ارتقای بهره‌وری آب و کارایی مصرف کود در کودآبیاری جویچه ای نیشکر

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فریبرز عباسی ¹
• علی شینی دشتگل ²
• نادر سلامتی ¹

¹ موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی

² موسسه تحقیقات و آموزش توسعه نیشکر و صنایع جانبی

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v0i0.36621

چکیده

در این تحقیق آزمایش های کودآبیاری در یکی از مزارع کشت و صنعت نیشکر دهخدا برای افزایش بهره‌وری آب، بهبود مدیریت مصرف کود و کاهش مصرف کود اوره اجراء گردید. آزمایش به صورت کرت های یک بار خرد شده با طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی اجراء شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه تیمار تقسیط کود (شامل دو، سه و چهار تقسیطی) در کرت های اصلی و سه تیمار سطح کود (شامل 100، 80 و 60 درصد کود اوره) در کرت های فرعی بودند که با روش مرسوم کوددهی مورد استفاده در مزارع کشت و صنعت دهخدا مقایسه شدند. حجم آب مصرفی در طول دوره رشد و برخی صفات کمی و کیفی نیشکر در انتهای فصل زراعی تعیین شد. نتایج نشان دادند که فاکتور تقسیط تأثیر معنی داری در سطح احتمال پنج درصد بر صفات کمی و کیفی نیشکر دارد. به طوری که میانگین همه صفات کمی و کیفی مورد مطالعه در تیمارهای چهارتقسیطی در رتبه اول قرار گرفتند. فاکتور سطوح کودی بجز بر کارآیی مصرف کود، بر بقیه صفات کمی و کیفی تأثیر معنی داری نداشتند. اثرات متقابل فاکتور تقسیط و سطوح مختلف کود نیز بر هیچ یک از صفات مورد مطالعه معنی دار نشد. مقایسه ی میانگین صفات مورد مطالعه در تیمارهای آزمایشی و تیمار شاهد نشان داد که تیمار چهار تقسیطی با 60 درصد سطح کودی در اغلب صفات مورد مطالعه در رتبه نخست قرار گرفت. عملکرد نی، بهره‌وری آب و کارآیی مصرف کود، بهره‌وری آب بر اساس شکر تولیدی در این تیمار به ترتیب 2/98 تن در هکتار، 4/5 کیلوگرم نی بر مترمکعب آب مصرفی، 6/467 کیلوگرم نی بر کیلوگرم کود و 581/0 کیلوگرم شکر بر مترمکعب آب مصرفی تعیین شدند. این مقادیر در تیمار شاهد به ترتیب، 8/81 تن در هکتار، 5/4 کیلوگرم نی بر مترمکعب آب مصرفی، 7/233 کیلوگرم نی بر کیلوگرم کود و 396/0 کیلوگرم شکر بر مترمکعب آب مصرفی بدست آمدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• واریته تجاری 103-CP48
• کود اوره
• تقسیط
• سطح کودی

20.1001.1.20084757.1394.29.4.16.5

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving Sugarcane Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Furrow Fertigation

نویسندگان [English]

• F. Abbasi ¹
• A. ²
• N. Salamati ¹

¹ Education and Extension Organization (AREO), Karaj,

² Sugarcane Research and Training Institute, Khuzestan

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Application of simultaneous nitrogen fertilizer and water as fertigation in surface irrigation systems is developing. In fertigation is possible to increase water and fertilizer use efficiency and it allows growers to apply nutrients in split and small amounts throughout the season in response to crop needs. In this study, sugarcane furrow fertigation experiments is carried out in Dehkhoda agro-industry company to improve fertilizer management, water and nitrogen use efficiency, and reduce urea fertilizer consumption.
Materials and Methods: Large scale furrow experiments were conducted on a plant field. Field experiments were carried out as split plot with a complete randomized block design. Experimental treatments consisted of three fertilizer splits (2, 3, and 4 splits) in main plots and three levels of urea fertilizer (60, 80 and 100% of required urea fertilizer) in subplots and compared with the common method (control) used in the agro-industry fields. Experiments were conducted on a 25 hectare field in 250 meter long and blocked end furrows. Irrigation water during the crop season was applied the same for different fertigation treatments and measured using the WSC flumes in each irrigation events. Irrigation interval varied from 8 to 15 days during the crop season. Qualitative and quantitative traits (e.i., stalk height, cane yield, purity, brix, white sugar yield, and water, fertilizer, and sugar use efficiency) at harvest were measured and analyzed using the MSTATC software.
Results and Discussions: A total of 21 irrigation events during the growing season were measured. Average water consumption in each irrigation event was 865 cubic meters per hectare. Total applied irrigation water during the growing season was 18,155 cubic meters per hectare. Results showed that fertilizer split factor significantly affected the qualitative and quantitative traits at a 5% level of significance. So that, all qualitative and quantitative traits in four split treatments were significantly (P

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• CP48-103 variety
• Fertilizer level
• Split
• Urea fertilizer

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