بررسی ظرفیت نگه‌داشت آب مالچ‌های نیشکری برای تثبیت شن‌های روان اهواز

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• تارا جمیلی ¹
• بیژن خلیل مقدم ¹
• احسان شهبازی ²

¹ دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان

² دانشگاه شهرکرد

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v29i5.32270

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثر مالچ آلی بر میزان نگه‌داشت آب شنهای روان حمیدیه اهواز می باشد. از جمله مواد آلی که می‌توان برای تولید مالچ آلی استفاده نمود، ویناس و فیلتر کیک (ضایعات نیشکر) می‌باشند و در حال حاضر به عنوان آلاینده آب اهواز محسوب می‌شوند. ویناس و فیلترکیک به همراه خاک رسی منطقه حمیدیه اهواز به عنوان مواد اولیه مالچ پاشی و شن روان به عنوان بستر در نظر گرفته شدند. سپس مخلوط این مواد با مقداری مشخص آب به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در آزمایشگاه با استفاده از مالچ پاش بر روی بستر شنهای روان پاشیده شد. با نمونه برداری از هر تیمار ظرفیت نگه داشت آب در لایه سطحی در مکش‌های 100، 333، 1000، 5000، 10000 و 15000 هکتو پاسکال با دستگاه صفحات فشاری اندازه گیری گردید. همچنین با استفاده از دستگاه پره برشی میزان مقاومت برشی خاک هر تیمار قرائت شد. نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف معنی داری (در سطح یک درصد) در میزان نگه‌داشت آب لایه سطحی بین تیمارها در مکش‌های مختلف وجود داشت. ولی در همه مکش‌ها میزان نگه‌داشت آب لایه سطحی تیمار 7 (250 گرم ویناس) تفاوت معنی داری با شن بستر نداشت و با افزایش مقدار ویناس میزان نگه‌داشت آب لایه سطحی کاهش و میزان مقاومت خاک افزایش یافت. بنابراین ویناس دلیل افزایش نگه‌داشت آب در لایههای زیر سطحی و مقاومت بیشتر در برابر نیروهای فرساینده به عنوان مالچ برتر برای تثبیت شن‌های روان اهواز توصیه گردیده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• فرسایش بادی
• فیلتر کیک
• ویناس

20.1001.1.20084757.1394.29.5.18.9

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Water Holding Capacity of Sugarcane Mulch for Sand Dune Stabilization in Ahvaz

نویسندگان [English]

• T. Jamili ¹
• B. Khalilimoghadam ¹
• E. Shahbazi ²

¹ Khozestan-Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources

² Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Breeding

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Wind erosion is one of the most serious problems in southwest Iran. Fine-grained structure of sand dunes with not enough strong composition and their low moisture retention property make them susceptible to wind erosion. They lack organic matter and are considered inherently of low fertility (Ahmadi, 2002). Studies have shown that non-erodible materials which include bentonite clay (Diouf et al., 1990), ureamelamine formaldehyde and urea–formaldehyde with 0.25% sodium chloride (Lahalih and Ahmed, 1998), acids, enzymes, lignosulfonates, polymers, tree resins (Santoni et al., 2001), waterborne polymer emulsion (Al-Khanbashi and Abdalla, 2006), polyvinyl alcohol and a polyvinyl acetate emulsion (Newman et al., 2005; Han et al., 2007), ash and polyacrylamide (Yang and Zejun, 2012).have significant potential in reducing wind erosion The area under farming of sugarcane in Khuzestan, Iran, is more than 130,000, ha. Vinasse and Filter Kike are two organic ingredients of sugarcane residues which are generated as byproduct materials insugarcane processing. In recent years these residues have been released into the environment and cause it regarded as water pollutant. Over 800,000 m3 of Vinasse is annually stored in each agro-industry. Vinasse also is rich in K, Ca, and Mg with moderate amounts of P and N,and non toxic complexes or heavy metals. Filter Kike is another residue produced in huge amounts by the agro-industry that is composed of cellulosic substances, CaCO3, N, P, K, organic matter, and clay. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the effect of sugarcane mulch on water holding capacity in soil. This study is performed to evaluate the feasibility of using sugarcane residues inproduce of ecofriendly mulches for environmental use. In order of achieving these goals, Vinase, Filter Cake, and clay soil from near the sand dunes were used as sugarcane mulches. Further comparison between traditional oil mulches and sugarcane mulches was also carried out.
Materials and Methods: The experiments were conducted in the soil laboratory of Khuzestan-Ramin University of Agricultural and Natural Resources. For this purpose, Vinasse and clay soil samples were used to make sugarcane mulches. Different quantities of Vinase, Filter Kike, and clay samples were mixed in water to select the best batch mix (by trial and error). A mulch sprayer was then used to spray the batch mixes on sand dune beds packed in trays 1054510cm. In addition, the same procedures were employed to choose an oil mulch treatment as control for comparison with sugarcane mulch treatments. Water holding capacity was measured in 100, 333, 1000, 5000, 10000, 15000 hPa suction by pressure plate and Macro elements ( N, P, K ) and microelements (Fe, Cu, Zn) were determined by conventional methods and atomic absorption in each treatment. Experiments were carried out using a factorial experiment with a completely random design in threereplicants.
Results and Discussion: The wide range of pH values obtained were dependent on the different batch mixes of Vinase, clay soil, and Filter Kike. Reaction (pH) of Vinase was lower (5.00) than those of Filter Kike (7.5) and soil (8.07). EC and SAR values of treatments were both affected by Vinase, soil, and Filter Kike. This could be due to the higher EC and the low level of SAR in Vinase in contrast to soil and Filter Kike. EC and SAR are two major chemical factors known to affect sand dune stabilization (Bresler, 1982). Based on Table 3, N, P, K, Fe, Zn, and Cu in sugarcane mulches varied from 0.15-0.66 (%), 10.82-28.46 (mg.Kg-1), 133.01-633.33 (meq.Li-1), 15.22-36.76 (mg.Kg-1), 2.19-2.93 (mg.Kg-1), and 0.92-4.1 (mg.Kg-1), respectively. The results revealed that sugarcane mulches are rich in N, P, and K that are essential in soil fertility.
The results determined that there was significant effect (p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Filtercake
• Vinasse
• Wind erosion

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