اثرات حذف کربنات‌ها و ماده آلی بر جذب فسفر در برخی خاک‌های آهکی استان کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• هدی حسینی
• مجید فکری
• محمد هادی فرپور
• مجید محمودآبادی

دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v34i1.81290

چکیده

آگاهی از تاثیر اجزای مختلف خاک همانند ماده آلی و کربنات­ها بر قابلیت دسترسی فسفر در خاک جهت تغذیه گیاه و مدیریت حاصلخیزی خاک مهم است. در این مطالعه تاثیر حذف ماده آلی و کربنات­ها بر رفتار جذب فسفر در شش نمونه خاک در سه تکرار و سه تیمار ( تیمار هیپوکلریت سدیم، تیمار استات سدیم و خاک شاهد (بدون تیمار)) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که معادلات لانگمویر و فروندلیچ برازش خوبی بر داده­های جذب فسفر نشان دادند. حذف ماده آلی باعث افزایش حداکثر جذب فسفر (qmax) با دامنه 37 تا 104 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم نسبت به خاک­های تیمار نشده شد. برعکس، با حذف کربنات­ها از خاک­ها، حداکثر جذب فسفر (qmax) در محدوده 43 تا 345 میلی­گرم بر کیلو گرم نسبت به خاک­های تیمار نشده کاهش نشان داد. ثابت انرژی پیوند (Kl) بعد از حذف مواد آلی و کربنات­ها به ترتیب 03/17 درصد افزایش و 78/28 درصد کاهش یافت. نیاز استاندارد فسفر در خاک­های مورد مطالعه بعد از حذف مواد آلی 43/14 درصد افزایش و حذف کربنات­ها از خاک­های مورد مطالعه نیاز آن­ها را به فسفر 5/40 درصد کاهش داد. جهت مدیریت کارامد فسفر در خاک­های کشاورزی توجه به میزان کربنات­ها و کاهش آن در خاک اهمیت زیادی دارد و همچنین افزودن مواد آلی به خاک یا حداقل حفظ مواد آلی موجود در آن می­تواند سبب افزایش کارایی مصرف فسفر در خاک شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• جذب سطحی
• فسفر
• مواد آلی
• نیاز استاندارد
• هم‌دماها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Removal of Carbonates and Organic Matter from Soil Influences Phosphorous Sorption in Calcareous Soil of Kerman Province

نویسندگان [English]

• H. Hosseini
• M. Fekri
• Mohammad Hady Farpoor
• M. Mahmoodabadi

Kerman

چکیده [English]

