تغییرات مکانی ذرات معدنی خاک با استفاده از زمین آمار و سنجش از دور جهت پهنه‌بندی بافت خاک

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فرخ اسدزاده ¹
• کمال خسروی اقدم ²
• نفیسه یغمائیان مهابادی ²
• حسن رمضانپور ³

¹ ارومیه

² دانشگاه گیلان

³ گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان ، رشت، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v32i6.74046

چکیده

شناخت توزیع فضایی و تغییرپذیری مکانی بافت خاک به‌ عنوان یکی از مهم­ترین مشخصه­های خاک‌‌شناخت، ویژگی اساسی جهت مدیریت بهینه اراضی تلقی می­شود که آگاهی دقیق از این تغییرات مکانی به استفاده بهینه از زمین و در نهایت افزایش تولیدات کشاورزی منجر خواهد شد؛ بنابراین این مطالعه با هدف افزایش دقت تخمین بافت خاک به کمک تصاویر ماهواره ترا، سنجنده مادیس انجام شد. در این راستا، نمونه­برداری برای تخمین بافت خاک سطحی در 60 نقطه به روش تصادفی سیستماتیک در منطقه مطالعاتی واقع در شرق آذربایجان شرقی، انجام شد. بعد از تجزیه آزمایشگاهی ذرات معدنی با روش هیدرومتری، بافت خاک تعیین گردید، سپس به بررسی همبستگی اجزای معدنی خاک با باندهای SWIR ماهوراه ترا، سنجنده مادیس با قدرت تفکیک مکانی 500 متر در جهت کاهش خطای RMSE و MAE در تخمینگر زمین آماری کوکریجینگ پرداخته شد و رابطه رگرسیونی گام به گام چندگانه خطی بین باندهای SWIR و ذرات معدنی خاک ارائه شد، همچنین رابطه رگرسیونی بین سطوح تخمینی کریجینگ و کوکریجینگ از طریق تفاضل آن­ها به دست آمد. در انتها پهنه­بندی بافت خاک به کمک پیش­بینی کوکریجینگ از سه جزء معدنی خاک انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که از بین باندهای SWIR، باند سه دارای بیشترین همبستگی با ذرات معدنی خاک می­باشد و استفاده از این متغیر کمکی، مقدار خطای تخمین RMSE را برای ذرات شن، سیلت و رس را به ترتیب 81/2، 73/2 و 06/2 و خطای تخمین MAE را به ترتیب 011/0، 025/0 و 136/0 کاهش می­دهد. برازش مدل­های تئوریکی نشان داد که بهترین مدل نیم تغییرنما برای رس، سیلت و شن به ترتیب کروی، کروی، نمایی و برای نیم تغییرنمای متقابل به ترتیب کروی، نمایی و نمایی می­باشد، همچنین بیشترین خطای تخمین مربوط به شن و کمترین خطای تخمین مربوط به رس می­باشد، که متغیر کمکی باند 3 سنجنده مادیس در پایین آوردن خطای تخمین بیشترین و کمترین اثر را به ترتیب در تخمین مربوط به شن و رس دارد، همچنین نتایج نقشه کوکریجینگ بافت خاک، با بافت­های خاک تعیین شده در آزمایشگاه به میزان 70 درصد همخوانی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• توزیع اندازه ذرات
• کریجینگ
• کوکریجینگ
• رگرسیون گام ‌به ‌گام چند متغیره خطی
• سنجنده مادیس

20.1001.1.20084757.1397.32.6.13.7

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial Variation of Mineral Particles of the Soil using Remote Sensing Data and Geostatistics to the Soil Texture Interpolation

نویسندگان [English]

• farrokh asadzadeh ¹
• Kamal Khosraviaqdam ²
• Nafiseh Yaghmaeian Mahabadi ²
• Hassan Ramezanpour ³

¹

² University of Guilan

³ Associated Professor , Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Soil texture is the average size of soil particles which depends on the relative proportion of sand, silt and clay contents. Soil texture is one of the most important features used by soil and environmental scientists to describe soils. Soil texture directly affects the soil porosity, which in turn, determines water-retention and flow characteristics, nutrient-holding capacity, internal drainage, sorption characteristics and long-term soil fertility. High-resolution soil maps are essential for land-use planning and other activities related to forestry, agriculture and environment protection. Given the soil texture roles in controlling the soil functions, it is necessary to understand the spatial distribution of this feature in regional scale. As soil texture is a staticproperty, regional scale soil texture maps can thus help environmental scientists to predict different soil-related processes. The objective of this study was to develop a soil textural class map using Terra satellite MODIS sensor images.
Material and Methods: To achieve this goal, the digital elevation model SRTM radar of the studied area for soil samples from different altitudes and slopes was prepared in foursen consecutive 30 meters time frame. The nearest neighbor method with an error of less than 0.5 pixels was used and the elevation layers were mosaicked and transmitted to the UTM ZON-38 coordinate system and GIS Ready Became. The normalized difference vegetation index of bands 1 and 2 of the matrix was obtained to isolate the reflection of the electromagnetic spectrum of vegetation and soil. This final mosaicked digital elevation model was then divided into different altitudes to accurately evaluate the surface texture. The 60 spatial points were selected to estimate the texture of surface soil in thestudied area with systematic randomized sampling. In the current study, soil texture was determined forthe air-dried samplesusing hydrometer. The SWIR bands of MODIS with resolution of 500 meters were selected for sampling dates. After corrections, DN values of the bands for sampling points were extracted. The Pearson correlation coefficient and step wise regression techniques were used to establish proper relationships between the DN values of the SWIR bands and the soil particles. Kriging and cokriging methods were also employed to create a spatially distributed map of the soil textural classes.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that there is a close correlation between the SWIR bands of the terra satellite and the MODIS sensor with band 3, and using this auxiliary variable significantly reduces the estimation error. The best model for fitting semivariogram for clay, silt and sand contents were spherical, spherical and exponential models and the best fitting Cross-semivariogram for clay, silt and sand contents were spherical, exponential and exponential models, respectively. The highest and lowest error estimation was, respectively, related to sand and clay content. The maximum and minimum decrease of estimation error by the auxiliary variables was found for sand and clay content, respectively. The nugget/sill ratio of the kriging semivariograms was greater than 25%for sand and claycontentand lower than 25%for sand and silt content. This indicates that sand and silt contents had a strong spatial dependency, and clay content hada moderate spatial dependency. These ratios for cokriging cross-semivariograms of sand, silt and clay contentsware less than 25%. The interpolation of estimated soil texture was also determined using the cokriging method with 70% of the soil texture measured in the laboratory.
Conclusions: Our results indicated thatcokriging method estimated the soil particles more accurately as compared with linear multi-variable stepwise regression and kriging methods. Application of cokriging method also reduces the number of sampling points and the estimation error of soil texture zoning. Therefore, cokriging method seems to be better suited in impact assessments for data-scarceregions such as Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Cokriging
• Kriging
• modis sensor
• multiple stepwise regression
• Particle size distribution

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