Effect of Different Levels of Irrigation Water on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Potato and Determination of Its Optimum Consumptive Use of Water in Shahrekord

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• masoud Naderi ¹
• M. Shayannejad ¹
• S. Heydari ¹
• B. Haghighati ²

¹ Isfahan University of Technology

² Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Reseach Center

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v0i0.37681

Abstract

Introduction: Owing to drought, increasing demand for fresh water resources and low water use efficiency, the optimum use of water is essential in the agricultural sector. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of irrigation water on quantitative and qualitative Characteristics of potato (Burren cultivar) and determination of its optimum consumptive use of water under Shahr-e kord environment.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center and Natural Resources in Shahr-e kord with longitude and latitude of 32˚18΄ and 50˚51΄ , respectively, in 2013. This experiment was performed in randomized complete block design with 7 treatments consisted of different levels of irrigation water and 3 replications. Different levels of irrigation water were: 40, 55, 70, 85, 100, 115 and 130 % of the soil moisture deficit. Potato seeds (burren cultivar) were planted with distance of 20 cm from each other and furrow width of 75 cm. Irrigation program were performed based on the measurement of soil moisture deficit. The irrigation intervals were considered as a fixed 7 day. Irrigation levels were applied to 105 days after planting and the total growth period was 130 days from planting to harvesting. The samples were taken from the two middle furrows. The evaluated parameters were included weight of tubers per plant, tuber diameter, weight of tuber in seed size, weight of tuber production in a plant in marketable size, tuber dry weight, the starch percent, percent of soluble sugars, nitrogen percent. The starch content was determined by Polarimetry method. The soluble sugars content was measured by Colorimetric method, the nitrogen content was measured by wet digestion method and using the Kjeldahl set. Then, the optimal depth of water consumption in conditions of limited water resources were determined by English method Statistical analysis of data and drawing graphs were done with SAS and EXCEL software, respectively.
Results Discussion: The effect of different levels of irrigation water on yield was significant at 1%. The yield increased with increase of irrigation water. The minimum and maximum yields were belonged to 40 and 130 % treatments with 13.2 and 45.2 tons per hectare, respectively. Whereas, the results revealed that treatments which recieved100, 115 and 130% of the soil moisture deficit had no significant effect on potato yield at 5% level. Thus, potato yield in 115 and 130% treatments were only 2.3 and 3.9% more than treatment receiving full irrigation, respectively. The potato production function was obtained using the depth of water which consumed during the growing season and yield in each treatment. The results showed that the effect of different levels of irrigation water was significant on yield, starch, soluble sugars, dry matter, irrigation water use efficiency and the weight of tuber production per plant in marketable size As the level of irrigation water increased, the yield, soluble sugars content and weight of tuber per plant in marketable size increased and the starch and dry matter content decreased. Moreover, effect of different levels of irrigation water on nitrogen percent and the weight of tuber in seed size were not significant. Maximum and minimum of irrigation water use efficiency were belonged to 85 and 40% with values of 6.96 and 4.84 Kg m-3, respectively. Maximum and minimum percentages of starch were belonged to 40 and 130% treatments with values of 76.6 and 61%, respectively. The soluble sugar content in potato can causes discoloration and darkness of the product, and accordingly it makes the non-marketability of the product. Maximum and minimum soluble sugar contents were belonged to 130 and 40% treatments with values of 2.12 and 3.07%, respectively. In addition, the increase of irrigation water caused to the increase of weight of tuber per plant in marketable size. Therefore, the highest marketable tuber yield was belonged to 130% treatment and it was 1.5 kg per plant and the lowest one was belonged to 40% treatment and it was 0.61 kg per plant. The applied water which maximized the income was 821 mm during the growth period.
Conclusion: The use of 82% full irrigation (533mm) can result in maximum net income and irrigated area can increase by 22% compare to full irrigation. If the purpose of planting is get to the maximum yield, the use of 130% irrigation treatment is recommended and if the purpose is the production of seed potatoes, the use of 85% irrigation, treatment is recommended.

Keywords

• Irrigation water use efficiency
• Optimization
• Production function
• Profit function

20.1001.1.20084757.1395.30.5.28.6

References

1- Ahmadi S.H., Agharezaee M., Kamgar-Haghighi A.A., and Sepaskhah A.R. 2014. Effects of dynamic and static deficit and partial root zone drying irrigation strategies on yield, tuber sizes distribution, and water productivity of two field grown potato cultivars, Agricultural Water Management, 134(1):126-136.