 
Introduction: The availability of the applied phosphorus (P) is controlled by sorption-desorption reactions in soil. Since the sorption-desorption reactions are affected by physical and chemical properties of the soil, the presence of organic matter (OM) and carbonates can also effect on the P sorption capacity in soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of OM and carbonates on phosphorus sorption isotherms in some calcareous soils of Kerman province.
Materials and Methods: Six surface soil composite samples (0-30) were collected from Kerman Province located in southeast of Iran. The soils with a wide range of OM and calcium carbonate were selected for sampling. Samples were air dried and passed through a sieve of 2 mm. Physicochemical properties of the soil samples were determined according to the Soil Survey Laboratory Manual. Thereafter, the soil samples were divided into three parts. One portion was used for treatment with sodium hypochlorite to remove organic matter. The second part was treated with sodium acetate buffer (pH = 5) to remove carbonates. The third was used as a control without any treatment. Batch experiments were carried out to determinthe P-sorption isotherms in soil. The sorption behavior of P was studied by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. All experiments were conducted in three replications.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that organic matter and equivalent calcium carbonate, removed from the studied soils with an average efficiency of 86.7% and 84.9%, respectively. Although the isotherms data showed that both Langmuir and Freundlich equations fits to data,Langmuir equation with higher mean of correlation coefficient (R2=0.982) and lower standard error (0.022) showed the best fit to P-sorption data for all soil samples (with and without treatment). Removal of organic matter by sodium hypochlorite increased the phosphorus adsorption capacity in the studied soils. After removal of soil organic matter, an increase in phosphorus adsorption capacity in the studied soils. With respect to control, removing the organic matter increased the adsorption capacity parameters (qmax and kf) about 37 to 104 mg.kg-1 and 11 to 23 L.kg-1, respectively. These results indicate that Fe- and Al-oxides and other available adsorption sites on the mineral surfaces are coated by organic matter and are activated after removal of OM. Removal of carbonates from the soil significantly reduced the P-sorption capacity. qmax and kf were decreased by 17% and 32%, respectively, compared to untreated soils. It is, therefore suggested that available P adsorbing surfaces decreases by removing carbonates from the soil.Constants related with bonding energy increased by 17.03% and decreased by 28.78% by removal of OM and calcium carbonate, respectively. The P maximum buffering capacity is an important indicator for assessing phosphorus stabilization capacity in soil. The greater P buffering capacity, the fewer ability of phosphorus replacement to soil solution. After removal of carbonates, this parameter decreased by an average of 42.5%. The results suggested that carbonates is an important factor in availability of phosphorus in soil. The required phosphorus standard increased by 14.43% by removing OM in the studied soils. However, the removal of carbonates reduced the need of soil for phosphorus by 40.5%.
Conclusion: In this study was investigated the effect of removing organic matter and carbonates on phosphorus sorption isotherms in some calcareous soils of Kerman province. The results of this study showed that P sorption capacity is affected by the amount of carbonates and organic matter. Removal of organic matter from the soil increased the sorption capacity of phosphorus due to Fe- and Al-oxides. Other available adsorption sites on the mineral surface which are coated by the organic matter are active. Carbonates is known as an active site for maintaining phosphorus in the soil and its removal from soils reduces the phosphorus adsorption capacity. Applying/Preserving organic matters to/in soil can increases the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer application and improves plant nutrition. The removal of carbonates from the studied soils reduced their need for phosphorus. Therefore, as well as the addition of organic matter to soil, the removal or reduction of carbonates from agricultural soils is important for improving phosphorus utilization efficiency and plant nutrition management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• adsorption
• Isotherms
• Phosphorus
• Organic matter
• Standard requirement

مراجع

1- Afif E., Matar A., and Torrent J. 1993. Availability of phosphate applied to calcareous soils of West Asia and North Africa. Soil Science Society of America Journal 57: 756–760.

2- Allison L.E., and Moodie C.D. 1965. Carbonates. In: Black, C. A. (ED). Methods of Soil Analysis. Pares, ASA: Madison, WI. 1379-1396.

3- Cole C.V., Olsen, S.R., and Scott C.O. 1953. The nature of phosphate sorption by calcium carbonate. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 17: 352-356.

4- Debicka M., Kocowicz A., Weber J., and Jamroz E. 2015. Organic matter effects on phosphorus sorption in sandy soils. Agronomy and Soil Science 1-16.

5- Du Z.Y., Wang Q.H., Liu F.C., Ma H.L., Ma B.Y., and Malhi S.S. 2013. Movement of phosphorus in a calcareous soil as affected by Humic Acid. Pedosphere 23: 229–235.

6- Farbodi M. 2007. Evaluation of the sorption capacity of phosphorus in Three series of calcareous soils Karaj region by using adsorption isotherm to recommend fertilizer. Journal of Modern Agricultural Science 3(9): 59-68. (In Persian)

7- Filip p., Markus E., Cherubini P., Giacomo S., Wilfried H., and Evelyne D. 2008. Comparison of different methods of obtaining a resilient organic matter fraction in Alpine soils. Geoderma 145: 355-369.

8- Fink J.R., Inda A.V., Bayer C., Torrent J., and Barron V. 2014. Mineralogy and phosphorus adsorption in soils of south and central-west Brazil under conventional and no-tillage systems. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy 36(3): 379-387.

9- Gee G.W., and Bauder J.W.1986. Particle size analysis. Pp.201-214. In: HD Jacob and G Clarke Topp. (Eds) . Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods. SSSA. Madison, WI.

