اثر کاربرد اسید هیومیک و کود فسفر بر رشد ریشه، جذب و جریان به درون فسفر در گیاه نیشکر

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• حمیدرضا بهروان ¹
• رضا خراسانی ¹
• امیر فتوت ¹
• عبدالامیر معزی ²
• مهدی تقوی ³

¹ دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

² دانشگاه چمران اهواز

³ دانشگاه شهید چمران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v33i5.78726

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت افزایش کارایی کود فسفر و بررسی اثرات اسید هومیک در بهبود جذب آن با توجه به خصوصیات مورفولوژیک ریشه و جریان به درون فسفر در گیاه نیشکر، آزمایش گلخانه­ای با سطوح مختلف فسفر (0، 50 و 100 درصد توصیه کودی معادل 250 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و اسید هیومیک (سه سطح غوطه‌ورسازی قلمه در محلول‌های 0، 3/0 و 5/0 درصد اسید هیومیک) اجرا شد و گیاه نیشکر در دو زمان 45 و 90 روز پس از کشت، برداشت شد. آزمایش به صورت طرح فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و با استفاده از 54 گلدان اجرا گردید. در این تحقیق طول ساقه و ریشه، طول تارهای کشنده، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی ریشه، جذب و جریان به درون فسفر اندازه­گیری شد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده با مصرف اسید هیومیک به همراه کود فسفر، خصوصیات گیاهی اندازه‌گیری شد و جذب فسفر نیز به طور متوسط بیش از 50 درصد بهبود یافت. اما در عین حال روند تغییرات جریان به درون فسفر با جذب فسفر در تیمارهای اسید هومیک و کود فسفر به دلیل افزایش معنی‌دار طول ریشه منطبق نبود به طوری‌که این تغییرات رابطه معکوسی با رشد ریشه نشان داد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که مصرف اسید هیومیک به تنهایی و به همراه کود فسفر می‌تواند با تأثیر بر سیستم ریشه‌ای و تارهای کشنده، جذب فسفر و در نتیجه ماده خشک گیاهی را افزایش دهد. همچنین کاربرد اسید هیومیک و کود فسفر ضمن افزایش عملکرد محصول، افزایش کارایی مصرف کود فسفر را نیز بهبود بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• طول ساقه
• طول تارهای کشنده
• ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی ریشه
• غلظت فسفر
• نیشکر

20.1001.1.20084757.1398.33.5.5.4

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Humic Acid and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Root, Root Hair, Phosphorus Uptake and Phosphorus Influx in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)

نویسندگان [English]

• Hamidreza BEHRAVAN ¹
• REZA KHORASANI ¹
• Amir Fotovat ¹
• Abdol Amir Moezei ²
• Mehdi Taghavi ³

