تأثیر باکتری‌های ریزوسفری محرک رشد گیاه و فیلتر‌کیک بر رشد و غلظت عناصر غذایی در گیاه اسفناج در برهم‌کنش با علف‌کش

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی ،دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

4 گروه گیاهپزشکی- دانشکده کشاورزی-دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

چکیده

گیاه اسفناج گیاهی حساس به علف­های هرز بوده و علف­کش اختصاصی برای آن وجود نداشته و استفاده از علف­کش­های پیشنهادی مانند متری­بیوزین باعث اختلالات متابولیکی در اسفناج شده که نتیجه آن کاهش مؤلفه­های رشدی و تغذیه­ای در این گیاه می­باشد. در این پژوهش تأثیر باکتری­های ریزوسفری محرک رشد گیاه از گروه سودوموناس (جدایه­هایRUM14  و CHA0) و فیلتر­کیک به عنوان محصول جانبی کارخانه شکر (F) و ماده­ای غنی بر غلظت عناصر غذایی و وزن خشک در گیاه اسفناج بررسی شد. همچنین تأثیر باکتری­های ذکر شده و فیلتر کیک بر کاهش اثرات منفی تنش ناشی از علف­کش متری­بیوزین مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از باکتری­های ریزوسفری محرک رشد و فیلترکیک هر کدام به­تنهایی و یا با استفاده همزمان باعث افزایش غلظت عناصر پرمصرف (فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم) و کم­مصرف (مس، روی و آهن) و همچنین افزایش وزن خشک در گیاه اسفناج می­گردد. از نظر آماری بیشترین افزایش غلظت عناصر و وزن خشک در تیمار استفاده همزمان جدایه RUM14 و فیلترکیک (RUM14+F) مشاهده گردید. همچنین مشخص گردید استفاده از علف­کش متری­بیوزین باعث کاهش غلظت عناصر و وزن خشک می­گردد و از نظر آماری با افزایش مصرف علف­کش این تغییرات افزایش می­یابد. بررسی­های آماری نشان داد که استفاده از باکتری­های ریزوسفری محرک رشد و فیلتر کیک به تنهایی و یا با هم، اثر تنش ناشی از استفاده علف­کش (کاهش وزن خشک و همچنین کاهش غلظت عناصر) را به میزان زیادی در گیاه اسفناج کاهش می­دهد و از نظر اماری تیمار RUM14+F  موثرترین تیمار بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می­دهد که جدایه­های باکتری سودوموناس و فیلترکیک در افزایش رشد گیاه اسفناج، افزایش عناصر پر مصرف و کم مصرف در گیاه اسفناج و همچنین در کاهش تنش ناشی از استفاده از علف­کش مؤثر می­باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Filter Cake on Growth and Nutrient Concentration in Spinach Plant in Interaction with Herbicide

نویسندگان [English]