10- Griffin R.A., and Jurinak J.J. 1973. The Interaction of Phosphate with Calcite. Soil Science Society of America Journal 37: 847-850.

11- Goldberg S., and Forster H.S. 1991. Boron sorption on calcareous soils and reference calcites. Soil Science 152: 304–310.

12- Guppy C., Menzies N., Moody P., and Blamey F. 2005. Competitive sorption reactions between phosphorus and organic matter in soil: A review. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43: 189-202.

13- Hamilton S.K., Bruesewitz D.A., Horst G.P., Weed D.B., and Sarnelle O. 2009. Biogenic calcite-phosphorus precipitation as a negative feedback to lake eutrophication. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66: 343-350.

14- Havlin J.L., Beaton J.D., Tisdale S.L., and Nelson W.L. 1999. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers: an Introduction to Nutrient Management. 6th edition. Prentice Hall, Inc. Saddle River, New Jersey.

15- Havlin J.L., Tisdale S.L.,BeatonJ.D., and Nelson W.L. 2005. Soil fertility and fertilizers: An introduction to nutrient management. 7.ed. Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

16- Hiradate S., and Uchida N. 2004. Effects of soil organic matter on pH-dependent phosphate sorption by soils. Soil Science. Plant Nutrition 50: 665–675.

17- Ingrid K., Sander B., Lars S., and Bent T. 2009. Assessing soil carbon lability by near infrared spectroscopy and NaOCl oxidation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 41: 2170-2177.

18- Jafari A., Shariatmadari H., and Hejazi Mehrizi M. 2015. Determination of phosphorus buffering capacity and standard phosphorus requirement in four toposequence from arid and semi-arid regions using sorption isotherms (A case study: Isfahan and Shahre-Kord). Journal of Water and Soil Conservation 22(3): 89-103. (In Persian with English abstract)

19- Jalali M. 2007. Phosphorus status and sorption characteristics of some calcareous soils of Hamadan, western Iran. Environmental Geology 53: 365-374.

20- Leoppert R.H., and Suarez D.L. 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis . part3.Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy Madison.WI.

21- Mahdizadeh M., Reyhanitabar A., and Oustan SH. 2015. Effect of Soil Organic Matter Removal on Phosphorus Sorption in Some Calcareous Soils of East Azerbaijan Province. Journal of Practical Soil Researches 2(1): 1-17.(In Persian with English abstract)

22- Maluf H.J.G.M., Silva C.A., Curi N., Norton L.D., and Rosa S.D. 2018. Adsorption and availability of phosphorus in response to humic acid rates in soils limed with CaCO3 or MgCO3 .Ciência e Agrotecnologia 42(1): 7-20.

23- Marzadori C., Vittori L., Ciavatta C., and Sequi P. 1991. Soil organic matter influence on adsorption and desorption of boron. Soil Science Society of America Journal 55: 1582-1585.

24- McLaren T., Guppy C., Tighe M., Moody P., and Bell M. 2014. Dilute acid extraction is a useful indicator of the supply of slowly available phosphorus in Vertisols. Soil Science Society American Journal 78. 139–146.

25- Mikutta R., Kleber M., Kaiser K., and John R. 2005. Review: Organic matter removal from soils using hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and disodium peroxodisulfat. Soil Science Society of America Journal 69: 120-135.

26- Olsen SR., and Khasawneh FE. 1980. Use and limitations of physical- chemical criteria for assessing the status of phosphorus in soils. 361-410.

27- Olsen SR., and Sommer L.E. 1982. Phophorus. In: Klute, A. (Ed). Methods of soil Analysis: Chemical and microbiological Properties, part2. 2nd Ed. Agron. Monogr. No. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison WI 403-430.

28- PerassiI., and Borgnino L. 2014. Adsorption and surface precipitation of phosphate onto CaCO3- montmorillonite: effect of pH, ionic strength and competition with humic acid. Geoderma 232: 600-608.

29- Rashmi I., Parama V.R.R., and Biswas A.K. 2016. Phosphate sorption parameters in relation to soil properties in some major agricultural soils of india. SAARC Journal of Agriculture 14(1): 01-09.