¹ FERRDOWSI UNIVERSITY

²

³

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Sugarcane cultivation has been revived in Khuzestan province of Iran since the 1960s and due to good results, it gradually began to grow from north to south of this region. Currently, sugarcane is cultivated in more than 100,000 hectares of the provinceand almost 25% of the country needs for sugar arebeing produced in this region. Sugarcane fields of Khuzestan province are mainly rich in lime percentage and poor in organic matter and phosphorus. Soil pH in this region of the country also is about 8-8.5 and phosphorus uptake by plants and phosphorus fertilizer efficiency in these soils (alkaline and calcareous soils) are expected to be low. The optimum use of phosphorus fertilizer and proper phosphorus uptake is essential for the quantitative and qualitative function of sugarcane plants. Due to the very low mobility of phosphorus in the soil, its uptake by plants such as sugar cane is affected by number of soil and plant factors (especially plant root characteristics). Changes in these factors can lead to a reduction or increase of P uptake by the crop.
Materials and Methods: Because of the role of organic compounds in the improvement of mobility and phosphorus uptake, the use of organic material has been considered in many types of research. Organic compounds can play a direct and indirect role in plant factors and in phosphorous uptake improvement. In this regard, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted in 2016-2017 at Farabi Agro Industry Co, 35 km south of Ahvaz, Iran (48º 36' E, 30º 59' N). This research carried out by using three levels of humic acid (immersion of settes in three concentrations of 0, 0.3 and 0.5% of humic acid) as well as three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (triple super phosphate) 0, 50 % and 100% of the recommended amount in the region (250 kg/ha) in two different harvesting periods (45 and 90 days after planting). The experiment set up as a factorial, based on complete randomized design with three replicates. In this experiment, the effects of different levels of phosphorous fertilizers and humic acid on aerial part (shoot height, shoot dry weight), underground part (root length, root dry weight and root hair length), and also root CEC of sugar cane plant in two harvest times were studied. Finally, uptake and influx of phosphorus in different treatments were investigated.
Results and Discussion: As the results show, although the range of the changes was different, the use of humic acid could improve almost all of these factors. Shoot height, shoot dry weight in humic acid treatments showed a significant increase in both harvests compared to non-used humic acid treatments and also in phosphorus fertilizer treatments as the fertilizer levels rose. These results show that humic acid can increase the uptake of phosphorus from the soil reservoir (treatments without phosphorus fertilizer) and source of soil and phosphorus fertilizer (phosphorus fertilizer treatments). The underground plant parts have also shown similar results. Root length and root dry weights have also been shown positive results in humic acid treatments. Therefore, an increase in phosphorus uptake in non-use phosphorous fertilizer treatments or phosphorous fertilizer treatments, along with humic acid, relative to non-humic acid treatments could be explained. The humic acid application seems to increase the uptake capacity of phosphorus from soil and fertilizer sources by increasing root length and root dry weight. In addition, the use of humic acid in alkaline soil can increase the solubility of phosphorus in water and therefore the phosphorus uptake by the roots of the plant could be increased. Based on the results, using humic acid due to improved phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency, phosphorous uptake by plant is expected to be increased and hence the fertilizer use would be reduced. Phosphorus influx results had not the same direction with uptake and application of phosphorus fertilizer. P influx results showed an inverse relationship with root length. In other words, phosphorus uptake was more dependent on the root growth.
Conclusion: This study showed that it is possible to use humic acid in the practical form during the cultivating of sugarcane setts, but it seems that further research is needed to examine other important points such as the use of humic acid during plant growth season and other its application forms, such as spraying or application in irrigation water.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Cation exchange capacity of the root
• Phosphorus concentration
• Root hair length
• Sugarcane
• Shoot height

مراجع

1- AbdulMatin Md., Kazuhlro OYA., Toshlya Sh., and Tsuyoshl H. 1997. Phosphorus Nutrition of Sugarcane: Growth, Yield and Quality of Sugarcane as Affected by Soil Phosphorus Levels. Journal of Tropical Agriculture 2: 52-59.

2- Bezerra PSS., Prado RM., and Shigaki F. 2015. Natural phosphate and humic substances applied in Quartzipsamment and Kandiudult cultivated with Sugar Cane. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences 2: 153-163.

3- Bouyoucos GJ. 1961. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomic Journal 54: 464-465.

4- Bruna A., Marcos R., Amin S., Alan ER., Fernando DA., and Paulo SP. 2016. Biological and morphological traits of sugarcane roots in relation to phosphorus uptake. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 4: 901-915.

5- Busato JG., Zandonadi DB., Dobbss LB., Façanha AR., and Canellas LP. 2010. Humic substances isolated from residues of Sugar cane industry as root growth promoter. Science Agriculture 2: 206-212

6- Canellas LP., and Olivares FL. 2014. Physiological responses to humic substances as plant growth promoter. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture 3: 1-12.

7- Chiranjeevi R., Krishnamurthy TN., and Thuljaram R.J. I967. Cation-exchange capacity of roots and yield potential in sugarcane. Proceeding of Plant and Soil XXVII, Sugarcane breeding institute, Coimbatore, India, 3: 314-318.

8- Crooke WM. 1964. The measurement of the cation-exchange capacity of plant roots. Plant Soil 2: 43–44.

9- Demattê JAM., Silva MLS., Rocha GC., Carvalho LA., Formaggio AR., and Firme LP. 2005. Variações espectrais em solos submetidos à aplicação de torta de filtro. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 29: 317-326.

10- Elgabaly MM., and Wiklander L. 1949. Donnan equilibria in plant nutrition. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2: 1266-1273.

11- Govindasmy R., and Chandrasekaran S. 1995. Effect of humic acids on the growth, yield and nutrient content of sugarcane. The Science of Total Environment 118: 578-581.

