اثر تنش کم آبی بر رشد درخت هلو در شرایط مدیریتی باغ تجاری

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• میترا رحمتی
• غلامحسین داوری نژاد
• محمد بنایان اول
• مجید عزیزی

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v0i0.36033

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر تنش خشکی بر رشد رویشی درخت هلو (Prunus persica L.) در شرایط باغی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 3 تیمار و در 4 تکرار در باغ تجاری شهد ایران در مشهد در سال زراعی 1390 روی رقم دیررس البرتا انجام شد. سه تیمار آبیاری شامل 360 (تنش ملایم)، 180 (تنش متوسط) و 90 (تنش شدید) مترمکعب در هکتار در هفته به‌صورت قطره‌ای (کمینه‌ی پتانسیل آب ساقه نزدیک برداشت به‌ترتیب 2/1-، 5/1- و 7/1- مگاپاسکال) از اواسط دوره سخت شدن هسته (22 خرداد) تا برداشت میوه (1 مهر) اعمال شد. پتانسیل آب بیشینه ی برگ و پتانسیل آب کمینه ی برگ و ساقه، سرعت فتوسنتز خالص، تعرق، هدایت روزنه ای و دمای برگ، تعداد شاخه های نوظهور و طول شاخه های برگی در طول فصل رشد، و سطح برگ درختان هلو در زمان برداشت اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم‌آبی تاثیری منفی بر وضعیت آبی درخت هلو داشت که به موجب آن تبادلات گازی برگ و رشد رویشی درخت هلو کاهش یافت. بطوریکه کاهش تولید آسیمیلات درخت نتیجه‌ی کاهش هم سرعت فتوسنتز خالص برگ (تا حدود 23 و 50 درصد در فصل رشد به ترتیب در تنش متوسط و شدید در مقایسه با تنش ملایم) و هم سطح برگ کل درخت (تا حدود 57 درصد و 79 درصد در زمان برداشت به ترتیب در تنش متوسط و شدید در مقایسه با تنش ملایم) بود. همبستگی مثبت معنی دار بین میزان پتانسیل آب برگ و رشد رویشی هلو نشان داد که وقتی پتانسیل آب برگ تا 56/1- و 30/2- مگاپاسکال کاهش یافت، از رشد شاخه به اندازه‌ی به‌ترتیب 30 درصد و 50 درصد جلوگیری شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• پتانسیل آب
• تعرق
• خشکی
• فتوسنتز
• هدایت‌روزنه‌ای

20.1001.1.20084757.1394.28.5.8.6

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Water Deficit Stress on Peach Growth under Commercial Orchard Management Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

• M. Rahmati
• Gh. Davarynejad
• Mohammad Bannayan Aval
• M. Azizi

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

In order to study the sensitivity of vegetative growth to water deficit stress of a late-maturing peach (Prunus persica L. cv. Elberta) under orchard conditions, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete-block design with three treatments and four repetitions in Shahdiran commercial orchard in Mashhad during 2011. Three irrigation treatments including 360 (low stress), 180 (moderate stress) and 90 (severe stress) m3ha-1week-1 using a drip irrigation system (minimum stem water potential near harvest: -1.2, -1.5 and -1.7 MPa, respectively) from the mid-pit hardening stage (12th of June) until harvest (23rd of Sep.) applied. Predawn, stem and leaf water potentials, leaf photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf temperature, the number of new shoots on fruit bearing shoots and vegetative shoots lengths during growing season as well as leaf area at harvest were measured. The results showed that water deficit stress had negative effects on peach tree water status, thereby resulting in decreased leaf gas exchange and tree vegetative growth. As significant decreased assimilate production of tree was resulted from both decreased leaf assimilation rate (until about 23 % and 50 %, respectively under moderate and severe stress conditions compared to low stress conditions) and decreased leaf area of tree (until about 57% and 79%, respectively under moderate and severe stress conditions compared to low stress conditions at harvest). The significant positive correlation between leaf water potential and vegetative growth of peach revealed that shoot growth would decrease by 30% and 50% of maximum at leaf water potential of –1.56 and –2.30 MPa, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• drought
• Photosynthesis
• stomatal conductance
• Transpiration
• Water potential

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