفوذپذیری خاک. نشریه دانشکده منابع طبیعی. 59 :1011- 1001.
12
وراوی پور م. 1383. خاک شناسی عمومی. انتشارات دانشگاه پیام نور.
13
یوسفی ک.، سردابی ح.، امین املشی م.، و امان زاده ب. 1388. اثرات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک ناشی از دخالت انسان و دام بر زادآوری راشستان های منطقه خورگام گیلان. وزارت جهاد کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی. مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور.
14
Addiscot T.M. 2005. Nitrate, agriculture and the environment. Wallingford, CABI publishing, UK .
15
Badia D., Marti C., Sanchez J.R., Fillat F., Aguirr, J. and Gomez D. 2008. Influence of soil eutriphication on flora composition in the Pyrenees Mountains, J.Mt. Sci, 5:63-72.
16
Brady, N.C. and Well R.R. 2008. The Nature and properties of soils, Pearson Prentice Hll.
17
David B., Clara, M. and Ramon S.J. 2008. Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on composition in Pyrenees mountains, J. Mt. Sci, 5:l63-72.
18
Gusewell S., Jewel, P.L. and Edwards P.J. 2005. Effects of heterogeneous habitat use by cattle on nutrient availability and litter decomposition in Soils of an Alpine pasture, Plant and Soil, 268:135-149.
19
20- Hagen-Thorn A., Callesen I., Armolaitis, K. and Stjernquist I. 2004. Comparative studies of macronutrients in foliar and stem wood biomass of six temperate tree species planted on the same sites, Am. Sci. For. 6, in press.
20
Hart S.C., Nason G.E., Myrold, D.D. and Perry D. 1994. Dynamics of gross nitrogen transformation in an oldgrowth forest: the carbon connection, Ecology, 75:880-891.
21
Haynes, R.J. and Williams P.H. 1999. Influences of stock camping behaviour on the soil microbiological and biochemical properties of grazd pastoral soils, Biology and Fertility of Soils, 28:253-258.
22
Kojola I., Helle, T. and Huhta E. 1998. Poron laidunnuksen ja metsapalojen vaikutukset maaperan selkarangat tomien lukumaariin, In: Hypponen, M., Penttila, T. and Poikajarvi, H., Poron vaikutus metsa – ja tunturiluonnossa, Metsantutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja, 678:20-24.
23
Kurz I., Colin, D. and Tunney H. 2006. Impact of cattle on soil physical properties and nutrient concentrations in overland flow from pasture in Irland, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 113:378-390.
24
Li, Y. and Lindstorm M.J. 2001. Evaluating soil quality-soil redistribution relationship on terraces and steep hillslope, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J, 65:1500-1508.
25
Reuss, J.O. and Johnson D.W. 1986. Acid deposition and the acidification of soils and waters, Ecological Studies 59, Springer Verlag, New Tork.
26
Rutigliano F.A., De Marco A.D., Ascoli C.S., Gentile A., Virzo, De. and Santo A. 2007. Impact of fire on fugal abundance and microbial efficiency in C assimilation and mineralization in a Mediterranean maquis soil, BiolFertil Soils, 44:377-381.
27
Sing R.S., Tripathi, N. and Singh S.K. 2007. Impact of degredation on nitrogen transformation in a forest ecosystem of India, Environ Monit Assess, 125:165-173.
28
Sing, J.S. and Kashyap A. 2007. Variations in soil N-mineralization and nitrification in seasonally dry tropical forest and savanna ecosystems in Vindhyan region, India, Tropical Ecology, 48(1):27-35.
29
Van Groningen J.W.,Velthof G.L., Van der Bolt F.J., Vos, A. and Kuikman P. 2005. Seasonal variation in N2O emissions from urine patches: effect of urin concentration, soil compaction and dung, Plant and Soil, 273:15-27.
