توانایی باکتری‌های‌حل‌کننده پتاسیم در افزایش رشد گندم و جذب پتاسیم در زیستگاه درون شیشه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• نعیمه عنایتی ضمیر
• احمد لندی

گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v31i4.57235

چکیده

هوادیدگی کانی‌های خاک، خاستگاه بسیاری از عناصر غذایی ضروری رشد گیاه مانند پتاسیم هستند. کانی‌ های میکایی خاستگاه اصلی برآورد پتاسیم در خاک های کشورمان هستند. این پژوهش با هدف جداسازی باکتری‌های حل کننده پتاسیم از ریزوسفر گندم و بررسی توانایی این باکتریها در بهره گیری از پتاسیم ساختاری کانی‌های مسکوویت و ورمی‌کولیت انجام شد. این پژوهش در زیستگاه درون شیشه‌ای با آرایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در 3 تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش سه سطح باکتری (شاهد بدون مایه زنی، و مایه زنی با باکتری1 و 2) و چهار گونه تیمار کانی پتاسیم (مسکویت، ورمیکولیت، مسکویت+K2HPO4 ، ورمیکولیت + K2HPO4) بود. در پایان دوره کشت، بخش هوایی گیاه برداشت و به روش خاکستر خشک پتاسیم آن به کمک فروغ سنج اندازه گیری شد. همچنین صفات وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، بلندی گیاه و درازی ریشه اندازه-گیری شد. این بررسی نشان داد که پیامد مایه زنی دو باکتری برهمه ویژگی‌های اندازه‌گیری شده در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار است. همه ویژگی های یاد شده در بودن Bacillus subtilis و کانی ورمی‌کولیت بالاترین اندازه‌ها را داشتند. اندازه پتاسیم جذب شده در گیاه به گونه معنی‌داری وابسته به بستر کشت گیاه بود. اندازه پتاسیم جذب شده در گیاه، در سطح یک درصد به گونه معنی‌داری وابسته به باکتری حل‌کننده پتاسیم بود. بیش‌ترین غلظت پتاسیم اندام هوایی (062/0 درصد) در تیمار بستر ورمی‌کولیت به همراه پتاسیم محلول در بودن Bacillus subtilis بود. بیشترین اندازه جذب پتاسیم در اندام هوایی گیاه ( 049/0میلی‌گرم در گلدان) نیز در بستر ورمی‌کولیت به همراه پتاسیم محلول در بودن Bacillus subtilis و پس از آن در اندام هوایی گیاه (036/0 میلی‌گرم در گلدان) کشت شده در بستر مسکویت به همراه پتاسیم محلول در بودن Bacillus subtilis با اختلاف معنی‌دار در سطح 5 درصد اندازه‌گیری شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بلندی گیاه
• پتاسیم نامحلول
• مسکویت
• ورمی‌کولیت
• وزن خشک

20.1001.1.20084757.1396.31.4.10.3

عنوان مقاله [English]

Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria Ability to Increase Wheat Growth and Potassium uptake under in vitro Condition

نویسندگان [English]

• N. Enayatizamir
• A. Landi

Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Potassium (K) is the third major essential macronutrient for plant growth. Without adequate potassium, the plants will have poorly developed roots, grow slowly, produce small seeds and have lower yields. Due to imbalanced fertilizer application, potassium deficiency is becoming one of the major constraints in crop production. The concentrations of soluble potassium in the soil are usually very low and more than 90% of potassium in the soil exists in the form of insoluble rocks and silicate minerals. Soil microbes have been reported to play a key role in the natural K cycle and therefore, potassium solubilizing microorganisms present in the soil could provide an alternative technology to make potassium available for uptake by plants. Thus, identification of microbial strains capable of solubilizing potassium minerals quickly can conserve our existing resources and avoid environmental pollution hazards caused by heavy application of chemical fertilizers.
Materials and Methods: This study aimed to isolate and identified potassium solubilizing bacteria and evaluate those effect on K availability from muscovite and vermiculite sources to wheat crop under in vitro condition. The study was conducted as factorial in completely randomized design at three replications included bacterium inoculation (control, isolate1, isolate 2) and four k sources (muscovite, vermiculite, muscovite+ K2HPO4, vermiculite+ K2HPO4). Bacterial isolates were obtained from wheat rhizosphere on modified Aleksandrov medium containing muscovite and vermiculite powder as potassium source. Nutrient broth medium was used to prepare an overnight culture of bacteria to inoculate in Aleksandrov medium, which was used to study the dissolution of silicate minerals. The zone of solubilization recorded on Aleksandrov medium. Then the ability of two bacterial strains, including Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum to release mineral K from muscovite and vermiculite was investigated. After 18 days of seed culture, aerial part of plant growth was dry digested and K concentration was determined by flame photometry. Dry and fresh weight of aerial part and root, plant height and root length was recorded.
Results: Three K-solubilizing isolates from 15 isolates identified by biochemical and molecular methods which belonged to Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida and Corynebacterium glutamicum. The potassium solubilization zone of each strain on Aleksandrov medium containing muscovite were 8.1, 65.1 and 6.3, respectively. The zone was also 9, 8 and 5.8 in Aleksandrov medium in the presence of vermiculite as insoluble potassium source. According to these results potassium release from vermiculite was more than muscovite, in spite of more potassium content of muscovite. According to the obtained results two strains Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum were selected for in vitro experiment because of halo to colony diameter ratio. The ratio of halo to colony diameter in the presence of muscovite for Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida and Corynebacterium glutamicum was 1.5, 0.72 and1.3, respectively. These ratios were 2, 1.4 and 0.8, respectively in the medium containing vermiculite as insoluble potassium source. The results showed that the effect of bacteria inoculation was significant (p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Dry weight
• Height
• Insoluble potassium
• Muscovite
• Vermiculite

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