بهینه‌سازی انحلال پتاسیم توسط باکتری Pseudomonas fluorescens با استفاده از طرح پلاکت-برمن و روش سطح پاسخ (RSM)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• ساناز اشرفی سعیدلو ¹
• عباس صمدی ²
• میرحسن رسولی صدقیانی ²
• محسن برین ³
• ابراهیم سپهر ⁴

¹ دانشجوی دکتری علوم خاک،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

² استاد گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

³ استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

⁴ دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v0i0.80017

چکیده

انحلال پتاسیم موجود در ساختار کانی­ها توسط ریزجانداران منجر به افزایش رشد و عملکرد گیاهان شده و علاوه بر صرفه­ی اقتصادی، دوستدار محیط زیست است، لذا شناسایی گونه­های کارا در انحلال پتاسیم و تعیین شرایط بهینه برای حداکثر فعالیت این گونه­ها از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف متغیرهای منبع کربن، زمان انکوباسیون و pH بر میزان انحلال و آزادسازی پتاسیم از کانی­های فلدسپار و فلوگوپیت توسط باکتری Pseudomonas fluorescens انجام گرفت. برای این منظور در مرحله نخست بر مبنای طرح پلاکت– برمن، تعداد 12 آزمایش تعریف شد و تأثیر منابع مختلف کربن شامل گلوکز، ساکاروز و فروکتوز بر انحلال هر یک از کانی­های فلدسپار و فلوگوپیت بررسی شد. در ادامه بر اساس تحلیل نتایج مربوط به انحلال پتاسیم در مرحله اول، منبع کربن مهم و تأثیرگذار شناسایی و دامنه­های متفاوتی از متغیرهای pH (10-3)، زمان انکوباسیون (18-1 روز) و مقدار منبع کربن (12– 6/0 گرم در لیتر) در نظر گرفته شده و طرح مرکب مرکزی با 20 آزمایش و بر اساس مقادیر کدبندی شده متغیرهای مستقل طراحی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که مدل طرح مرکب مرکزی قابلیت مطلوبی (918/0– 944/0=R2 و 47/1– 82/0 =RMSE) در پیش­بینی مقدار آزادسازی پتاسیم از فلدسپار و فلوگوپیت دارد. تحلیل حساسیت مدل طرح مرکب مرکزی نشان داد که از بین سه متغیر مورد بررسی، pH بیشترین تأثیر را بر آزادسازی پتاسیم دارد. حداکثر غلظت پتاسیم محلول در حضور فلوگوپیت و فلدسپار به­ترتیب برابر با 16/121 و 96/82 میلی­گرم در لیتر، مربوط به 36/10 =pH، مقدار ساکاروز 5/6 گرم در لیتر و زمان10 روز بود. زمان­ انکوباسیون نیز بر آزادسازی پتاسیم تأثیر داشت. روند آزادسازی پتاسیم در مراحل اولیه انکوباسیون افزایشی، در مراحل میانی کاهشی و در ادامه افزایشی بود. بطور کلی بر اساس مدل طرح مرکب مرکزی، pHهای 36/10 و 34/10، و مقادیر 26/2 و 92/6 گرم در لیتر از ساکاروز و زمان­های 18 و 2 روز به­ترتیب به­عنوان شرایط بهینه برای دست‌یابی به بیشینه آزادسازی پتاسیم از فلدسپار و فلوگوپیت در محیط کشت پیش­بینی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• باکتری‌های حل‌کننده پتاسیم
• طرح مرکب مرکزی
• کانی‌های پتاسیم‌دار
• محیط الکساندروف

20.1001.1.20084757.1398.33.4.17.4

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization of Potassium Dissolution by Pseudomonas fluorescens Using Placket-Burman Design and Response Surface Methodology

نویسندگان [English]

• S. Ashrafi-Saeidlou ¹
• A. Samadi ²
• MH. Rasouli-Sadaghiani ²
• M. Barin ³
• E. Sepehr ⁴

¹ Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran,

² Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran,

³ Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran,

⁴ Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran,

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Among the elements, potassium (K) is the third important macronutrient for plant nutrition that plays a significant role in plant growth and development. The development of intensively managed agriculture has led to the consumption of increasing amounts of K, low K supply has therefore become an important yield-limiting factor in agriculture. However, more than 98% of potassium in the soil exists in the form of silicate minerals such as illite and lattice K in K-feldspars which K cannot be directly absorbed by plants. Potassium and other minerals can be released when these minerals are weathered. Some microorganisms can play a role in releasing K from minerals. They solubilize K-bearing minerals through different mechanisms including chelation, acidolysis, pH reduction, exchange reaction, complexation, biofilm formation and secretion of organic acid and polysaccharides. Since the use of potassium solubilizing microorganisms (KSMs) as K-biofertilizers reduces the agrochemicals application and supports eco-friendly agriculture, so it is imperative to isolate the KSMs and optimize various growth parameters so as to improve their activity.
Materials and Methods: The present study was an attempt to model and evaluate the effects of pH, incubation time and different amounts of carbon source on K release by Pseudomonas fluorescens using Placket-Burman design and response surface methodology with a central composite design. At the first step, 12 experiments based on Placket-Burman design were carried out to screen and identify the effective carbon source in potassium release. According to the results of the first step, response surface methodology with the central composite design was employed to evaluate and model the effects of the coded independent variables including pH (3-10), incubation time (1-18 days) and carbon source (0.6-12 g L-1) on K release from feldspar and phlogopite. After the completion of each period, samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and filtered using Whatman paper (No. 41). Potassium concentration of samples was measured by flame photometer. Used minerals in the experiment including feldspar and phlogopite were grounded and filtered through a 230 mesh sieve. In order to remove exchangeable K, the samples were saturated by calcium chloride solution (with a ratio of 2:1), after washing with HCl, samples were then dried at 105oC for 48 hours.
Results: Results showed that there was no difference between carbon sources, applied at the first step of the experiment, so each can be employed as alternatives to each other in the culture medium. The central composite design showed R2 of 0.944 and 0.918 with RMSE of 0.82 and 1.47 for predicting K release of feldspar and phlogopite, respectively, indicating high efficiency. Sensitivity analysis of the central composite design revealed that the pH is the most important factor in K release. The highest concentration of the K was observed at the highest levels of pH. Incubation time also had an impact on potassium release. In the early stages of the incubation time, the trend of potassium release was increasing, in middle stages, K amount decreased but it was accelerated over long times of incubation. The maximum potassium release in presence of phlogopite and feldspar was 121.16 and 96/82 mg L-1, respectively, which was observed at pH= 10.36, sucrose amount= 6.5 g L-1 during 10 days. Potassium amount in this treatment hence increased by 31.52% as compared to feldspar. According to central composite design, maximum potassium release of feldspar and phlogopite was obtained at pH= 10.36 and 10.34, sucrose concentrations of 2.26 and 6.92 g L1 at 18 and 2 days, respectively.
Conclusion: Our results showed that pH had a significant impact on K release by Pseudomonas fluorescens using response surface methodology. Overall, increasing incubation time along with high pH leads to the high amounts of K release from minerals. Different minerals released different content of potassium. Application of soil K-bearing minerals in combination with efficient potassium solubilizing bacterial strains as biofertilizers is required to replace chemical fertilizers and reduce the crop cultivation cost. Many bacterial strains have been found to solubilize minerals and improve plant growth under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, but their ability under field conditions remains unexplored. The capability of these bacteria, considering the soil and plant type, and environmental factors, should be thus evaluated under field conditions. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Aleksandrov medium
• Central composite design
• K-bearing minerals
• Potassium solubilizing

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