Investigation of The Effect Hydraulic and Atmospheric Factors on the Evaporation and Wind Draft Losses in The Fixed Head Sprinkle Irrigation System

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• B. Rostamian
• E. Maroufpoor
• N. Azarboo
• F. Farzankia

University of Kurdistan

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v0i0.29061

Abstract

Correct understanding of the factors affecting the rate of evaporation l and wind draft losses on sprinkler irrigation systems is important in order to provide guidelines for the development and utilization of water resources. This study was performed to identify the factors affecting the rate of evaporation and wind draft losses and also equations presents for estimating of evaporation and wind draft losses on the fixed head sprinkler irrigation systems, under various conditions of hydraulic and atmospheric. In this study sprinklers of ZK30, ZM22 and AMBO was used. The tests were carried out at the University of Kurdistan research farm located in the village of Doshan with single sprinkler method Accordance with the ISO 7749-1 and ISIRI 8995-3 standards. Evaporation and wind draft Losses were measured at different applied pressures under various conditions of atmospheric. The results showed that parameters of vapor pressure deficit and temperatures had the highest correlation with evaporation and wind draft losses in all three types of sprinklers, and this correlation is significant at the 1% probability level. Also results showed that the correlation between wind velocity and losses is in sprinklers of ZM22 and ZK30 significant at the 1% and 5% probability level respectively and in the sprinkler AMBO is no significant correlation. In overall evaporation and wind draft losses increase to 9.4 percent by increasing of 1 meter per second of wind velocity.

Keywords

• Sprinkler
• Wind speed
• Vapor pressure deficit
• temperature
• Evaporation
• Wind losses

20.1001.1.20084757.1393.28.4.2.4

References

1-باوی ع. 1384. "بررسی تأثیر باد و درجه حرارت بر یکنواختی توزیع و تلفات تبخیر و باد در سیستم آبیاری بارانی کلاسیک ثابت با آبپاش ژاله 3 در منطقه امیدیه". پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد رشته آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی. واحد علوم و تحقیقات اهواز.

2- رحمت‌آبادی و. 1389. "بررسی تلفات تبخیر و باد و ضریب یکنواختی توزیع آبپاش ADF 25° در سیستم آبیاری بارانی کلاسیک ثابت با آبپاش متحرک". پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده کشاورزی. دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز.

3- سازمان مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی کشور (دفتر تدوین ضوابط و معیارهای فنی). 1383. "ضوابط و معیارهای آبیاری تحت فشار (نشریه شماره 286)". انتشارات سازمان مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی کشور.

4- شیخ اسماعیلی ا. 1382. بررسی یکنواختی توزیع آب و تلفات تبخیر و باد در سیستم های آبیاری بارانی کلاسیک ثابت با آبپاش متحرک A-D-5. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده کشاورزی. دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز.

5- رفانیان م.، علیزاده ا.، موسوی بایگی م.، انصاری ح. و باغانی ج. 1387 " مطالعه پتانسیل اثرات تبخیر و بادبردگی یر کارایی سیستمهای آبیاری بارانی در دشتهای کشاورزی خراسان رضوی، شمالی و جنوبی." مجله علوم و صنایع کشاورزی، ویژه آب و خاک، جلد 22، شماره 1.

6- علیزاده ا. 1385. طراحی سیستم‌های آبیاری. جلد دوم، طراحی سیستم‌های آبیاری تحت فشار. انتشارات دانشگاه امام رضا.

7- مؤسسه استاندارد و تحقیقات صنعتی ایران "ماشین‌های کشاورزی- تجهیزات آبیاری- آبپاش‌ها- قسمت سوم: مشخصه‌های توزیع و روش‌های آزمون". استاندارد ملی ایران (ISIRI) 3-8995 چاپ اول.

8- Abu-Zeid M. and Hamdy A. 2008. “Coping with Water Scarcity in Arab World,” The 3rd International Conference on Water Resources and Arid Environments and the 1st Arab Water Forum, p. 26.

9- Alnaizy R. and Simonet D. 2012. Analysis of Water Evaporation and Drift Losses During Irrigation in Semi-arid Areas of Sharjah (UAE) and Riyadh (KSA). Natural Resources Research, Vol. No. 12.

10- Dechmi F., Playan E., Faci M., Tejero M. and Bercero A. 2003. Analysis of an irrigation district in northeastern Spain. Agriculturul water management, 61(1): 93-109.

11- Dechmi F., Playan E., Cavero J., Faci J.M. and Martinez- Cob A. 2003a. Wind effects on solid set sprinkler irrigation depth and corn yied. Irrig. Sci. 22 (2), 67-77.

12- Frost K.R. and Schwalon H.C. 1955. “Sprinkler evaporation losses”. Agric. Eng.

13- ISO-7749/1. 1986. Part 1. “Uniformity of distribution and test methods”. Agricultural irrigation equipment-Rotating sprinklers.

14- ISO-7749/2. 1990. Part 2. “Uniformity of distribution and test methods”. Agricultural irrigation equipment-Rotating sprinklers.

15- Keller J. and Bliesner R.D. 1990. “Sprinkler and Trickle Irrigation”. AVI Book. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York, USA.

16- Montero J., Tarjuelo J.M., Ortega J.F. and De juan J.A. 2000. “Modeling evaporation and drift losses in irrigation with medium size impact sprinklers under semiarid conditions“. Agric.wat.manag, 43, PP 263_284.

17- Montero J., Tarjuelo J.M. and Carrion P. 2003. Sprinkler droplet size distribution measured with an optical spectropluviometer. Irrig. Sci. 22 (2), 47-56.

18- Playan E., Garrido S., Faci J.M. and Galan A. 2004. Characterizig pivot sprinklers using and experimental irrigation machine. Agric. Water Manage. 70 (30), 177-193.

19- Playan E., Salvador R., Faci J.M., Zapata N., Martinez-Cob A. and Sanchez I. 2005. “Day and night wind drift and evaporation losses in sprinkler solid-sets and moving laterals”. Agric. Water Manage.76 (2005) 139–159.

20- Sanchez I., Fasi J.M. and Zapata N. 2011. The effects of pressure, nazzle diameter and meteorological condition on the performance of agricultural impact sprinklers. Agricultural Water Management 102 (2011) 13-24.

21- Tarjuelo J.M., Ortega J.F., Montero J. and De Juan J.A. 1999. "Modeling evaporations and drift losses in irrigation with medium size impact sprinklers under semi-arid condition". Agric Water Management, pp 263-284.

22- Trimmer W.L. 1987. “Sprinkler evaporation losses equation”. ASCE. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 113(4), PP 616-620.

23- Uddin J., Smith R., Hancock N. and Foley J.2010. “ Droplet evaporation losses during sprinkler irrigation: an overview” NCEA, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia.

24- Yacoubi S., Zayani K., Zapata N., Zairi A., Slatni A., Salvador R. and Playan E. 2010. “Day and Night Time Sprinkler Irrigated Tomato: Irrigation Performance and Crop Yield,” Biosystems Engineering, Vol. 107, No. 1, 2010, pp. 25-35.

25- Yacoubi S., Zayani K., Slatni A. and Playan E. 2012. “Assessing Sprinkler Irrigation Performance Using Field Evaluations at the Medjerda Lower Valley of Tunisia” Engineering, No. 4, 2012, pp. 682-691.

26- Yazar A. 1984. “Evaporation and drift losses from sprinkler irrigation system under various operating conditions“. Agric.wat. manage. 8,439_449.