اثر مقدار کود و زئولیت‌های کلسیمی، پتاسیمی و ترکیبی بر کاهش آبشویی نیترات از خاک

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• محسن احمدی
• عباس خاشعی سیوکی
• محمد حسن سیاری

دانشگاه بیرجند

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v30i3.40536

چکیده

آبشویی نیترات نه تنها باعث اتلاف هزینه‌های بسیار زیادی می‌شود بلکه تشدید آلودگی منابع آب را نیز به دنبال خواهد داشت. بدین منظور راه‌های بسیاری برای جلوگیری از آبشویی نیترات پیشنهاد شده است که به دلیل مشکلاتی مانند هزینه بالا و کارایی کم مورد استقبال واقع نشده‌اند. استفاده از زئولیت‌ها یکی از راه‌هایی است که به دلیل ارزانی و توانایی بالا مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور این تحقیق در سال 1392 با 21 تیمار و در 3 تکرار و مجموعاً 63 گلدان در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند انجام شد. تیمار‌های مورد بررسی در این تحقیق شامل نوع زئولیت (کلسیمی: Zca، پتاسیمی: Zk و ترکیبی: Zs) در سه سطح (M0، M2 و M6 به ترتیب شامل صفر، 2 و 6 درصد وزنی) و سه سطح کود اوره (F0، F2 و F4 به ترتیب شامل صفر، 200 و 400 میلی‌گرم در هر کیلوگرم خاک) بود. نتایج نشان داد که نوع زئولیت، مقدار زئولیت، مقدار کود مصرفی، نوع زئولیت×مقدار زئولیت اثر معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال 1 درصد بر آبشویی نیترات داشتند. همچنین اثر متقابل مقدار زئولیت×مقدار کود نیز در سطح احتمال 5 درصد اثر معنی‌داری بر آبشویی نیترات نشان داد. سایر اثرات متقابل معنی‌دار نشدند. در این آزمایش، زئولیت پتاسیمی اثر بیشتری بر کاهش آبشویی نیترات نشان داد. با اعمال 200 و 400 میلی گرم کود اوره، کمترین میزان آبشویی در تیمار ZkM6 مشاهده شد که نسبت به شاهد به ترتیب 47/3 و 61/4 برابر کاهش داشت. با توجه به معنی‌دار نبودن اختلاف تیمارهای ZkM6F2 و ZkM6F4 نسبت به ZcaM2F4، به منظور کاهش مصرف زئولیت، پیشنهاد می‌شود که از تیمار ZcaM2F4 در کشت زعفران استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• زعفران
• کلینوپتیلولایت
• نگهداشت نیترات

20.1001.1.20084757.1395.30.3.14.8

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Amount of Fertilizer and Calcic, Potasic and Soil Zeolite on Reducing Nitrate Leaching from Soil

نویسندگان [English]

• Mohsen Ahmadee
• Abbas Khashei Siuki
• Mohamad Hasan Sayyari

University of Birjand

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Nitrogen is an essential element for plant nutrition. Urea is a common fertilizer that used by farmers due to high nitrogen content in its structure. This fertilizer transforms into nitrate in soil. Nitrate is leached below the rooting zoon of agricultural soil. Nitrate leaching is not only a waste of a great cost, but also causes the pollution of water resources. Methemoglobinemia and cancer are well known issues that caused by nitrate leaching. For this purpose, many methods have been proposed to prevent nitrate leaching but due to high cost and low efficiency are not accepted. Using of zeolites is one of the ways that is considered due to its low cost and ability. Zeolite is a mineral material that found in many regions in Iran. Although effect of zeolite on nitrate leaching reduction was studied by many researchers, but there was no study on common three types of Iranian zeolite.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, a study was conducted as factorial layout based on a CRD with 21 treatments and 3 replications (total of 63 pots) at the Agricultural Research Station (with longitude and latitude 59o 21’ E and 32o 78’ N, respectively, and elevation 1941m), University of Birjand during 2013. Treatments consisted of calcic zeolite (Zca), potasic (Zk) and z-mix (Zs) in three levels: 0 (M0), 2 (M2) and 6 (M6) as wt% and three nitrogen levels: zero (F0), 200 (F2) and 400 (F4) (as mg.kg-1 soil). Natural clinoptilolite zeolite (Zca, Zk and Zs) were collected from Semnan province (53o 15’ E, 35o 25’ N) and analyzed for its chemical composition by X-ray diffraction.
Pots after saffron harvesting irrigated (in October) and urea treatment added to irrigation water (Iranian farmers called as Zaeech Ab). For prepared sufficient drain from all pots, due to different effect of type and amount of zeolite on soil water content, based on former experiments, leaching fraction was considered as 20%. Sample drain from each pot were transferred toa lab, immediately, and were measured by spectrophotometer. Data related to nitrate leaching were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. In this study, SAS 9.1.3 software and Microsoft Excel 2013 were used.
Results and Discussion: Results showed that type of zeolite, amount of zeolite, amount of nitrogen fertilizer, type of zeolite with amount of zeolite (interaction effect) had significant effect (P

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Clinoptilolite
• Nitrate Maintenance
• Saffron

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