دوماه نامه

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی

2 موسسه تحقیقات و آموزش توسعه نیشکر و صنایع جانبی

چکیده

در این تحقیق آزمایش های کودآبیاری در یکی از مزارع کشت و صنعت نیشکر دهخدا برای افزایش بهره‌وری آب، بهبود مدیریت مصرف کود و کاهش مصرف کود اوره اجراء گردید. آزمایش به صورت کرت های یک بار خرد شده با طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی اجراء شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه تیمار تقسیط کود (شامل دو، سه و چهار تقسیطی) در کرت های اصلی و سه تیمار سطح کود (شامل 100، 80 و 60 درصد کود اوره) در کرت های فرعی بودند که با روش مرسوم کوددهی مورد استفاده در مزارع کشت و صنعت دهخدا مقایسه شدند. حجم آب مصرفی در طول دوره رشد و برخی صفات کمی و کیفی نیشکر در انتهای فصل زراعی تعیین شد. نتایج نشان دادند که فاکتور تقسیط تأثیر معنی داری در سطح احتمال پنج درصد بر صفات کمی و کیفی نیشکر دارد. به طوری که میانگین همه صفات کمی و کیفی مورد مطالعه در تیمارهای چهارتقسیطی در رتبه اول قرار گرفتند. فاکتور سطوح کودی بجز بر کارآیی مصرف کود، بر بقیه صفات کمی و کیفی تأثیر معنی داری نداشتند. اثرات متقابل فاکتور تقسیط و سطوح مختلف کود نیز بر هیچ یک از صفات مورد مطالعه معنی دار نشد. مقایسه ی میانگین صفات مورد مطالعه در تیمارهای آزمایشی و تیمار شاهد نشان داد که تیمار چهار تقسیطی با 60 درصد سطح کودی در اغلب صفات مورد مطالعه در رتبه نخست قرار گرفت. عملکرد نی، بهره‌وری آب و کارآیی مصرف کود، بهره‌وری آب بر اساس شکر تولیدی در این تیمار به ترتیب 2/98 تن در هکتار، 4/5 کیلوگرم نی بر مترمکعب آب مصرفی، 6/467 کیلوگرم نی بر کیلوگرم کود و 581/0 کیلوگرم شکر بر مترمکعب آب مصرفی تعیین شدند. این مقادیر در تیمار شاهد به ترتیب، 8/81 تن در هکتار، 5/4 کیلوگرم نی بر مترمکعب آب مصرفی، 7/233 کیلوگرم نی بر کیلوگرم کود و 396/0 کیلوگرم شکر بر مترمکعب آب مصرفی بدست آمدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving Sugarcane Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Furrow Fertigation

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Abbasi 1
  • A. 2
  • N. Salamati 1

1 Education and Extension Organization (AREO), Karaj,

2 Sugarcane Research and Training Institute, Khuzestan

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Application of simultaneous nitrogen fertilizer and water as fertigation in surface irrigation systems is developing. In fertigation is possible to increase water and fertilizer use efficiency and it allows growers to apply nutrients in split and small amounts throughout the season in response to crop needs. In this study, sugarcane furrow fertigation experiments is carried out in Dehkhoda agro-industry company to improve fertilizer management, water and nitrogen use efficiency, and reduce urea fertilizer consumption.
Materials and Methods: Large scale furrow experiments were conducted on a plant field. Field experiments were carried out as split plot with a complete randomized block design. Experimental treatments consisted of three fertilizer splits (2, 3, and 4 splits) in main plots and three levels of urea fertilizer (60, 80 and 100% of required urea fertilizer) in subplots and compared with the common method (control) used in the agro-industry fields. Experiments were conducted on a 25 hectare field in 250 meter long and blocked end furrows. Irrigation water during the crop season was applied the same for different fertigation treatments and measured using the WSC flumes in each irrigation events. Irrigation interval varied from 8 to 15 days during the crop season. Qualitative and quantitative traits (e.i., stalk height, cane yield, purity, brix, white sugar yield, and water, fertilizer, and sugar use efficiency) at harvest were measured and analyzed using the MSTATC software.
Results and Discussions: A total of 21 irrigation events during the growing season were measured. Average water consumption in each irrigation event was 865 cubic meters per hectare. Total applied irrigation water during the growing season was 18,155 cubic meters per hectare. Results showed that fertilizer split factor significantly affected the qualitative and quantitative traits at a 5% level of significance. So that, all qualitative and quantitative traits in four split treatments were significantly (P