12- Gullo M.J.M. 2007. Use of the foundation soil conditioners humic acid in sugar cane crop (Saccharum spp.). Piracicaba. 2010: 174. Graduate school Dissertacion (M.Sc in Agronomy-Area of Concentration: Crop Science).

13- Khorassani R., Azizi M., and Rahmani H. 2012. Study of Phosphorus Acquisition Ability in Medicinal Plants of Salvia virgata, Achillea millefolium and Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam in Low Phosphorus Soils. Journal of Water and Soil 6:1483-1491. (In Persian with English abstract)

14- Lamattina L., Garcia-Mata C., Graziano M., and Pagnussat GC. 2003. Nitric oxide: the versatility of an extensive signal molecule. Annual Revision Plant Biology 54: 109–136.

15- Loeppert HL., and Suarez DL. 1996. Carbonate and gypsum. Methods of Soil Analysis. SSSA, 3: 437-474.

16- Martinez MT., Romero C., and Gaviu NJ. 1984. Solubilization of phosphorus by humic acids from lignite. Soil Science 138: 257-261.

17- Miller RO. 1998. Determination of dry matter content of plant tissue: gravimetric moisture. Handbook of reference methods for plant analysis 1: 57-61.

18- Murphy J., and Riley JP. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytical Chemical Acta 27: 31-36.

19- Nelson DW., and Sommers LE. 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part III. SSSA. Madison, 3: 961-1010.

20- Olsen SR., Cole CV., Watanabe ES., and Dean LA. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U. S. Department of Agriculture 939: 18-19.

21- Pizzeghello D., Francioso O., Ertani A., Muscolo A., and Nardi S. 2013. Isopentenyladenosine and cytokinin-like activity of different humic substances. Journal of Geochemistry 129: 70-75.

22- Puglisi E., Fragoulis G., Spaccini R., Piccolo A., Gigliotti G., Said-Pullicino D., and Trevisan M. 2008. Carbon deposition in soil rhizosphere following amendments with compost and its soluble fractions, as evaluated by combined soil–plant rhizobox and reporter gene systems. Chemosphere 73: 1292–1299.

23- Puglisi E., Fragoulis G., Ricciuti P., Cappa F., Spaccini R., Piccolo A., Trevisan M., and Crecchio C. 2009. Effects of a humic acid and its size-fractions on the bacterial community of soil rhizosphere under maize (Zea mays L.). Chemosphere 77: 829–837.

24- Sellamuthu KM., and Govindaswamy M. 2003. Effect of fertiliser and humic acid on rhizosphere microorganisms and soil enzymes at an early stage of sugarcane growth. Agronomy Series, Ed., C.A. Black. Madison, Wisconsin 9: 1149-1178.

25- Sinha MK. 1971. Organo-metallic phosphates I. Interaction of phosphorus compounds with humic substances. Plant and Soil 35: 471-484.

26- Šmejkalova D., and Piccolo A. 2008. Aggregation and disaggregation of humic supramolecular assemblies by NMR diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY-NMR). Environment Science Technology 42: 699–706.

27- Stamford NP., Santos CERS., Stamfordand WPJ., and Dias SHL. 2006. Rock biofertilizers with Acidithiobacillus on sugarcane yield and nutrient uptake in a Brazilian soil. Geo Microbiology Journal 23: 261-265.

28- Sund K., and Clements H. 1974. Production of sugarcane under saline desert conditions in Iran 1: 1-65.

29- Tennant D. 1975. A test of a modified line intercepts method of estimating root length. Journal of Ecology Eco 63: 995-1001.

30- Vahap Katka A., Çelik H., Murat AT., and Asik BB. 2009. Effects of Soil and Foliar Applications of Humic Substances on Dry Weight and Mineral Nutrients Uptake of Wheat under Calcareous Soil Conditions. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2: 1266-1273.

31- Wang XJ., Wang ZQ., and Li SG. 1995. The effect of humic acids on the availability of phosphorus fertilizers in alkaline soils. Soil Use and Management 1: 99-102.

32- Weir Cc., and Soper RJ. 1963. Interaction of phosphates with ferric organic complexes. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 43: 393-399.

33- Zandonadi DB., Santos MP., Dobbss LB., Olivares FL., Canellas LP., Binzel ML., Okorokova-Facanha AL., and Facanha AR. 2010. Nitric oxide mediates humic acids-induced root development and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activation. Planta 231: 1025–1036.