2- Akhavan S., Mousavi F., Mostafazadehfard B., Ghadami Firouzabadi A., and Bahrami B. 2005. Effect of amount and method of irrigation on the yield and quality of potato (agria cultivar). Agricultural Research) Water, Soil and Plant in agriculture).5(2):27-40. (in Persian with English abstract).

3- Akhavan S., Mousavi F., Mostafazadehfard B., and Ghadami Firouzabadi A. 2007. Furrow and Type irrigation effects on potato yield and water use efficiency. Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences and Technologies, 11(41):16-26.

4- Al-Omran A.M., Sheta A.S., Falatash A.M., and Al-Harbi A.R. 2004. Effect of drip irrigation on squash (Cucurbita pepo) yield and water-use efficiciency in sandy calcareous soils amended with clay deposits. agric. Water manage, 73(1):43-55.

5- Allen R., Pereira L.A., Raes D., and Smith M. 1998. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper NO. 56. FAO, Rome, Italy.

6- Ansari H., Sharifian H., Davari K. 2010. General irrigation (principles and practices). Iranian academic center for education culture and research of mashhad.

7- Badr M.A., Abou Hussein S.D., El-Tohamy W.A., and Gruda N. 2010. Efficiency of Subsurface Drip Irrigation for Potato Production Under Different Dry Stress Conditions. Gesunde Pflanzen, 62:63–70.

8- Costa L.D. 1997. Yield , water use efficiency and nitrogen uptake in potato: influence of drought stress, Potato Research, 40(1): 19-34.

9- Cottrell J.E., Duffus C.M., Paterson L., and Mackay G.R. 1995. Properties of potato starch: effect of genotype and growing conditions. Phytochemistry, 40(4)1057-1064.

10- English M. 1990. Deficit irrigation I: Analytical framework. ASCE. J. of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 16(3): 399-412.

11- Farshi A.A., Kheirabi J., Siadat H., Mirlatifei M., Darbandi S., Salamat A.R., Entesari M.R. and Sadat M.H.2003. On-Farm Irrigation Water management. Iranian national committee on irrigation and drainage (IRNCID).

12- Ghamarnia H. and Sepehri S. 2009. Water stress management and its effects on water use efficiency and other yield parameters of potato in kermanshah province In the west of iran. 60th International Executive Council Meeting & 5th Asian Regional Conference, New Delhi, India, pp . 6-11.

13- Liu F., Shahnazari A., Andersen M.N., Jacobsen S.E., and Jensen C.R. 2006. Physiolog-ical response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to partial root zone drying: ABAsignaling, leaf gas exchange, and water use efficiency. Journal of ExperimentalBotany 57, 3727–3735.

14- Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. 2012. The cost of agricultural production in the Season 2009. (in Persian).

15- Mobli H., Mosazadeh H. and Javanbakht S.2011. Technology of potato production. University of tehran press (UTP).

16- Molaei B. 2013. Investigation of yield and water use efficiency of two varieties of potato (burren and satina) under trickle (T-Tape) and sprinkler irrigation using different organic fertilizers. Isfahan University of Technology. Department of Water Engineering. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. (in Persian with English abstract).

17- Opena J.B., and Porter G.A. 1999. Soil management and supplemental irrigation effects on potato. II. Root growth.Agron. J. 91: 426-431.

18- Pooryayvali M.2009. Potato and out of season proudaction. Publishing in nosooh.

19- Rezaei A. and Soltani A. 2001. Introduction to potato production. Iranian academic center for education culture and research of mashhad.

20- Schafleitner R., Oscar R., Rosales G., Gaudin A, Alvarado Aliaga C., Martinez G., Tincopa Marca L., Avila Bolivar L., Mendiburu Delgado F., Simon R., and Bonierbale M. 2007. Capturing candidate drought tolerance traits in two native Andean potato clones by transcription profiling of field grown plants under water stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 45: 673-690.

21- Shayannejad M.2008. The effect of deficit irrigation on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of potato by applying one in between furrow irrigation in Sharekord . Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 22(1):131-140. (in Persian with English abstract).

22- Wang H., Liu F., Andersen M.N., and Jensen C.R. 2009. Comparative efects of partial root-zone drying and defcit irrigation on nitrogen uptake in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Irrig Sci, 27:443–448.

23- Wang F., Kang Y., Liu S., and Hou X. 2007. Effects of soil matric potential on potato growth under drip irrigation in the North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management, 88: 34–42.