30
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31
Wells, K.L. and Dougherty C.T. 1997. Soil management for intensive grazing, Soil science, Vol.18, no.2.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Efficiencies of MUSLE-S, MUSLT, USLE-M and AOF Models for Storm-wise Sediment Yield Estimation in Standard Plats (Case Study: Sefiddasht Research Site of Semnan)
Soil erosion and sediment production are among most important problems in developing countries including Iran. In this study it has been endeavored that applicability of four (AOF, MUSLE-S, MUSLT and USLE-M) models is investigated in Srfiddasht Research Site, Semnan province, at event scale to estimate the sediment. For this, all required variables and inputs of the model have been calculated in the watershed and the estimations from considering statistical models with measured sediments of 15 cloudbursts have been compared. The results for t-student correlation test showed that there is no significant difference (at 1%) between MUSLT, MUSLE-S models and measured sediment. Based on these, it can be said that in this study, the results from these two models have higher accuracies to estimate the sediment from cloudbursts than other methods. Also, the results of evaluation and efficiency of the model using Nash-Suttcliffe criterion and root relative mean squared error (RRMSE) statistic showed that MUSLE-S and MUSLT models have higher efficiencies than other models and inefficiencies of USLE-M and AOF models to estimate sediments from cloudburst have been confirmed in the studied research station in this study.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37829_45947b7e77805ac04256df5fc2a03f23.pdf
2014-10-23
787
794
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.25397
Sediment production
Empirical Models
Sefiddasht Research Site
Semnan Province
M.
Kargar
majidkargar40@yahoo.com
1
Islamic Azad University, Nour Branch
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Javadi
javadi.desert@gmail.com
2
AUTHOR
S.A.A.
Hashemi
hashemiaa12@gmail.com
3
Agricultural and Natural Resources Center, Semnan Province
AUTHOR
1- پورقاسمی ح.ر. 1386. ارزیابی رابطه جهانی فرسایش خاک و نسخ آن در برآورد رسوب رگبارها در کاربری های مختلف، سمینار کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکه منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 52 ص.
1
2- رحمتی س. 1391. ارزیابی و کارایی رابطه جهانی فرسایش خاک و برخی از نسخ آن در در برآورد رسوب از رگبارهای منفرد. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد رشته آبخیزداری. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نور.
2
3- رضایی فر م.، تلوری ع.ر. و عرب خدری م. 1380. بررسی کارایی MUSLE در براورد رسوب رویدادهای منفرد در زیر حوضچه افچه در حوزه لتیان. همایش ملی مدیریت اراضی فرسایش خاک و توسعه پایدار. اراک، 4-2 بهمن، صفحات 534-542 .
3
4- صادقی س.ح.ر. 1384 مقایسه برخی از روشهای برآورد فرسایندگی باران. مجله علوم و صنایع کشاورزی 19: صفحات 45-52 .
4
5- صادقی س.ح.ر.، پورقاسمی م.، محمدپور ح. و آقارضی ح. 1387 . ارزیابی دقّت و کارایی رابطه جهانی فرسایش و برخی از نسخ آن در برآورد رسوب رگبارهای منفرد (مطالعه موردی: ایستگاه تحقیقات منابع طبیعی خسبیجان، اراک). مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، سال (12) شماره 46 (الف): 323-334 .
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6- علیزاده ا. 1380. هیدرولوزی کاربردی. انتشارات دانشگاه امام رضا.
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7- غلامی ل. 1386. تهیّه مدل برآورد تولید رسوب رگبارها در بخشی از حوزه آبخیز قشلاق استان کردستان. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد رشته آبخیزداری. دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
7
8- Kinnell P.I.A. 2004. Agriculture non point source pollution model using the USLE- M. AGNPS-UM User,s Guide, University of Canberra, Australia.
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9- Kinnell P.I.A. and Risse L.M. 1998. USLE-M: Empirical modeling rainfall erosion runoff and sediment concentration, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 62: 1667-1672.
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10- Nash J.E. and Sutcliff J.V. 1970. River flow forecasting through conceptual models. Part I: a discussion of principles. Hydrol. 10: 282-290.
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11- Olivares B.K., Vargas D.L. and Silva O. 2011. Evaluation Of The USLE Model to Estimate Water Erosion in an Alfisol. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr, 11 (2): 73 - 86.
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12- Onstad C.A. and Foster G.R. 1975. Erosion modeling on a watershed. Trans. ASAE. 18(2): 288-292.
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13- Pongsai S., Schmidt D.V., Rajendra P., Shrestha R., Clemente S. and Eiumnoh A. 2010. Calibration and validation of the Modified UniversalSoil Loss Equation for estimating sediment yield on sloping plots: A case study in Khun Satan catchment of northern Thailand. Can. J. Soil Sci. 90: 585-596.
