تاثیر سطوح رژیم آبیاری بر روی عملکرد دو رقم تجاری انار در شرایط اقلیمی یزد

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علی بافکار ¹
• مصیب کریمی ¹
• محمدهادی راد ²

¹ دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

² سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v30i3.40292

چکیده

در شرایط خشکسالی بایستی به کاربرد روش های آبیاری با بهره وری مناسب و راندمان بالا نظیر آبیاری موضعی توجه بیشتری نشان داد. همچنین کم آبیاری به‌عنوان راه حل موثر دیگر در افزایش بهره‌وری آب باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تاثیر رژیم های مختلف آبیاری بر عملکرد دو رقم تجاری انار 4 ساله مجهز به سیستم آبیاری موضعی (بابلر) در خاکی با بافت لومی شنی در شرایط اقلیمی یزد انجام شد. این طرح در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل با پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه رژیم آبیاری I1، I2، I3 شامل آبیاری کامل در ظرفیت زراعی، 25 درصد کم آبیاری و50 درصد کم آبیاری در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد به ترتیب مربوط به رژیم‌های آبیاری 100 درصد و50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی بوده است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که در دو رقم مورد مطالعه، عملکرد محصول در رژیم‌های آبیاریI1 و I2در سطح 5 درصد دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار با I3 بودند. رژیم های آبیاری بر تعداد کل میوه و تعداد میوه سالم در سطح آماری یک درصد و بر آفتاب سوختگی محصول در سطح آماری پنج درصد دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار بود. در بین دو رقم مورد بررسی نیز با مقایسه عملکرد و تعداد میوه سالم در دو تیمار 75 و 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، می‌توان با انتخاب رقم ملس یزدی، به منظور بهره‌وری بیشتر آب و محصول، و با اعمال تنش رطوبتی تا 25 درصد، به عنوان یک روش مدیریتی در آبیاری باغات انار توصیه گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آبیاری موضعی
• باغ
• خشکسالی
• کم آبیاری
• محصول

20.1001.1.20084757.1395.30.3.6.0

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Irrigation Regimes on Yield of Two Commercial Varieties of Pomegranate in the Climatic Condition in Yazd

نویسندگان [English]

• ali bafkar ¹
• mosayeb karimi ¹
• Mohammad hadi Rad ²

¹ Razi University, Kermanshah

²

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The maximum water efficiency and water productivity of the agricultural sector is one of the most important and effective ways to deal with the water crisis and mitigate the effects of drought. Therefore, scientific and practical agricultural water productivity in terms of planning and development must be followed. Local or drip irrigation systems supply some of the moist around the roots and the plant uses the moisture in the soil. Irrigation systems and irrigation scheduling affect water uptake by plants.
Matrials and Methods: In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation on the yield of 4-year-old pomegranate trees with local irrigation system (Bubbler) in sandy loam soil with bulk density 1.15 grams per cubic centimeter a research was performed in Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd province with an altitude of 1230 meters . The region has an arid climate with 51 mm average annual rainfall and average annual temperature of 20 ° C, which is located 10 kilometers from the center of the city of Yazd. This project was designed in a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block with three irrigation regimes I1, I2, I3, including irrigation (FC100%), 25% of deficit irrigation (FC75%) and 50 percent deficit irrigation (FC50%) on two commercial cultivars of pomegranates, which have been growing at 3 × 4 with three replications. To prevent penetration of water per tree, plots adjacent to each block strip (three meters between rows and between plants within one and a half meters without irrigation tape) were used as a guard. Trees around the pool shaped a rectangular building with a flow rate of 96 liters per hour for each tree using Bubbler system. The use of such a system with high flow rate, suitability and cost of such a system in orchards and vineyards, water supply reduces energy consumption in a tree in a short time. To prevent clogging of the filter, disc dropper was used at the beginning of the project. At the beginning of each block a flow meter was installed to measure the amount of water distribution. All the operations, including pruning and combat weeds, fertilizing, leaching requirement, according to the research center for all three irrigation regimes in the garden was the same as usual conditions. Due to the salinity of irrigation water and soil salinity testing during the growing season only once and 25 percent, respectively water and soil physical and chemical properties of the test was run.
Results and discussion: Analysis of variance and comparison of performance for the three treatments was shown in table (number of the table). In calculating the yield, weight per hectare garden products were considered. Analysis of variance showed that the yield of the different treatments in the water by five percent (p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Drout
• Gurden
• Local irrigation
• Irrigation Deficit
• Prodact

مراجع

1- Hejazi M.A., and Gorji A. 2007. Development of pressurized irrigation methods and Studying the process project. Proceedings of the National Conference of pressurized irrigation and sustainable development, National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, P. 41-51.

2- Farshi A.A., Kheirabi J., Siadat H., Mirlotfi M., Darbandi S., Salamat A.R., Entezari M.R., and Sadatmirie M.H. 2003.Irrigation water management at the farm, First edition. Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, Tehran.

3- Abd El-Rahman I.E. 2010. Physiological studies on cracking phenomena of pomegranate. J. Appl. Sci. Res, 6: 696-703.

4- Arzani K., and Arji I. 2000. The effect of water stress and deficit irrigation on youn potted olive cv’Local- Roghani Roodbar. Acta Horticulturae, 537:879-885.

5- Domingo R., Ruiz-Sunchez M.C., Sunchez-Blanco M.J., and Torrecillas A. 1996. Water relations, growth and yield of Fino lemon trees under regulated deficit irrigation. Irrigation Science, 16:115–123.

6- El- Khoreiby A.M.K., and Salem A.T. 1989. Effect of different irrigation regimes on growth, fruiting and fruit quality of seedy guava trees. Ann. Agric. Sci., Fac. Agric. Ain Shams Univ, 34:313- 321.

7- Holland D., Hatib K., and Bar-Ya’akov I. 2009. Pomegranate: botany, horticulture, breeding. Hort. Rev, 35:127–191.

8- Intrigliolo D.S., Bonet L., Nortes P.A., Puerto H., Nicolas E., and Bartual J. 2012. Pomegranate trees performance under sustained and regulated deficit irrigation. Irrig Sci DOI 10.1007/s00271-012-0372-y.

9- Khattab M.M., Shaban A.E., EL_Shrif A.H., Mohamed EL_D. 2011. Growth an Productivity of Pomegranate Trees under Different Irrigation Levels I: Vegetative Growth and Fruiting. Journal of Horticultural Science & Ornamental Plants, 3:194-198.

10- Lansky E.P., and Newman R.A. 2007. Review: Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. J. Ethnopharm, 109:177–206.

11- Mellisho C.D., Egea I., Galindo A., Rodr´ıguez P., Rodr´ıguez J., and Conejero W. 2012. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit response to different deficit irrigation conditions. Agric Water Manag, 114:30–36.

12- Michelakis N., Vouyoukalou E., and Clapaki, G. 1996. Water use and soil moisture depletion by olive trees under different irrigation conditions. Agricultural water.