پایش خشکسالی بر مبنای شاخص بارش- تبخیر و تعرق استاندارد شده (SPEI) تحت تأثیر تغییر اقلیم

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• حمید زارع ابیانه ¹
• محمد قبائی سوق ²
• ابوالفضل مساعدی ³

¹ دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

² دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان

³ دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v0i0.36472

چکیده

ویژگی‌های خشکسالی به عنوان یکی از وقایع محیطی، در دوره‌های آتی ممکن است تحت تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی تغییر نماید. در این تحقیق با بررسی شاخص‌های بارش- تبخیر و تعرق استاندارد شده (SPEI)، شناسائی خشکسالی (RDI) و بارش استاندارد شده (SPI)، از شاخص SPEI برای پایش وضعیت خشکسالی ایستگاه سینوپتیک همدان تحت تأثیر تغییر اقلیم در دهه‌های آتی استفاده شده‌است. بدین منظور دورة
2010-1981 به عنوان دورة پایه انتخاب و شبیه‌سازی شرایط اقلیم آتی بر مبنای سناریوهای انتشار A1B، A2 و B1 و اجرای گروهی داده‌های 5 مدل گردش عمومی جو با استفاده از مدل LARS-WG5 در دوره آماری 2040-2011 انجام شد. با شبیه‌سازی مقادیر بارش و دما، شاخص‌های SPEI، RDI و SPI در مقیاس‌های زمانی سالانه و هم‌چنین 1 و 3 و 6 ماهه (کوتاه‌مدت) و 12، 18 و 24 ماهه (بلندمدت) برای دوره‌های پایه و آتی محاسبه و ارتباط بین آن‌ها بررسی گردید. در ادامه، با پایش وضعیت‌های رطوبتی از طریق شاخص SPEI، ویژگی‌های دوره‌های خشک و مرطوب بر مبنای تئوری ران استخراج و برای دوره‌های پایه و آتی با هم مقایسه شدند. نتایج شبیه‌سازی اجرای گروهی مدل‌ها نشان‌داد طی سه دهة آینده بر اساس نتایج سناریوی محتمل A2، دمای متوسط و بارش نسبت به دورة پایه به ترتیب 82/0 درجه سانتی‌گراد و 5/2 درصد افزایش می‌یابند. پایش وضعیت رطوبتی بر مبنای شاخص SPEI نیز نشان‌دهندة تغییرات زیاد شرایط رطوبتی در دهة اول پیش‌بینی، نسبت به دهه‌های دوم و سوم می‌باشد. هم‌چنین انتظار می‌رود در مقیاس‌های بلندمدت تعداد دوره‌های خشک کاهش و تداوم طولانی‌ترین دوره خشک و متعاقب آن حجم کمبودها نسبت به دورة پایه افزایش یابند. علاوه بر این انتظار می‌رود مجموع حجم مازادها در دوره‌های مرطوب نسبت به دوره پایه کاهش یابد که می‌تواند بیانگر افزایش کمبود رطوبتی در دهه‌های آتی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اجرای گروهی
• تغییر اقلیم
• تئوری ران
• خشکسالی
• شاخص بارش- تبخیر و تعرق استاندارد شده (SPEI)

20.1001.1.20084757.1394.29.2.10.5

عنوان مقاله [English]

Drought Monitoring Based on Standardized Precipitation Evaoptranspiration Index (SPEI) Under the Effect of Climate Change

نویسندگان [English]

• H. Zareabyaneh ¹
• M. GHobaeisoogh ²
• Abolfazl Mosaedi ³

¹ Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan

² Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan

³ Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Drought is a natural and recurrent feature of climate. The characterizations of it may change under the effect of climate change in future periods. During the last few decades a number of different indices have been developed to quantify drought probabilities. Droughts are caused by disruptions to an expected precipitation pattern and can be intensified by unusually high temperature values. Precipitation-based drought indices, including the Standardized precipitation index (SPI), cannot identify the role of temperature increase in drought condition and in addressing the consequences of climate change. Recently, two new standardized drought indices have been proposed for drought variability analysis on multiple time scales, the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI, Tsakiris et al., 2007) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI, Vicente-Serrano et al., 2010). The objective of this study is to evaluate the characterization of wet and dry periods under the effect of climate change according to SPEI index in synoptic station of Hamedan for the next thirty years (2011-2040).
Materials and Methods: In this study, the indices of SPEI, SPI and RDI were investigated and the SPEI index as a multiscalar and suitable index was used to detect, monitor, and explore the consequences of global warming on drought conditions in synoptic station of Hamedan (airport). For this purpose, the period of 1981-2010 was chosen as the base period and the simulation of the future climate variables were done based on A1B, A2 and B2 emissions scenarios and performance of multi model ensemble via LARS-WG5 model for the period of 2011-2040. The performance of the multi model ensemble was done by using five global climate models including IPCM4, MPEH5, HADCM3, GFCM21, and NCCCS in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (Semenov and Stratonovitch, 2010). By simulating the values of precipitation ,and the values of temperature and the values of estimated evapotranspiration , the values of SPEI, RDI and SPI indices were calculated annually and 1, 3 and 6 months (short- term period) and 12, 18 and 24 months (long- term period) time scales for the base period and the three next decades. Then, the relation among them was computed and investigated via correlation coefficient. Then, by monitoring the humidity condition via SPEI index, the characterization of wet and dry periods including period numbers, longest period, total deficit or surplus, and maximum deficit or surplus were derived based on Run theory and were comprised for the base period and three future decades.
Results and Discussion: Evaluation of LARS-WG5 model for base period showed that the model was able to simulate minimum and maximum temperatures and precipitation data with high accuracy based on statistic error and can be used to generate data for future years according to emission scenario. According to the simulated results of performance of multi model ensemble, the average values of mean temperature and precipitation will increase by 0.820C and 2.5 % for A2 scenario, respectively. In addition, the minimum and maximum temperatures have increased in all of the months according to the three scenarios in comparison with the base period. The correlation results between the investigated indices showed that the maximum and minimum of correlation can be observed between SPI & RDI and SPEI & SPI indices in the base period and future decade for each scenario, respectively. Drought assessment based on the SPEI index in the base period shows that the main drought episodes occurred in the 1999 to 2001 that were consistent with FAO report (2006). Comparison of wet and dry periods in relation to the base period showed that the number of dry periods will increase in time scales of 1 and 3 months and will decrease in other long-term time scales.
Conclusion: Climate change and its effects are among the main challenges of water resources management in the present century. In this study, the effects of this phenomenon on drought monitoring and change of characterizations were investigated. For this purposes, we used daily meteorological variables during thirty years (1981-2010) from Hamedan Synoptic station. The results of drought monitoring were based on SPEI index, and it revealed the high variability of humidity condition in the first decade of simulation in comparison with the second and third decades. This issue indicated that this decade requires more attention and management measurements. Also, according to the results of the derived characterization via Run theory, the number of dry periods will decrease and persistence of the longest dry period and consequently the volume of deficit will increase in the next three decades. In addition, the total volume surplus of wet periods will decrease in relation to the base period that can be interpreted as the increasing of moisture deficit in future decades The SPEI is based on precipitation and temperature data, and it has the advantage of combining multiscalar character with the capacity to include the effects of temperature variability on drought assessment. Thus, we recommend SPEI, as a suitable index for studying and identifying the effect of climate change on drought conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Climate change
• drought
• Multi Model Ensemble
• Run Theory
• Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)

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