13
14- Sadeghi S.H.R., Singh J.K. and Das G. 2004. Efficacy of annual soil erosion models for storm-wise sediment prediction. Iran Intl Agric Eng J, 13(1&2): 1-14.
14
15- Sadeghi S.H.R., Mizuyama T. and Ghaderi B. 2007a. Conformity of MUSLE estimates and erosion plot data for storm-wise sediment yield estimation. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 18(1):117-128.
15
16- Williams J.R. and Berndt H.D. 1977. Sediment yiled prediction based on watershed hydrology. TransASAE,20(6): 1100-1104.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Organic Fertilizers Application on Yield Components of Two Wheat Cultivars
This investigation was conducted in order to evaluate the direct effects of organic and bio - fertilizers on yield components of two native wheat cultivars, Bolani and cross - Bolani. The experiment conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatment includes fertilizer factor: vermicompost (F1), vermicompost + compost (F2), vermicompost + mycorrhiza (F3), compost + vermicompost + mycorrhiza (F4), compost (F5), mycorrhiza + compost (F6), mycorrhiza (F7) and control (no fertilizer application F8) and cultivar factor includes two cultivar Bolani (C1) and cross - Bolani (C2). The results showed that the interaction effect of combined treatments (F7C2) of high yield (1.13 g.pot-1) obtained. The treatment combination (F7C2) of (0.355) was highest harvest index. The high correlation between weight per plant with plant height, spike length, grain yield and harvest index were observed. Generally the combined application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza cultivar cross - Bolani is more suitable for grain production.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37834_53c44f207e3763daf799810776d848b8.pdf
2014-10-23
795
803
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.26786
Vermicompost
Compost
Mycorrhiza
wheat
Ahmad
Gholamalizadeh Ahangar
ahangar@uoz.ac.ir
1
University of Zabol
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
Kermanizadeh
basirakermanizadeh@yahoo.com
2
Zabol University
AUTHOR
S.K.
Sabbagh
sk.sabbagh@uoz.ac.ir
3
Zabol University
AUTHOR
A.
Sirousmehr
asirousmehr@uoz.ac.ir
4
Zabol University
AUTHOR
1- زادوریان گ.، خدارحمی م.، امینی ا.، و مصطفوی خ. 1390. بررسی تاثیر تنش شوری ناشی از کلرید سدیم بر بیوماس ارقام تجارتی گندم نان در مرحله گیاهچهای. جلد 7. شماره 1. 83-69.
1
2- زارع زرگر ج. 1389. اثر کم آبیاری بر ویژگیهای کمی و کیفی سه رقم ماش. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل. 101-47.
2
3- سرمدنیا غ.، و کوچکی ع. 1369. فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد. 467 صفحه.
3
4- عبد میشانی س.، و بوشهری ش.ن. 1377. اصلاح نباتات تکمیلی، جلد دوم (بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی). انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
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6- کوچکی ع.، راشد محصل م.ح.، نصیری م.، و صدرآبادی ر. 1374. مبانی فیزیولوژیکی رشد و نمو گیاهان زراعی (ترجمه). چاپ سوم . انتشارات دانشگاه امام رضا. مشهد، 230-228.
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8- میرآخوری م.، پاک نژاد ف.، اردکانی م.، پازکی ع.، ناظری پ.، و جهرمی م. 1388. ارزیابی اثر تنش خشکی بر مقدار پروتئین و روغن دانه، سرعت و دوره پرشدن دانه سویا (L17). مجله تنشهای محیطی در علوم کشاورزی. جلد 2. شماره 2. 183- 171.
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9- Adediran J.A., Taiwo L.B., Akande R.A., Sobulo M.O. and Idowu O.J. 2004. Application of organic and inorganic fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 27: 1163 - 1181.
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11- Anon Y. 2006. Annual report of agriculture in 2004- 2005. Statistics and information technology office. Ministory of gihad-e-Agricalture, Iran- Tehran.
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12- Arancon N.Q., Edwards A., Cannon J. and Galvis P. 2008. Influences of vermicomposts, produced by earthworms and microorganisms from cattle manure, food waste and paper waste, on the germination, growth and flowering of petunias in the greenhouse. Applied Soil Ecology, 39: 91 – 99.