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • CP48-103 variety
  • Fertilizer level
  • Split
  • Urea fertilizer
1- Abbasi F., Simunek J., van Genuchten M.Th., Feyen J., Adamsen F.J., Hunsaker D.J., Strelkoff T.S. and Shouse P. 2003. Overland water flow and solute transport: Model development and field data analysis. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 129(2): 71-81.
2- Abbasi F., Liaghat A.M. and Ganjeh A. 2009. Evaluation of fertigation uniformity in furrow irrigation. Journal of Soil and Water, 39 (1): 26-37. (in Persian with English abstract)
3- Abbasi F., Chogan R., Alizadeh H.A. and Liaghat A.M. 2013. Effect of furrow fertigation on fertilizer and water use efficiency, yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.). Journal of Soil and Water, 43 (4): 371-382. (in Persian with English abstract)
4- Adamsen F.J., Hunsaker D.J., Perea H. 2005. Border strip fertigation: Effect of injection strategies on the distribution of water and bromide. Transactions of ASAE, 48(2): 529-540.
5- Alizadeh H.A., Liaghat A.M. and Abbasi F. 2009. The effect of furrow fertigation on fertilizer and water use efficiency, productivity and yield component of corn. Journal of Soil and Water, 23(4): 137-147. (in Persian with English abstract)
6- Asadi M.E., Clemente R.S., Gupta A.D., Loof R. and Hansen G.K. 2002. Impacts of fertigation via sprinkler irrigation on nitrate leaching and corn yield on an acid-sulphate soil in Thailand. Agricultural Water Management, 52(3): 197-213.
7- Bacon P.E. 1995. Nitrogen Fertilization in the Environment. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, USA. 608 pp.
8- Bahmani A., Boromandnasab S., Behzad M. and Naseri A.A. 2009. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and irrigation on sugarcane water use efficiency and production function. Proceedings of the 2nd Seminar on Management of Irrigation and Drainage Networks, Ahwaz, Iran.
9- Bull T.A. 1971. The C4 pathway related to growth rates in sugarcane. pp. 68-75. In: M.D. Hatch, C.B. Osmond and R.O. Slatyer (Eds.), Photosynthesis and Photorespiration. John Wiley Inc., USA.
10- Bullok D.G., Gascho G.J. and Summer D.R. 1990. Grain yield, stalk root and mineral concentration of fertigation corn as influenced by NPK. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 13 (8): 915-937.
11- Butler D.W., Meyer J.H. and Schumann A.W. 2002. Assessing nitrogen fertigation strategies for drip irrigated sugarcane in southern Africa. Proceeding of South African Sugarcane Technologists Associations, 76: 162-172.
12- Dart I.K., Baillie C.P. and Thorburn P.J. 2002. Assessing nitrogen application rates for subsurface trickle irrigated cane at Bundaberg. Proceeding of Australian Society of Sugarcane Technologists, 22: 230-235.
13- FAO, 2009. http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx
14- Granberry D.M., Harrison K.A. and Kelley W.T. 2000. Drip irrigation.
15- Hairston J.E., Schepers J.S. and Conville W.L. 1981. A trickle irrigation system for frequent application of nitrogen to experimental plots. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 45: 880-882.
16- Hochmuth G.J., Albregts E.E., Chandler C.C., Cornells J., and Harrison J. 1996. Nitrogen fertigation requirements of drip irrigated strawberries. Journal of American Soil Science Society 4, 660-665.
17- Jolaini M. and Abbasi F. 2009. Evaluation of fertigation uniformity and fertilizer losses in furrow irrigation. Journal of Soil and Water, 23 (2), 75-86. (in Persian with English abstract)
18- Lee K.H., and Jose S. 2005. Nitrate leaching in cottonwood and loblolly pine biomass plantations along a nitrogen fertilization gradient. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 105: 615-623.
19- Malakouti M.J. and Homaee M. 1995. Soil Fertility in Arid Regions. University of Tarbiat Modarres Press, 286 pp, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)
20- Naseri A.A, Kiani Zadeh A., Hamdan Nejhad M., Houri M. and Joudi F. 2011. Irrigation water productivity and water use efficiency of sugarcane under drought conditions (Case study in Farabi Agro-Industry Company). Proceedings of the 3rd Seminar on Management of Irrigation and Drainage Networks, Ahwaz, Iran.
21- Ng Kee Kwong K.F., Paul J.P. and Deville J. 1999. Drip fertigation–a means for reducing fertiliser nitrogen to sugarcane. Experimental Agriculture, 35: 31–37.
22- Noori M. and Boromandnasab S. 2009. The effect of the variable alternate furrow irrigation at different growth stages on yield and quality of sugarcane in Karoun Agro-Industry Company. Proceedings of the 2nd Seminar on Management of Irrigation and Drainage Networks, Ahwaz, Iran.
23- Playan E. and Faci J.M. 1997. Border irrigation: Field experiment and a simple model. Irrigation Science, 17(4):163-171.
24- Ramezani Etedali H., Liaghat A.M. and Naseri A.A. 2009. Study of sugarcane water use efficiency (Case study in Mirzakouchek Khan Agro-Industry Company). Proceedings of the 2nd Seminar on Management of Irrigation and Drainage Networks, Ahwaz, Iran.
25- Sadeghi Attar M., Behnia A.K. and Kaveh F. 2001. Efficiency in Dez irrigation network. Proceedings of the 10th Seminar on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), Tehran, Iran.
26- Schumann A.W. 2000. Fertigation for Sugarcane. In: Proceedings of the Fertigation Symposium 25 August 2000. Fertiliser Society of South Africa, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040, South Africa.
27- Sheinidashtegol A., Kashkouli H.A., Naseri A.A. and Boromandnasab S. 2009. Effects of every-other furrow irrigation on water use efficiency and sugarcane characteristics in southern Ahvaz sugarcane fields. Water and Soil Science, 13(49), 45-57. (in Persian with English abstract).
28- Stewart L., Charlesworth P., Bristow K., Thorburn P. 2005. Estimating deep drainage and nitrate leaching from the root zone under sugarcane using APSIM-SWIM. Agricultural Water Management, 81:315-334.
29- Thorburn P.J., Sweeney C.A. and Bristow K.L. 1998. Production and environmental benefits of trickle irrigation for sugarcane: A review. Proceedings of Australian Society of Sugarcane Technologists, 20: 118-125.
30- Weigel A., Meyer J.H., Moodley S., Tonsing W., Nixon D.J. and Van Den Berg M. 2008. Drip irrigated sugarcane response to nitrogen in late and early season cycles. Proceeding of South African Sugarcane Technologists Associations, 81: 333-342.
31- Wiesler F. 1998. Comparative assessment of the efficiency of various nitrogen fertilizers. In: Rengel, Z. (Ed.) Nutrient Use in Crop Production. Food Product Press. NY.
CAPTCHA Image