تأثیر پوشش‌های درختچه‌ای بر برخی ویژگی‌های خاک در یک اقلیم نیمه‌خشک

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

چکیده

درختچه­ها از مهم‌ترین اجزای اکوسیستم­های مرتعی به شمار می­آیند. با این حال مطالعات اندکی در خصوص تأثیر نوع پوشش­های درختچه­ای بر ویژگی­های خاک اکوسیستم­های مرتعی انجام شده است. در پژوهش حاضر، اثر پوشش درختچه­ای لور (Carpinus orientalis Miller.)، سرخه­ولیک (Crataegus microphylla C. Koch.)، زرشک (Berberis integerrima Bunge.)، آلوچه وحشی (Prunus spinosa L.) و سیاه تنگرس (Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. and C. A. Mey) بر برخی ویژگی­های خاک در بخش کوهستانی کیاکلا شهرستان نوشهر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. به­منظور انجام این پژوهش، تعداد 15 پایه از هر یک از گونه­های درختچه­ای اشاره شده انتخاب شد. در زیر تاج پوشش این گونه­ها، نمونه­های خاک از عمق صفر تا 10 سانتی­متری و در یک سطح 30 × 30 سانتی­متر برداشت و به آزمایشگاه انتقال داده شد. مطابق با یافته­های این پژوهش، بیشترین مقادیر ویژگی­های تخلخل، پایداری خاکدانه، محتوی رس، اسیدهای فولویک و هیومیک و سهم میکروبی در خاک زیر پوشش درختچه­ای لور مشاهده شد. در حالی‌که کم‌ترین مقادیر جرم مخصوص ظاهری، محتوی شن، شاخص­های نسبت رس و نسبت رس اصلاح شده، نسبت شن به سیلت و نسبت سیلت به رس به خاک تحت تاج­پوشش این گونه درختچه­ای اختصاص داشت. ویژگی­های ماده آلی، جرم مخصوص حقیقی و محتوی سیلت خاک تفاوت آماری معنی­داری در بین پوشش­های درختچه­ای مورد مطالعه نشان ندادند. نتایج این پژوهش مؤید آن است که وجود پوشش درختچه­ای لور می­تواند منجر به بهبود وضعیت ویژگی­های کیفیت خاک در مراتع کوهستانی شمال کشور گردد. در همین راستا پیشنهاد می­شود برای احیاء اراضی تخریب­یافته مرتعی در منطقه مورد مطالعه و همچنین مناطقی با شرایط اکولوژیکی مشابه، در کنار سایر گونه­های درختچه­ای بومی منطقه، توجه ویژه به استفاده از گونه لور برای حفاظت خاک گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Shrub Cover on Some Soil Properties in a Semi-arid Climate

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Sohrabzadeh
  • Y. Kooch
Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
  Shrub covers play a pivotal role in pasture ecosystems, exerting considerable influence on various biochemical processes that occur within the habitat and surface layers of the soil. Despite their significance, there is a scarcity of research exploring the impact of different types of shrubs covers on soil properties within pasture ecosystems. Consequently, this present study was undertaken to address this gap in knowledge and investigate the effects of shrub cover on soil characteristics specifically within a semi-arid climate, which is known for its delicate and vulnerable habitats. 
 
Materials and Methods
The implementation of this research involved the consideration of the mountainous region of Kiakola, Nowshahr city. The current investigation focused on assessing the impact of various shrubs, namely Carpinus orientalis Miller, Crataegus microphylla C. Koch, Berberis integerrima Bunge, Prunus spinosa L., and Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. and C. A. Mey, on specific soil properies within the mountainous area of Kiakla, Nowshahr city. To carry out this research, 15 sites were selected for each of the aforementioned shrub species. Soil samples were collected from under the canopy of these species, specifically at a depth of 0-10 cm and a surface area of 30 cm × 30 cm. A total of 75 soil samples were then taken to the laboratory for analysis. The samples were divided into two parts: one part underwent physical and chemical tests after air-drying and passing through a 2 mm sieve, while the other part was stored at 4 degrees Celsius for biological tests. The presence or absence of significant differences in soil properties related to the type of shrub cover under investigation was determined using a one-way analysis of variance test. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to establish the relationship between different soil characteristics within the studied shrub covers.
 
Results and Discussion
According to the findings of this investigation, alterations in the shrub species present in the examined pasture habitat resulted in modifications to the majority of soil quality properties. Nevertheless, no statistically significant disparity was observed in the quantity of soil organic matter. However, it is worth noting that the quantity of organic matter in the subsoil of Carpinus species exceeded that of the other examined shrubs. Carpinus and Crataegus shrubs were associated with the lowest values of bulk density, while the shrubs under investigation had no significant impact on soil particle density. Furthermore, the subsoil of the Carpinus shrub cover exhibited the highest values of soil porosity. In the studied area, the most stable soil aggregates were observed beneath the Carpinus and Rhamnus shrubs. The subsoil of Rhamnus and Carpinus shrubs exhibited the highest and lowest quantities of sand, respectively. Similarly, the subsoil of Carpinus and Rhamnus displayed the highest and lowest quantities of clay, respectively. The soil under Rhamnus displayed the highest ratio of CR and MCR indices, whereas the subsoil of Carpinus exhibited the lowest values of these indices. Fulvic and humic acids demonstrated the greatest values beneath the Carpinus, Crataegus, Berberis, Prunus, and Rhamnus shrubs, respectively, following a comparable pattern. Additionally, the subsoil of Carpinus exhibited the greatest quantity of microbial ratio, while the soil under Rhamnus displayed the lowest quantity of this characteristic. The outcomes of the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the quantity of organic matter, clay content, fulvic and humic acids, porosity, and stability of soil aggregate in the soil beneath Carpinus played a significant role in enhancing the soil microbial ratio of this shrub in comparison to the other shrubs.
 
Conclusion
 The findings of this investigation validate the capability of Carpinus foliage to ensure the conservation of soil quality indicators on the hilly grasslands of northern Iran. Therefore, it is proposed that restoration efforts be conducted in the designated region and other areas with similar ecological conditions. Additionally, it is recommended that special attention be given to the implementation of Carpinus and other indigenous shrub species to protect soil integrity.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carpinus orientalis
  • Microbial ratio
  • Organic acids
  • Organic matter
  • Shrub land

©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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