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14- Atiyeh R.M., Subler S., Edwards C.A., Bachman G. and Metzger J. D. 2000. Effects of vermicomposts and composts on plant growth in horticultureal container media and soil. Pedobiologia, 47: 741 - 744.
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15- Behera U.K., Sharma A.R. and Pandey H.N. 2007. Sustaining productivity of wheat-soyabean cropping system through integrated nutrient management practices on the vertisols of central India. Plant Soil, 297: 185 - 199.
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16- Cavender N.D., Atiyeh R.M. and Knee M. 2003. Vermicompost stimulates mycorrhizal colonization of roots of sorghum bicolor at the expense of plant growth. Pedobiologia, 47: 85-89.
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17- Dominguez J., Edwards C.A. and Subler S. 1997. A comparison of vermicomposting and composting. BioCycle, 38: 57 - 59.
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18- Edwards C.A. and Neuhauser E.F. 1998. Earthworm in waste and environmental management. Earthworm casting as plant growth media. The Hague, The Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing.
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19- Ghosh P.K., Ramesh P., Bandyopadhaya K.K., Tripathi A.K., Hati K.M., Misra A.K and Acharya C. L. 2004. Comparative effectiveness of cattle manure, poultry manure,phosphocompost and fertilizer-NPK on three cropping systems in vertisols of semi-arid tropics. I. Crop yields and system performance. Bioresource Technology, 95: 77-83.
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20- Jackson A., Jakobsen I. and Jensen E.S. 1992. Hyphal transport of N-labelled nitrogen by a vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and its effect on depletion of inorganic soil N. New Phytologist, 123: 61 - 68.
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21- Lewis J.D. and Koide R. 1990. Phosphorus supply , mucorrhizal infection and plant off spring vigour. Functional Ecology, 4: 695-702.
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23- Marschner H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. London, UK: Academic Press.
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24-Orozco F.H., Cegarra J., Trujillol M. and Roig A. 1996. Vermicomposting of coffee, pulp using the earthworm (Eisenia fetida): effects on C and N contents and the availability of nutrients. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 22: 162 - 166.
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25- Rejali F., Alizadeh A., Malakuti M. and Salehrastin N. 2007. Effect of mycorrhiza symbiotic relationship arbescular on growth, yield and nutrient uptake in wheat plants under drought stress. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, 21(2): 241 - 259.
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26- Rilling M.C., Wright S.F. and Eviner V. 2002, The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin soil aggregation comparing effects of five plant species.Plant and Soil, 228: 325-33.
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27- Sangwan P., Garg V.K. and Kaushik C.P. 2010. Growth and yield response of marigold to potting media containing vermicompost produced from different wastes. Environmentalist, 30: 123 - 130.
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28- Shi-Wei Z. and Fu-Zhen H. 1991. The nitrogen uptake efficiency from 15N labeled chemical fertilizer in the presence of earthworm manure (cast). In: Veeresh, G. K., Rajagopal, D., Viraktamath,(eds) Advances in Management and Conservation of Soil Fauna. Oxford and IBH publishing Co., New Delhi, Bombay, pp: 539 - 542.
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30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of Soil and Plant Water Balance and Its Critical Stages for Rainfed Wheat Using Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI)
In order to determination of water stress threshold and dryland wheat genotypes water status in different nitrogen managements, this experiment was carried out in split split plot RCBD design in three replications in 2010-2011 cropping year. Treatments included: N application time (whole fertilization of N at planting time , and its split fertilization as 2/3 at planting time and 1/3 in early spring), N rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) and 7 wheat genotypes. Also these genotypes were grown in supplemental irrigation condition for calculation of crop water stress index (CWSI) parameters. Canopy temperature (Tc) was measured in flowering and early milking stages. Crop water stress index (CWSI) was calculated. A non-water stressed baseline (lower baseline) were fitted as Tc-Ta=4.523-3.761×VPD; R2=0.92 and non-transpiring baseline (upper baseline) determined 6 ºC for rainfed wheat genotypes. Water stress threshold was 0.4 and crossing of that occurred 8 days before heading stage. In water stress threshold boundary, was depleted 60 mm available water from 0 to 50 cm soil depth. There was negative significant relationship (p >0.01) between CWSI and grain yield in all treatments and different nitrogen rates. Nitrogen application reduced water stress and increased grain yield of rainfed wheat genotypes. Ohadi and Rasad genotypes showed highest resistance to water stress and high grain yield production for N30 in split and planting time application, respectively. Cereal4 and Rasad genotypes were suitable for N60 application in split and planting time application, respectively.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37839_44b1c842272dbb8155a1e231dafac42e.pdf
2014-10-23
804
817
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.29119
Crop water stress index (CWSI)
Water stress threshold
Soil and plant water balance
Nitrogen
Rainfed wheat genotypes
V.