30- Reyhanitabar A. 2010. Effect of Carbonates Removal on Zinc Sorption in the Selected Calcareous Soils of Iran. Journal of Water and Soil Science 22(1): 125-144. (In Persian with English abstract)

31- Rhoads J.W. 1986. Cation exchange capacity. Pp. 149- 158.In A. C. Page(Ed). Methods of soil analysis. Part2. American Society of Agronomy.

32- Ryan J., Hasan H.M., Baasiri M., and Tabbara H.S. 1985. Availability and Transformation of Applied Phosphorus In Calcareous Lebanese Soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 49: 1215-1220.

33- Sarkar D., De K.D., Das R., and Mandal B. 2013. Removal of organic matter and oxides of iron and manganese from soil influences boron adsorption in soil. Geoderma.

34- Siregar A., Kleber M., Mikutta R., and John R. 2004. Sodium hypochlorite oxidation reduces soil organic matter concentrations without affecting inorganic soil constituents. European Journal of Soil Science 56: 481-490.

35- Shirvani M., and Shariatmadari H. 2002. Application of Sorption Isotherms for Determining the Phosphorus Buffering Indices and the Standard P Requirement of Some Calcareous Soils in Isfahan. J. Sci. Technol. Agric. Natur. Resour. (Water and Soil Science) 6: 121-129. (In Persian)

36- Soliemanzadeh A., and Fekri M. 2017. Synthesis of clay-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron using green tea extract for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solutions: Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 25(7): 924-930.

37- Tofighi H., and Shirmardi M. 2015. The effect of calcium carbonate and pH On kinetics of phosphorus fixation in different soils. Iran Water and Soil Research 46(4): 739-748. (In Presian)

38- Uygur V. 2009. Phosphate Sorption in Calcareous Soils: The Role of Iron Oxide and Carbonates. Asian Journal of Chemistry 21(4): 3001-3009.

39- Varinderpal S., Dhillon N.S., and Brar B.S. 2006. Influence of long-term use of fertilizers and farmyard manure on the adsorption–desorption behaviour and bio-availability of phosphorus in soils. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 75: 67-78.

40- Walkey A., and Black I.A. 1934. An Examination of the Degtjareff Method for Determining Soil Organic Matter and a Proposed Modification of the Chromic Acid Titration Method. Soil Science 37: 29-38.

41- Wang L., Liang T., Kleinman P.J.A., and Cao H. 2011. An experimental study on using rare earth elements to trace phosphorous losses from nonpoint sources. Chemosphere 85: 1075–1079.

42- Wang L., and Liang T. 2014. Effects of exogenous rare earth elements on phosphorus adsorption and desorption in different types of soils. Chemosphere 103: 148–155.

43- Wolde Z., and Haile W. 2015.Phosphorus sorption isotherms and external phosphorus requirements of some soils of southern Ethiopia. African Crop Science Journal 23(2): 89-99.

44- Yan X., Wang D., Zhang H., Zhang G., and Wei Z. 2013. Organic amendments affect phosphorus sorption characteristics in a paddy soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 175: 47–53.

45- Yang X., Chen X., and Yang X. 2019. Effect of organic matter on phosphorus adsorption and desorption in a black soil from Northeast China. Soil & Tillage Research 187: 85-91.

46- Yu W., Ding X., Xue S., Li S., Liao X., and Wang R. 2013. Effects of organic-matter application on phosphorus adsorption of three soil parent materials. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 13(4):1003-1017.

47- Zimmermann M., Leifeld J., Abiven S., Schmidt M.W.I., and Fuhrer J. 2007. Sodium hypochlorite separates an older soil organic matter fraction than acid hydrolysis. Geoderma 139: 171-179.

48- Zhang S., Huffman T., Zhang X., Liu W., and Liu Z. 2014. Spatial distribution of soil nutrient at depth in black soil of Northeast China: a case study of soil available phosphorus and total phosphorus. International Journal of Soil, Sediment and Water14: 1775–1789.