تخمین تبخیروتعرق واقعی براساس الگوریتم‌های تک منبعی و دومنبعی سنجش از دوری (مطالعه موردی: برازجان)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• بهاره بهمن آبادی ¹
• عباس کاویانی ²

¹ گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره) .

² دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v34i2.82156

چکیده

شناخت و ارزیابی تبخیر و تعرق از سطوح گیاهی یک ابزار اساسی در محاسبه بیلان آب و تخمین نیاز آبی و دسترسی به آن است. در این تحقیق به­منظور بررسی توزیع مکانی تبخیروتعرق و رابطه آن با سنجش از دور در مقابل داده­های لایسیمتری به عنوان شاهد در منطقه برازجان واقع در استان بوشهر، ایران انجام شد. در این پژوهش از 46 تصویر بدون ابر و روزانه از سنجنده MODIS، 7 تصویر از سنجنده ETM+ و 7 تصویر از سنجنده TM در طول فصل رشد از ماه فروردین تا  شهریور در خلال سال‌های 80 تا 82 استفاده شده است. براساس نتایج بدست آمده از اجرای سه مدل SEBAL، SSEB و TSEB در هر سه ماهواره، سنجنده MODIS دارای کمترین میزان خطا بوده (به‌ترتیب برای هر سه الگوریتم RMSE=0.856,1.385,2.7mm/day) و پس از آن ماهواره لندست 7 با قدرت تفکیک مکانی بالاتر در رده دوم قرار می­گیرد (به‌ترتیب برای هر سه الگوریتم RMSE=1.042,1.56,2.76 mm/day) و در نهایت ماهواره لندست 5 بیشترین میزان خطا را به خود اختصاص می­دهد (به­ترتیب برای هر سه الگوریتم RMSE=1.14, 1.97, 3.06 mm/day). در بررسی وضعیت پوشش گیاهی براساس شاخص نرمال شده تفاوت پوشش گیاهی، در ابتدای دوره کشت به دلیل جوانه­زنی و تنک بودن پوشش گیاهی، این شاخص در پایین­ترین حد خود قرار دارد و به­ترتیب با افزایش دمای هوا و میزان پوشش گیاهی، این شاخص رو به افزایش است. فاکتور L اهمیت به­سزایی در برآورد شاخص پوشش گیاهی تعدیل شده برحسب خاک و در نهایت، صحت­سنجی برآوردهای بدست آمده تبخیروتعرق برای منطقه مورد مطالعه دارد که به پوشش منطقه وابسته است. در این تحقیق برای منطقه مورد مطالعه مقدار L=0.6 تخمین زده شد که در مقایسه با دیگر مقادیر مورد بررسی، دارای کمترین مقدار خطا بود ((RMSE=0.6. الگوریتم SEBAL نسبت به سه الگوریتم دیگر به داده­های لایسیمتری نزدیکتر بوده و از دقت بالاتری برخوردار است. عملکرد مناسب الگوریتم SEBAL به دلیل جزئی‌نگری در فرمولاسیون و اجرای این الگوریتم بوده است. الگوریتم SSEB براساس تئوری ساده­تر و برمبنای انرژی حرارتی سطح زمین بوده که نسبت به الگوریتم SEBAL در رده دوم قرار می­گیرد. الگوریتم دومنبعی ضعیف­ترین نتایج را در میان الگوریتم‌ها از خود نشان داد. در مقایسه عملکرد تصاویر ماهواره­ای بطورکلی سنجنده MODIS به دلیل قدرت تفکیک زمانی مناسب و تعدد تصاویر نسبت به دو سنجنده ETM+ و TM و ارائه سری زمانی بیشتر، برای برآورد تبخیروتعرق در مقیاس منطقه­ای مناسب می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• NDVI
• SAVI
• SEBS
• SEBAL
• TSEB

20.1001.1.20084757.1399.34.2.17.7

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Single-source and Two-source Algorithms for Estimating Evapotranspiration in Borazjan

نویسندگان [English]

• B. Bahmanabadi ¹
• A. Kaviani ²

¹ Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin

² Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The exact estimation of evapotranspiration has significant importance in the programming of irrigation development and other distribution systems and water usage. Since the main user of water in the country is the agriculture sector, therefore, the exact estimation of plants’ water demand has been adverted extensively. The assessment methods of reference evapotranspiration are classified in two types of direct and indirect. The calculation of reference evapotranspiration in scientific and in vitro form and with high accuracy is possible by using lysimeter but in comparison to the indirect methods that are based on the climatic data of weather stations, the use of lysimeter is unfortunately inefficient. This is not just for the time consuming and high cost of lysimeter but it is for the limitation of weather stations and spottiness of the estimated values; in this way it is not possible to expand the obtained results to the large scale. Remote sensing is an authentic technique for the assessment of evapotranspiration in large scale which do not consume much time and money. The existence of different satellites by having different spatial and temporal resolution, redouble the importance and usability of this technique
Material and Methods: Actual evapotranspiration assessment in the region were done based on SEBAL, SSEB and TSEB algorithms on 46 imageries of MODIS, seven imageries of Landsat7 (ETM+) and seven imageries of Landsat5 (TM) in years of 2001-2003. Multiplicity of imageries of MODIS show the proper time resolution of this sensor and is a reason for less errors in the assessment of reference evapotranspiration. In the evaluation of the three algorithms of SEBAL, SSEB and TSEB in the three satellites.
Result and Discussion: In the evaluation of the three algorithms of SEBAL, SSEB and TSEB in the three satellites, MODIS shows the least errors (respectively, RMSE=0.856, 1.385 and 2.7 mm/day), then Landsat7 is placed in the second class by having higher spatial resolution (respectively, RMSE=1.042, 1.56 and 2.76 mm/day) and Landsat5 has the highest errors (respectively, RMSE = 1.14, 1.97 and 3.06 mm/day). NDVI was found at the lowest amount in the beginning of cultivation period because of germination and sparseness of vegetation, and increase respectively by increasing temperature and crop canopy. L factor has a significant importance in the assessment of SAVI which is related to the area crop coverage percentage. Amount of L has been estimated as L=0.6 that has the least errors in comparison to the others.
Conclusion: In this study, the proper amount for L factor in estimation of the SAVI amount was about 0.6 which was based on the investigations on soil correction factor, the results of statistical indexes and the type and dispersal of vegetation in the region. The accuracy estimation of evapotranspiration of two single-source algorithms of SEBAL and SSEB and one two-source algorithm of TSEB in Bushehr province were evaluated. SEBAL algorithm presented more exact results based on statistical indexes among two single-source algorithms and the obtained results in 95% level of this algorithm showed significant differences with lysimetric measurements. This algorithm was chosen as the premier algorithm in the region. Two-source algorithm of TSEB showed the highest amount of errors. Satellite imageries by having higher spatial resolution estimated evapotranspiration with higher accuracy, the reason of which is proper choosing of cold and hot pixels. Although, because of having proper time resolution and variation of image numbers and also presenting of more time series in comparison to ETM+ and TM, MODIS was more adverted. ETM+ which is located on Landsat satellite was lied in the second place because of its resolution and having higher spatial resolution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• NDVI
• SAVI
• SEBS
• SEBAL
• TSEB

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