Feiziasl
vfeiziasl@yahoo.com
1
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Fotovat
afotovat@um.ac.ir
2
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
A.
Astaraei
astaraei@um.ac.ir
3
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
A.
Lakzian
lakzian@um.ac.ir
4
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
M.A.
Mousavi Shalmani
amoosavi@nrcam.org
5
Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic energy organization, Karaj
AUTHOR
1- اسکندری ا. و محمودی ح. 1379. اثر جایگذاری کود بر عملکرد گندم دیم. مجله بهنژدای نهال و بذر. جلد 2، شمار 17. ص 215-203.
1
2- تدین م. و امام ی. 1386. اثر آبیاری تکمیلی و مقدار فراهمی آب بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک دو رقم گندم دیم. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. جلد 11، شماره 42. ص 156-145.
2
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55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance of Cationic Surfactant Modified Sepiolite and Bentonite in Lead Sorption from Aqueous Solutions
The remediation of soils and water contaminated with heavy metals generate a great need to develop efficient adsorbents for these pollutants. This study reports the sorption of lead (Pb) by bentonite (Bent), and sepiolite (Sep), that were modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium (CTMA+) organic cations. The natural and surfactant modified clays (organo-clays) were characterized with some instrumental techniques including XRF, XRD, FTIR and SEM. Sorption studies were performed in a batch system, and the effects of various experimental parameters including contact time and initial Pb concentration were evaluated upon the Pb sorption onto sorbents. Maximum sorption of Pb was found to be, 83.26, 71.36, 56.25 and 37 mg g-1 for Sep, CTMA-Sep, Bent and CTMA-Bent adsorbents, respectively. The Pb sorption data were fitted to both the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The Freundlich model represented the sorption process better than the Langmuir model. Lead sorption rate was found to be considerably slower for organo-clays than that for unmodified clays. Sorption kinetics was evaluated by pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models. The sorption processes of organo-clays followed intraparticle diffusion kinetics. The results showed that the cationic surfactant modified bentonite and sepiolite sorbed less Pb than the unmodified clays.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37844_09183634a36f9a54474de438c0ab5af5.pdf
2014-10-23
818
835
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.29853
Pb sorption
Langmuir isotherm
CTMA Surfactant
bentonite
Sepiolite
H.R.
Rafiei
rafiee.84@gmail.com
1
sfahan University of Technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Shirvani
shirvani@cc.iut.ac.ir
2
sfahan University of Technology
AUTHOR
T.
Behzad
tbehzad@cc.iut.ac.ir
3
sfahan University of Technology
AUTHOR
- سعدانی م.، غلامی م.، غدیری س.، شجاع ا. و ابویی مهریزی ا. 1392. بررسی ایزوترم و سینتیک جذب سرب و کادمیم از شیرابه زباله توسط جاذب های طبیعی. مجله تحقیقات نظام سلامت 9 (10): 1107-1094.
1
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2
3- Bakhtiary S., Shirvani M., and Shariatmadari H. 2013. Characterization and 2,4-D adsorption of sepiolite nanofibers modified by N-cetylpyridinium cations. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 168:30–36.
