دوماه نامه

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی و ارزیابی سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری قطره­ای بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد، بهره­وری آب و مشخص نمودن مهم­ترین متغیر مستقل که بیش­ترین تغییرات در عملکرد و بهره­وری آب را موجب گردیده از یک سو و بررسی اثر متغیر مستقل حجم آب مصرفی بر دیگر متغیرهای این پژوهش از سوی دیگر، آزمایشی در دو سال زراعی 91-1390 و 90-1389 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بهبهان اجرا شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلـوک­های کامل تصادفی به­صورت کرت­های یک­بار خرد شده با 4 تکــرار اجرا گردید. مقدار آب در آبیاری قطره­ای نواری در چهار سطح 50، 75، 100 و 125 درصد نیازآبی در کرت­های اصلی و دو رقم Hyola 401 و RGS003 در کرت­های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل واریانس در مدل رگرسیون نشان داد که بیش­تر بودن قدرمطلق ضرایب بتا و آماره t هر متغیر مستقل موجب شد تا آن متغیر به عنوان حساس­ترین متغیر مستقل اثرگذار بر متغیر وابسته معرفی شود. لذا متغیر مستقل حجم آب مصرفی، با ضریب بتای 860/0 و آماره t به­میزان 246/13 بیش­ترین اثر را بر متغیر ارتفاع بوته داشت. در صفت عملکرد، متغیرهای مورد بررسی (تعداد خورجین در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین، و وزن هزار دانه، حجم آب مصرفی، دوره گل­دهی، دوره رشد و ارتفاع بوته) 1/74 درصد (741/0R2=) میزان نوسانات متغیر وابسته (عملکرد کلزا) را تبیین کردند. حجم آب مصرفی با بالاترین قدرمطلق ضریب بتای 563/0 و آماره t به­میزان 967/2 بیش­ترین اثر معنی­دار در سطح 1 درصد را بر عملکرد گذاشت. در بین متغیرهای وابسته، حجم آب مصرفی با بالاترین قدر مطلق ضریب بتای 013/1- و آماره t به­میزان 415/12- بیش­ترین اثر منفی و معنی­دار در سطح 1 درصد را بر بهره­وری آب گذاشت. عملکرد با ضریب بتای 427/0 و آماره t به­میزان 000/8 در رتبه­ی دوم اثرگذاری بر بهره­وری آب کلزا جای گرفت و این اثر در سطح 1 درصد معنی­دار بود. نتایج ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که بیش­ترین میزان همبستگی تعداد خورجین در بوته و دانه در خورجین هر دو با ارتفاع بوته به­ترتیب به میزان­های 763/0 و 849/0 محاسبه شدند که حاکی از موثر بودن افزایش ارتفاع بوته در افزایش تعداد خورجین در بوته و دانه در خورجین بود. تمامی صفات اجزای عملکرد همبستگی مثبتی با همدیگر داشتند که نشان می­دهد کاهش هر یک از این صفات می­تواند اثر زیان­باری بر عملکرد کلزا در مزرعه داشته باشند. با توجه به اهمیت دانه­های روغنی در کشور پیشنهاد می­گردد از نتایج این تحقیق به منظور شناسایی پارامترهای متغیر اثرگذار بر پارامترهای وابسته از جمله بهره­وری آب در کم­آبیاری قطره­ای گیاه کنجد نیز استفاده شود.    

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Different Levels of Drip Irrigation Water on Yield and Yield Components in Canola

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. Salamati 1
  • A. Danaie 2
  • V. Yaaghoobi 3

