اثر آبیاری بخشی منطقه ریشه و زئولیت بر کارایی مصرف آب و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک فلفل دلمه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• پروین دانش‌پژوه
• احمد رضا قاسمی
• محمدرضا نوری امامزاده‌ایی
• رحیم برزگر

دانشگاه شهرکرد

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v32i4.69640

چکیده

سهم بالای مصرف آب در بخش کشاورزی اهمیت پژوهش در این بخش را افزایش داده است. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تاثیر مصرف زئولیت و نحوه توزیع آن در خاک به همراه آبیاری بخشی منطقه ریشه (PRD) و کم آبیاری بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب فلفل‌دلمه‌ای در دانشگاه شهرکرد اجرا شد. این مطالعه در سه سطح آبیاری 100 درصد، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه به‌صورت آبیاری بخشی منطقه ریشه و کانی زئولیت در دو سطح شامل 2 و 4 درصد وزنی و به‌صورت پخش در یک و دو طرف گلدان اجرا شد. نتایج تحقیق بصورت طرح کاملا تصادفی و همچنین آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی تحلیل شدند. نتایج اختلاف معنی‌داری بین تیمار شاهد و صفات وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، وزن تر کل میوه و شاخص‌های شیمیایی ویتامین ث، pH، مواد جامد محلول، قطر میوه و غلظت کلروفیل a نشان داد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌ها نیز نشان داد که تغییرات وزن تر و قطر میوه‌ها در تمام تیمارها نسبت به شاهد کاهش معنی‌دار دارند. تعداد میوه نیز در کمآبیاری شدید (50 درصد) و وزن میوه در تمام تیمارها نسبت به شاهد کاهش معنی‌دار نشان داد. به عبارت دیگر استفاده از زئولیت در بیشترین سطح مورد بررسی (4 درصد) هم نتوانسته تاثیر منفی تنش خشکی را جبران کند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد روش PRD به همراه زئولیت و کمآبیاری منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار کارایی مصرف آب در تمام تیمارها شده است. بالاترین کارایی مصرف آب به میزان 110 درصد مربوط به تیمار 2 درصد زئولیت، کم‌آبیاری 50 درصد و پخش زئولیت در دو طرف گلدان و کمترین میزان افزایش کارایی مصرف آب نیز مربوط به دو تیمار 4 درصد زئولیت، کم‌آبیاری 75 درصد و پخش زئولیت در یک طرف گلدان و تیمار 2 درصد زئولیت، کم‌آبیاری 75 درصد و پخش زئولیت در دو طرف گلدان و به میزان 18 درصد (18 درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد) بدست آمد. تیمارهای با کم‌آبیاری 50 درصد دارای بالاترین مقدار کارایی مصرف آب می‌باشند که از بین این تیمارها، تیمار 4 درصد زئولیت، کم‌آبیاری 50 درصد و پخش زئولیت در دو طرف گلدان از نظر وزن‌تر میوه و تعداد میوه (دو پارامتر مهم در تولید فلفل دلمه‌ای) نیز نسبت به دیگر تیمارهای کم‌آبیاری 50 درصد شرایط بهتری دارد، بنابراین این تیمار به عنوان تیمار مناسب توصیه می‌گردد. نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند در افزایش راندمان تولیدات گلخانه‌ای بویژه در مناطق کم آب مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تولیدات گلخانه ای
• رطوبت
• شاخص های شیمیایی
• کم آبیاری
• PRD

20.1001.1.20084757.1397.32.4.3.3

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Partial Root-Zone Drying and Zeolite on Water Use Efficiency and Physiological Characteristics of Sweet Pepper

نویسندگان [English]

• P. Daneshpazhoh
• A. R. Ghasemi
• Mohamad reza Nori Emamzadeie
• R. Barzegar

Shahrekord University

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Optimal water utilization is one of the most important challenges of the present century. Due to limited water resources and the existence of alternate droughts in the country, optimal use of it is necessary. The deficit irrigation technique is one of the most effective and practical ways in which it can determine and justify the minimum water consumption with acceptable economic performance. Its use in reducing water consumption for biomass production and for irrigation of annual and perennial crops. To effectively apply water deficit management, an understanding of the effects of irrigation at different stages of vine growth is required. Partial Root-zone Drying (PRD) is also one of the new irrigation techniques over the past years. The results of many studies indicate that water use efficiency has increased and there is no significant reduction in the yield in this irrigation method. In this technique, only half of the roots are irrigated at each turn and the remaining half remains dry. On the other hand, in recent years, the use of natural minerals has improved in order to improve the physical and chemical composition of the soil, which leads to an increase in water holding capacity in the soil. One of the methods for increasing the water use efficiency is the application of water absorbent materials in soil. Super absorbent polymer increases the water saving in soil and decreases the amount of water used for irrigation. Zeolite is one of these minerals that increases the soil water holding capacity. So far, many studies have been carried out on the use of PRD, as well as the use of zeolite, but none has examined the effect of these two simultaneously. Therefore, in the present study, the efficiency of both above method and deficit irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of sweet pepper were investigated.
Materials and Methods: This research was carried out in a completely randomized design with 9 treatments and 4 replications in a greenhouse in Shahrekord University. This study was carried out at three levels of irrigation of 100%, 75% and 50% of the water requirement of the plant by Partial Root-zone Drying and zeolite in two levels of 2 and 4% by weight in the soil, in one and two sides of the pots with a height of 30 and diameter 28 cm. After preparing the culture medium, the F1 type Lummus seedlings were transferred to the pots. During the transfer of transplants into the pot, careful attention was paid to the fact that the roots were developed on both sides. Physiological parameters such as leaf area, total fresh and dry weight of the whole organ, total fresh weight of fruit, diameter and number of fruits and chemical indices including vitamin C, pH, total soluble solids and chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll with water use efficiency were measured and evaluated. In order to analyze the results, SAS software (version 1/9) was used. Mean comparison was also performed by LSD test.
Results and Discussion: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference in the 1% level for fresh and dry weight, fresh weight of fruit and chemical indices of vitamin C, pH and soluble solids, and a significant difference at 5% for diameter fruit and chlorophyll. The results of comparing the meanings showed that fresh weight and fruit diameter were significantly decreased in all treatments than control. The number of fruits in severe irrigation (50%) and in both levels of zeolite showed a significant decrease compared to control. Vitamin C value as an important indicator of fruit quality in all treatments was significantly higher than control, in other words water stress causes an increase in the amount of vitamin C in the fruit, and the amount of pH in the most treatments has decreased significantly compared to the control treatment.
Conclusion: Given that all important processes such as photosynthesis, nutrition, opening and closing of stomatal and plant growth and development are under the influence of water, most of the studied traits in this research (except chlorophyll) in zeolite-containing treatments, showed a significant advantage over non-consumption of zeolite. The results also showed that application of PRD method with zeolite in deficit irrigation resulted in significant increase in water use efficiency in all treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Chemical indicators
• Deficit irrigation
• Greenhouse products
• Moisture
• PRD

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