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47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance Evaluation of Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) in Forecasting Precipitation in two Arid and Hyper arid Regions
One of the most important problems in the management and planning of water resources is to forecast long-term precipitation in arid region and hyper arid regions. In this study, statistical downscaling model (SDSM) is used for study of climate change effects on precipitation. The data used as input to the Model are daily precipitation of Kerman and Bam synoptic stations, NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) data and the A2 and B2 emission scenarios HadCM3 for the reference period (1971-2001). Using HadCM3 A2, B2 data the precipitation for three period (2010-2039), (2040-2069) and (2070-2099) are predicted and compared with the reference period. We used the first 15 years data (1971-1985) for the calibration and the second 15 years data (1986-2001) for model validation. Research results showed that the precipitation will change and Change directions are positive in some months and negative in other months. After the examination function Indexes results from SDSM model shown that this model has better accuracy and a high ability to predict precipitation in arid region than hyper arid region.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37847_e3d452273918ae7428aefbfb06a6595f.pdf
2014-10-23
836
845
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.23119
Precipitation
Bam
Climate change
Kerman
SDSM Model
M.
Rezaei
maryamm_rezaei@yahoo.com
1
University of Zabol
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Nohtani
m_nohtani@yahoo.com
2
University of Zabol
AUTHOR
A.
Moghaddamnia
a.moghaddamnia@ut.ac.ir
3
University of Tehran
AUTHOR
A.
Abkar
abkar804@yahoo.com
4
Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center
AUTHOR
M.
Rezaei
mrezaei@cse.shirazu.ac.ir
5
University of Sistan and Baluchestan
AUTHOR
1- پورمحمدی س.، و رحیمیان م.ح. 1389. مقایسه اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر بارندگی سواحل شمالی و جنوبی کشور. اولین همایش ملی مدیریت منابع آب اراضی ساحلی، 18-17 آذرماه 1389، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابعطبیعی ساری. 9 ص.
1
2- خام چین مقدم ف.، و رضائی پژند ح. 1388. نقد روش اقلیم بندی دومارتن برای بارش حداکثر روزانه در ایران به کمک روش گشتاورهای خطی. مجله فنی مهندسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مشهد. 2 (2):103-93.
2
3- خسروی م.، و شکیبا ه. 1389. پیشبینی بارش با استفاده از شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی به منظور مدیریت سیل: مورد منطقه ایرانشهر. مجموعه مقالات چهارمین کنگره بین المللی جغرافیادانان جهان اسلام، 27-25 فروردین ماه، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان. 21 ص.
3
4- دهقانی پور ا.ح.، حسن زاده م.ج.، عطاری ج.، و عراقی نژاد ش. 1390. ارزیابی توانمندی مدل SDSM در ریز مقیاس نمایی بارش، دما و تبخیر، مطالعه موردی: تبریز. یازدهمین سمینار سراسری آبیاری و کاهش تبخیر، 20-18بهمن ماه، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان. 9 ص.
4
5- رجبی ا. 1390. آنالیز عدم قطعیت تغییر اقلیم توسط مدل SDSM در کرمانشاه. چهارمین کنفرانس مدیریت منابع آب ایران، 13 و 14 اردیبهشت 1390، دانشگاه صنعتی امیر کبیر. 12 ص.
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6- سادات آشفته پ. و مساح بوانی ع.ر. 1389. تأثیر تغییر اقلیم بر دبیهای حداکثر، مطالعه موردی: حوضه آیدوغموش، استان آذربایجانشرقی. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابعطبیعی، علوم آب و خاک. 14 (53):39-25.
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7- سرافروزه ف.، جلالی م.، جلالی ط. و جمالی ا. 1391. ارزیابی اثرات تغییر اقلیم آینده بر مصرف آب محصول گندم در تبریز. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی فضای جغرافیایی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهر. 12(37): 96-81.
7
8- عباسی ف.، ملبوسیان ش.، بابائیان ا. و اثمری م. 1389. پیشبینی تغییرات اقلیمی خراسان جنوبی در دوره 2039-2010 میلادی با استفاده از ریزمقیاس نمایی آماری خروجی مدل ECHO_G. نشریه آب و خاک (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی). 24 (2):233-218.
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9- عباسی ف. و اثمری م. 1390. پیشبینی و ارزیابی تغییرات دما و بارش ایران در دهههای آینده با الگوی MAGICC-SCENGEN، نشریه آب و خاک. 25 (1):83-70.
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10- عزیزی ق.، شمسی پور ع.ا. و یار احمدی د. 1387. بازیابی تغییر اقلیم در نیمه غربی کشور با استفاده از تحلیلهای آماری چندمتغیره. مجله پژوهشهای جغرافیایی طبیعی. 66: 35-19.