1 Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran

2 Seed and Plant lmprovement Department, Khuzestan. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Department Research Extension and Social, Khuzestan, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Drought stress is the most important environmental factor limiting growth and development of plants worldwide. Growth reduction due to drought stress has been reported more than other environmental stresses. So far, many studies have been conducted on the relationship and correlation between important agronomic traits in rapeseed, which have introduced 1000-grain weight, number of seeds per pod and number of pods per plant as the most important traits with high correlation in yield. The results showed that the application of drought stress had an effect on the yield components of sesame and the cultivars that were more sensitive to drought stress had a greater decrease in their yield. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the effect of consumed water volume as the independent variable on other variables of the study, and (2) the effect of total independent variables (yield components and other independent factors) on yield and water productivity (dependent variables). Finally, the most important independent variables affecting water productivity and the most sensitive variables to the amount of consumed water were determined.
Materials and Methods
In order to achieve aforementioned objectives of this study, an experiment was conducted during two growing season of 2011-2011 and 2010-2011 in Behbahan Agricultural Research Station. The experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The applied amount of water in drip irrigation was composed of four levels of 50, 75, 100 and 125% water requirement in main plots and two canola varieties Hyola 401 and RGS003 in sub plots were placed.
Results and Discussion
 The results of the analysis of variance of the regression model showed that the higher absolute value of beta coefficients and t-statistic of each independent variable caused that variable to be introduced as the most sensitive independent variable affecting the dependent variable. Therefore, the independent variable of water volume, with beta coefficient of 0.860 and t-statistic of 13.246 had the greatest effect on plant height variable. In terms of yield, the studied variables (the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, and 1000-seed weight, consumed water volume, flowering period, growth period and plant height) showed 74.1% of variation (R2 = 0.741) of dependent variable (Yield of canola). The consumed water volume with the highest absolute value of beta coefficient of 0.563 and t-statistic with 2.967 had the most significant effect on yield at the level of 1%. Among the dependent variables, the consumed water volume with the highest absolute value of beta -1.013 and t-statistic at -12.415 had the most significant effect on water productivity at the level of 1%. consumed of water volume with the highest absolute value of beta coefficient of 0.563 and t-statistic with 2.967 had the most significant effect on performance at the level of 1%. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the highest correlation between the number of pods per plant and seed per pod with both plant height were calculated to be 0.763 and 0.849, respectively, indicating that increasing plant height was effective in increasing the number of pods per plant and seed per pod.
Conclusion
The results of analysis of variance of regression model showed the effect on volume of consumed water as an dependent variable through other variables (number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, yield, water productivity, 1000-seed weight, flowering period, growth period and plant height). Results showed a significant effect of all variables at the level of 1%, except for the variable of flowering period which had a significant effect but just at 5%. The volume of consumed water by r= 66.2% on grain yield variation in the pods, had the most significant effect on yield components. Therefore, seed number in the pods received the most negative effect from reducing water consumption due to drought stress. With increasing the growth period of canola, water productivity showed a significant decrease at 1%. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that grain water productivity had a negative and significant correlation at the level of 1% with all variables. The highest correlation between water productivity (r = -0.939) was calculated with volume of consumed water, which indicates the importance of reducing water consumption in increasing canola water productivity.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Consumed of Water volume
  • Evapotranspiration
  • Plant height
  • Variety
  1. Abaspour R., and Yazdanpanah N. 2021. Determining the optimal irrigation interval for canola plant in surface and subsurface drip irrigation methods in Hajiabad region. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage 2(15): 444-454. (In Persian). https://dor.org/1001.1.20087942.1400.15.2.17.9.
  2. Afshari A., Haghighatjo P., Karandish F., Mohammadrezapour O., and Kouhestani SH. 2020. The effect of deficit irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of several main crops in Jiroft. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research 51(8): 2137-2148. (In Persian with English abstract). https://dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2020.284116.668336.
