تأثیر روی و فسفر بر عملکرد، جذب عناصر غذایی و کارایی زراعی روی در سیب زمینی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسنده

• رحیم مطلبی فرد

مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v31i3.54513

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سولفات روی بر عملکرد، غلظت عناصر غذایی و بازیابی و کارایی زراعی روی در مقادیر مختلف فسفر خاک، بر روی سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) رقم آگریا در استان همدان انجام شد. در این تحقیق سه قطعه آزمایشی با مقادیر مختلف فسفر قابل جذب انتخاب و پژوهش با 9 تیمار و سه تکرار و بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی اجرا گردید. قطعات شامل دو قطعه با فسفر کم (15-10 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک با و بدون کوددهی فسفر (از منبع سوپرفسفات تریپل)) و یک قطعه با فسفر زیاد (25-20 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک بدون کوددهی فسفر) بود. تیمارهای روی شامل مصرف خاکی مقادیر صفر، 20، 40، 60، 80، 100و 120 کیلو گرم در هکتار سولفات روی (ZnSO4.7H2O) و محلول پاشی با سولفات روی با غلظت 5 در هزار یک هفته قبل و یک هفته بعد از گلدهی ‌بود. بعد از برداشت عملکرد غده و شاخساره، میزان جذب روی و غلظت عناصر غذایی در بخش‌های مختلف سیب‌زمینی اندازه‌گیری و بازیابی و کارایی زراعی روی محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد سیب‌زمینی تحت تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف روی قرار گرفته است. کاربرد 40 کیلوگرم سولفات روی در هکتار بیشترین و تیمار محلول‌پاشی با سولفات روی یک هفته بعد از گلدهی کمترین عملکرد غده را موجب شده‌اند و اختلاف این دو تیمار 17 درصد بود. محلول‌پاشی با سولفات روی یک هفته بعد از گلدهی عملکرد مشابه با تیمار شاهد داشت و بین این دو تیمار اختلاف معنی‌دار در سطح احتمال 5 درصد وجود نداشت. کاربرد مقادیر بیش از 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی یا محلول‌پاشی آن، روی جذب شده در غده را به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر قرار دادند و محلول‌پاشی با سولفات روی یک هفته بعد از گلدهی با 80 درصد افزایش در مقایسه شاهد، بیشترین روی جذب شده در غده‌ را داشت. غلظت روی غده و شاخساره در سطح یک درصد تحت تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف روی قرار گرفت. بیشترین غلظت روی در شاخساره و غده در شرایط محلول‌پاشی با سولفات روی یک هفته بعد از گلدهی و کمترین آن در شرایط عدم مصرف روی مشاهده شد. این تیمار به‌ترتیب باعث افزایش 160 و 24 درصدی روی شاخسارها و غده سیب‌زمینی در مقایسه با شاهد شد. عملکرد غده و شاخساره در سطح احتمال یک درصد تحت تأثیر معنی‌دار قطعات با فسفر مختلف قرار گرفتند. مصرف فسفر و یا غلظت بالای آن در خاک عملکرد غده و شاخساره را افزایش دادند و باعث کاهش غلظت اکثر عناصر غذایی غده و شاخساره شدند. با افزایش مصرف خاکی کود روی به بیش از 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار کارایی زراعی آن به‌طور معنی‌دار و بیش از دو برابر کاهش پیدا کرد. بیشترین کارایی زراعی روی در شرایط محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی مخصوصاً در زمان قبل از گلدهی مشاهده شد و این افزایش در تیمار محلول‌پاشی قبل از گلدهی حداقل 6 برابر تیمار مصرف خاکی روی بود. بازیابی روی در تمام سطوح مصرف خاکی روی کمتر از دو درصد بود که به بالای 20 درصد در تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی افزایش یافت. برای دستیابی به حداکثر عملکرد سیب‌زمینی در خاکهای مشابه مصرف 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی قابل توصیه است. در شرایط مصرف فسفر و یا فسفر بالای خاک این توصیه باید افزایش یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• غده سیب زمینی
• غلظت عناصر غذایی
• محلول پاشی، مصرف خاکی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Zinc and Phosphorus Levels on Yield, Nutrients Uptake and Zinc Recovery and Agronomic Efficiency in Potato

نویسنده [English]

• rahim motalebifard

Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research and Education Center

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Potato production has fourth rank in the world after rice, wheat, and maize with the production of 321 million tons from 19.6 million hectares. In Iran this important crop has third rank after wheat and tomatoes with the production of 4.6 million tons. Potato is a temperate crop, growing and yielding well in cool and humid climates or seasons, but it is also cultivated in tropical to sub-polar climatic regions, and represents a major food crop in many countries. Potato is sensitive to nutrients deficiency especially phosphorus and zinc. At least one-third of the cultivated soils globally are estimated to contain too low amounts of bioavailable zinc for optimal crop production. In Iran more than 70 percent of irrigated soils suffer from zinc deficiency. Many reasons have role in mentioned deficiency such as calcareous and alkaline soils, lower organic carbon and higher application of phosphorus fertilizer. So, evaluation of zinc fertilizers efficiency is essential under different soil phosphorus conditions.
Materials and Methods: This project was carried out in order to investigate the effect of zinc sulfate levels on yield, nutrients concentration and zinc recovery and agronomic efficiency under different phosphorus conditions in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Hamedan province (Tajarak station). The current research was done as a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments, three replications and three locations (with different soil phosphorus levels). The phosphorus locations were involved two locations with 10-15 mg available P per kg of soil (without or with phosphorus application) and a locations with 20-25 mg available P per kg of soil. Zinc treatments were consisted of soil application of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and120 kg of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.7H2O) per hectare and foliar spray of zinc sulfate at the rate of 5 grams per liter at one week before and one week after flowering. After harvesting, the tuber and shoot yield, tubers and shoot zinc uptake, nutrients concentration were measured in different parts of potato plant, and recovery and agronomic efficiency of applied zinc fertilizer were calculated.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the zinc treatments significantly affected the tuber yield of potato. The application of 40 kg.ha-1 zinc sulfate and foliar spray of Zn one week after flowering evidenced the highest and the lowest yield, respectively and the difference between these treatments were 17 percent. The differences between without Zn application and foliar spray of Zn one week after flowering were not significant on yield which showed that the time of fertilizer foliar application is very important and by delaying of foliar spray the yield could not increase. The zinc treatments affected significantly tuber zinc uptake and the foliar spray of Zn one week after flowering by 80 percent increase comparing with control, had the highest tubers zinc uptake. The tuber and shoot zinc concentration were significantly affected by the zinc sulfate levels. The highest and lowest concentration of zinc in shoot and tubers were observed in the foliar spray of Zn one week after flowering and control. This treatment caused 160 and 24 percent increasing in shoot and tubers zinc concentration in comparison with control. In spite of considered increase in zinc content by foliar application of zinc one week after flowering, the potato yield did not increase considerably. The tuber and shoot yield were affected significantly by different phosphorus locations (p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Foliar spray
• Nutrients concentration
• Potato tubers
• Soil application

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