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11- علیزاده ا. 1381. اصول هیدرولوژی کاربردی. ویرایش چهارم. انتشارات آستان قدس رضوی. مشهد.
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13- مساح بوانی ع. و مرید س. 1384. اثرات تغییر اقلیم بر جریان رودخانه زاینده رود. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. 9(4): 17-27.
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14- مساح بوانی ع. و هراتیان عرب. 1390. بررسی روند تغییر اقلیم در دوره زمانی 2069-2040 میلادی با استفاده از ریزگردانی اماری دادههای مدل گردش عمومی HadCM3 در شهر همدان. چهارمین کنفرانس مدیریت منابع آب ایران. 13 و 14 اردیبهشت ماه، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر. 12 ص.
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Fluctuation Patterns Similarity in Temperature and Vapor Pressure Using Discrete Wavelet Transform
Period and trend are two main effective and important factors in hydro-climatological time series and because of this importance, different methods have been introduced and applied to study of them, until now. Most of these methods are statistical basis and they are classified in the non-parametric tests. Wavelet transform is a mathematical based powerful method which has been widely used in signal processing and time series analysis in recent years. In this research, trend and main periodic patterns similarity in temperature and vapor pressure has been studied in Babolsar, Tehran and Shahroud synoptic stations during 55 years period (from 1956 to 2010), using wavelet method and the sequential Mann-Kendall trend test. The results show that long term fluctuation patterns in temperature and vapor pressure have more correlations in the arid and semi-arid climates, as well as short term oscillation patterns in temperature and vapor pressure in the humid climates, and these dominant periods increase with the aridity of region.
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37849_b375b0747d01fe8a9653928e626ab86e.pdf
2014-10-23
846
854
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.25072
Wavelet transform
Fluctuation pattern
Mann-Kendall
A.
Araghi
alireza_araghi@yahoo.com
1
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Mousavi Baygi
mousavib@um.ac.ir
2
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
S.M.
Hasheminia
s.m.hasheminia@gmail.com
3
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Trend Analysis of Monthly and Annual Mean Temperature of the Northern Half of Iran Over the Last 50 Years
The temperature is one of the essential elements in formation of climate and its changes can alter the climate of each region, Therefore study of temperature changes at different spatial and temporal scales is devoted a large part of research to climatology. The mean temperature changes of the northern half area of Iran (18 Synoptic stations) in monthly or annual scales (1961-2010) are tested with using non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and elimination of all auto-correlation coefficients. To determine the slope of temperature gradient, the Sen’s slope estimation method was used. The results showed that 61% of the stations have experienced a significant increase in annual scale, in expect of Urmia, Zanjan, Qazvin and Gorgan stations. Arak is also a significant decrease, Torbate Heydarie and Saghez have experienced non-significant negative trend in annual scale. In monthly scale, number of months with increasing trend was greater than decreasing trend. April, September and October have significant increasing trend in most stations. December has lowest changing in compare with others. In conclusion, the studied temperature area in past half century 1.15 C is increased
https://jsw.um.ac.ir/article_37853_381ce5552662c270a2e15c70b543bb56.pdf
2014-10-23
855
865
10.22067/jsw.v0i0.29721
Mann-Kendall test
Auto-Correlation
Trend
Sen’s Slope
F.
Ahmadi
f.ahmadi@scu.ac.ir
1
Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Radmanesh
freidon_radmanesh@yahoo.com
2
Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
اسمعیل پور م.، و دین پژوه ی. 1391. تحلیل بلند مدت تبخیر تعرق پتانسیل در حوضه جنوبی ارس. مجله جغرافیا وبرنامه ریزی محیطی، جلد 47، شماره 3، صفحات 210-193.
1
2- دودانگه ا.، عابدی کوپایی ج.، و گوهری ع. 1391. کاربرد مدل های سری زمانی به منظور تعیین روند پارامتر های اقلیمی در آینده در راستای مدیریت منابع آب. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی (علوم آب و خاک). 16(59): 74-59.
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3- علیجانی ب.، محمودی پ.، سلیقه م.، ریگی جاهی ا. 1390. بررسی تغییرات کمینه ها و بیشینه های سالانه دما در ایران. فصلنامه تحقیقات جغرافیایی، جلد 26، شماره 3، صفحات 122-101.
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