  3. Algan N., and Aygun H. 2001. Correlation between yield and yield components in some winter rape genotypes. The Journal of Ege University, Agricultural Faculty 38: 9-15.
  4. Allen R.G., Pereira L.S., Raes D., and Smith M. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, Rome, Italy.
  5. 2019. Agricultural statistics of crops. Crop year 2017-18. Statistics and Information Unit of the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture. (In Persian)
  6. Blum A. 2012. Plant breeding for water limited environments. Springer, New York, 2-57.
  7. Daneshmand A.R., Shirani-Rad A.H., Nrmoouhammadi Gh., Zareei Gh., and Daneshian J. 2008. Effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels on seed yield and seed quality of two rapeseed (Brassica napus) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 10(3): 244-261. (In Persian with English abstract)
  8. Dargahi Y., Asghari A.S., Rasulzadeh A., Aghaeifard Kh., and Ahmadian M. 2014. Effect of water deficit stress on yield, water use efficiency and harvest index of sesame (Sesamum indicum) Varites. Journal of Crop Breeding and Horticulture 2(2): 171-183. (In Persian)
  9. Eskandari H., ZehtabSalmasi S., and Ghasemi-Golozani K. 2010. Evaluation of water use efficiency and grain yield of sesame cultivars as a second crop under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Science 2(20): 39-51. (In Persian with English abstract)
  10. Farahza MN., Nazari B., Akbari MR., Naeini MS., and Liaghat A. 2020. Assessing the physical and economic water productivity of annual crops in Moghan plain and analyzing the relationship between physical and economic water productivity. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering 11(44): 166-179. (In Persian). https://dx.doi.org/10.22125/IWE.2020.120729.
  11. Ghosh D.C., and Mukhopadhyay D. 1994. Growth and productivity of Indian rapeseed ( compestris L.). Growth under short and mild winter condition of west Bengal. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 28: 239-244.
  12. Ivanovska S., Stojkovski C., Dimov Z., Jeromela A.M., Jankulovska M., and Jankuloski L. 2007. Interrelationship between yield and yield related of spring canola (Brassica napus) genotypes. Fenetika 39(3): 325-332.
  13. Jeromela A.M., Marinkovic R., Mijic A., Zdunic Z., and Jankulovska M. 2008. Correlation and path analysis of quantitative traits in winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus 73(1): 13-18.
  14. Kassab OM., Mehanna H.M., and Boelill A. 2012. Drought impact on growth and yield of some sesame varieties. Applied Sciences Research 8(8): 4544-4551.
  15. Kazi B.R., Oad F.C., G. Jamro H., Jamil L.A., and Lakho A.A. 2002. Correlation study between irrigation frequencies and brassica plant character. Journal of Applied Sciences 6: 625-627. https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2002.625.627.
  16. Marjanovic-Jeromela A., Marinkovic R., Mijic A., Jankulovska M., and Zdunic Z. 2007. Interrelationship between oil yield and other quantitative traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus). Journal of Central European Agriculture 8(2): 165-170.
  17. Mehrabi Z., and Ehsan Zadeh P. 2010. Investigation of the effect of drought stress on grain yield and yield components of four sesame cultivars February 16th,. Fifth National Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture. Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Faculty of Agriculture. (In Persian)
  18. Naeemi M., Akbari Gh , Shirani Rad A.H., Modares Sanavi S.A.M., Sadat Nuri S.A., and Jabari H. 2008. Evaluation of drought tolerance in different Canola cultivars based on stress evaluation indices in terminal growth duration. Electronic Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology 1: 83-98.
  19. Pasban Eslam B. 2008. Effects of planting date on yield and its components of fall cultivars of rapeseed in late season cultivation. Research final report. No. 87.75. Research, Education and Extension Organization. (In Persian). https://dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijfcs.2013.30479.
  20. Rosta baghi B., Dehghani H., Alizadeh B., and Sabaghnia N. 2012. Variation and evaluation of the relationship between yield and yield components of rapeseed using multivariate methods. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 2: 53-62. (In Persian)
  21. Saeidi A., Tohidi Nezhad E., Ebrahimi F., Mohammadi-Nejad G., and Shirzadi M.H. 2012. Investigation of water stress on yield and some yield components of sesame genotypes in Jiroft region. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 8(1): 243-246.
  22. Shokoufar A.R., and Yaghoobinejad S. 2012. The effect of drought stress on yield components of Sesame (Sesumum indicum ) cultivars. Journal of Agriculture and Plant Breeding 8(4): 19-29. (In Persian with English abstract)
  23. Tuncturk M., and Siftci V. 2007. Relationships between yield and some yield components in rapeseed (Brassica napus ) cultivars by using correlation and path analysis. Pakistan Journal of Botany 39: 81-84.32.
  24. Zhang H., Flottmann S., and Milroy S P. 2011. Yield formation of canola (Brassica napus) and associated traits in the high rainfall zone. Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas 17: 93-98.

 

 

CAPTCHA Image