ارزیابی پاسخ ژنوتیپ‌های جو (Hordum vulgare) دیم به مقادیر و زمان‌های مصرف نیتروژن

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسنده

• ولی فیضی اصل

موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v31i2.53350

چکیده

نیتروژن پس از آب دومین عامل محدودکننده رشد گیاهان در شرایط دیم بشمار می‌آید، لذا برای تولید اقتصادی جو در این مناطق، استفاده مناسب از آنبسیار ضروری است. به‌منظور ارزیابی پاسخ ژنوتیپ‌های جو دیم به مصرف نیتروژن، پژوهشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به صورت کرت‌های دوبار خردشده با زمان مصرف نیتروژن در کرت‌های اصلی (کل نیتروژن درپائیز، در پائیز + در بهار و در پائیز + در بهار)، مقادیر نیتروژن (صفر، 30، 60، 90 و 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کرت‌های فرعی و ژنوتیپ‌های جو (سهند، آبیدر، Dayton/Ranny، Alpha/Gumhuriyet/Sonja و B-C-74-2) در کرت‌های فرعی در فرعی در 4 بلوک و به مدت 3 سال زراعی (89-86) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم به اجرا درآمد. نتایج نشان داد، مصرف نیتروژن از طریق افزایش معنی‌دار (01/0P≤) تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح (243-112) و ارتفاع بوته (6/17-3/6 سانتی‌متر) به عنوان سطح اندام‌های فتوسنتزکننده گیاه، طول (2/0-1 سانتی‌متر بر بوته) و وزن (2/0-1/0 گرم بر بوته) ریشه در مرحله پنجه‌زنی گیاه و کارایی استفاده از آب (5/2-3/1 کیلوگرم در هکتار بر میلی‌متر) باعث افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه، بیولوژیک و کاه (01/0P≤) شد. نیاز نیتروژنی جو در شرایط خشکسالی حدود 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار و در سال‌های نرمال 43 کیلوگرم در هکتار در منطقه مورد مطالعه تعیین شد که این مقادیر به ترتیب برای دستیابی به عملکردهای دانه 1784 و 3100 کیلوگرم در هکتار می‌باشد. در سال‌های نرمال 30 کیلوگرم در هکتار آن در پائیز و 13 کیلوگرم در هکتار به صورت سرک همرا بارندگی‌های اوایل بهار مصرف می‌شود. در نهایت، اثر بارندگی در افزایش عملکرد دانه جو دیم 1/2 برابر بیشتر از مصرف نیتروژن بود و این موضوع اهمیت بیشتر آب را نسبت به نیتروژن در دیمزارهای ایران به اثبات می‌رساند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بارندگی
• نیاز نیتروژنی
• کارایی استفاده از نیتروژن

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Dryland Barley (Hordum vulgare) Genotypes Response to the Nitrogen Rates and Application Times

نویسنده [English]

• vali feiziasl

Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Nitrogen is the main component of fertilizer programs necessary for production of high quantity dryland barley. This element is the second limiting factor, after water in dryland areas. So for economic production of barley, the proper nitrogen fertilizer application is essential to increase seed quantity and quality in Iran dryland areas. Many researchers have been confirmed that dryland barley yield increased by nitrogen application management. Nitrogen fertilization in dryland areas can increase the use of soil moisture, and improve barley yields to some extent. Different studies have been confirmed interactions between water stress and nitrogen fertilizers on barley, especially under field conditions. From the nitrogen management factors, timing and amount of nitrogen application is known as the most important aspect. This project established in order to study nitrogen rates and nitrogen application time's effects on nitrogen requirement, nitrogen agronomy use efficiency (NUE) and crop characteristics of various dryland barley genotypes in cold and semi cold drylands of Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in split-split plot in a RCBD in Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Maragheh; where nitrogen application times (fall, 1/2 in fall and 1/2 in spring and 2/3 in fall and 1/3 in spring) were assigned to the main plots, nitrogen rates to sub plot (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha), and 5 dryland barley genotypes to sub-sub plots (Sahand, Abidar, Dayton/Ranny, Alpha/ Gumhuriyet/ Sonja and B-C-74-2)in 4 replications during 2007-2010 years. The Rainfall were 177-498 mm.yr-1 (long term mean is 365 mm.yr-1) in cropping years in DARI station. Soil samples were collected from 0-25 cm for determining total N, P-Olsen, K-Ammonium acetate, TNV, OC, Soil texture, pH, EC and Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu-DTPA before sowing and collected from 0-2, 20-40 and 40-60 cm depths in sub-sub plots in shooting stage (GS32) for determining NO3− andNH4+. Ammonium measurement in the soil KCl extracts were down by spectrophotometry method and colorimetric reaction at 655 nm. Also, Absorption spectrophotometry method was used for determination of nitrate in soil extract based on its UV absorbance at 210 nm. In this method two measurements were carried out; one before (by Zn coated by Cu) and second after reduction of nitrate). Using the difference between these two measurements, concentration of nitrate in the extracts was determined.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that nitrogen application rates significantly increased (p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Nitrogen Requirement
• Nitrogen use efficiency
• rainfall

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