  • K. Asadzadeh 1
  • H. Nadian 2
  • A. Siahpoosh 3
  • V. Keshavarz-Tohid 4
1 Graduated student from Soil Science Department, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan
2 Professor of soil science, Soil Science Department, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan
3 Assistant professor of agronomy, Production Engineering and Plant Genetics,, Department, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan
4 Plant protection Department- Agriculture Faculty-Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: In recent years, the production of healthy foods through environmentally friendly methods has received much attention. Spinach is a vegetable plant rich in minerals and vitamins which is used in green and cooked forms. Thus, healthy production of this plant with the greatest quantitative and qualitative yield is of particular importance. Weeds as unwanted plants in spinach fields can damage this plant significantly. Nevertheless, spinach is severely sensitive to different herbicides. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), filter cake and metribuzin herbicide on growth and mineral nutrition of spinach plant. In this study, the growth and nutritional parameters of spinach interact with PGPR, filter cake and metribuzin herbicide was also aimed.
Materials and Methods: The spinach seeds (Spinacia oleracea L. Varamin cultivar) were sown in pots containing 40% field soil and 60% sand (10 seeds in each pots). To investigate the impact of PGPR isolates and filter cake on concentration of macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg, and P), micronutrients (Cu, Zn, and Fe) and leaves dry weight, Pseudomonas protogenes CHA0 (CHA0) as a reference strain, P. alloputida RUM14 (RUM14) which was collected from Iranian field soil and 3% by weight of fresh filter cake (F3%) were used. Spinach seedlings were inoculated for 14 days with 50 mL of bacteria strains suspension with optical density one (OD600=1). 3% by weight of filter cake were mixed to soil of pots before sowing the seeds. Metribuzin herbicide at three levels (0 (H0), 50 (H1) and 100 (H2) grams per hectare) were used. The effects of PGPR, filter cake and metribuzin herbicides and their interactions were also studied (CHA0 + F0 + H1, RUM14 + F0+ H1, CHA0­­ +­ F0­ +­ H2, RUM14 + F0 + H2, B0 + F3% + H0, B0 + F3% + H1, B0 + F3% + H2, CHA0 + F3% + H1, RUM14 + F3% + H1, CHA0 + F3% + H2, RUM14 + F3% + H2). The experiment had a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments (3 metribuzin herbicide × 2 filter cake × 3 PGPR) were arranged in factorial combination. The statistical analysis was performed using Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% probability level.
Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the application of PGPR (CHA0 and RUB14), filter cake, and their interaction increased tissue plant concentration of macronutrients, micronutrient and leaf dry weight of spinach plant. Statistically, the highest concentration of P, K, Ca, and Mg macronutrients (5583.30, 83000.00, 10886.70, 10766.60 mg kg-1 dry matter, respectively), Cu, Zn, and Fe micronutrients (22.73, 73.00, and 221.36 mg kg-1 dry matter, respectively) and dry weight of leaves (8.76 g) was observed in treatment of combination of PGPR and filter cake. The application of Metribuzin herbicide led to decline the concentration of macronutrients, micronutrient, and leaf dry weight of spinach plant. The decline increased with increasing herbicide concentration. The lowest concentration of P, K, Ca, and Mg macronutrients (3233.30, 48867.00, 6403.30, and 6283.30 mg kg-1 leaf dry weight, respectively), Cu, Zn, and Fe micronutrient (4.40, 19.50, and 132.66 mg kg-1, respectively), and leaf dry weight (2.83 g) was observed in B0+F0+H2 treatment (using just herbicide 100 g ha-1). However, the detrimental effect of herbicide on leaf dry weight and mineral nutrition of spinach plant were alleviated using the PGPR (CHA0 and RUB14) and filter cake (F3%) either alone or together (RUM14+F3%, CHA0+F3%). Statistically, the greatest alleviation of the detrimental effect of herbicide was observed in the treatment of RUM14+F3%.
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that inoculation of spinach with Pseudomonas PGPR (P. protogenes CHA0, P. alloputida RUM14) with and without filter cake not only improved the growth and mineral nutrition of spinach plant, but also alleviated the detrimental effect of herbicide in the plant. In general, the proper function of PGPR and filter cake in spinach plant growth is due to 1- Supplying more nutrients to the spinach plant due to filter cake rich in nutrients 2- The ability of Pseudomonas bacteria to induce resistance of the plants to stress and supply of some nutrients such as iron due to its ability to produce siderophore 3- Supply of food by filter cake for further growth of PGPR and the possibility of increasing the population of these bacteria. 4- Filter cake rich in organic matter can improve the physical and biological properties of the soil and can provide the better conditions for plant growth and nutrition. The results of this research showed that P. alloputida RUM14 and filter cake can be used as biological and organic fertilizers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Macronutrient elements
  • Micronutrient elements
  • Metribuzin
  • Pseudomonas
  •  

    • Abdollahi L. 2005. Investigation of the effect of filter cake and bagasse as organic fertilizer on changes in carbon content, soil nutrient content, soil properties and growth and yield of sugarcane. Master Thesis of Chamran University. Ahvaz. (In Persian)
    • Abeles F.B. 1968. Herbicide-induced ethylene production: role of the gas in sublethal doses of 2, 4-D. Weed Science 16(4): 498-500.
    • AghaAlikhani M., Iranpour A., and Naghdi Badi H. 2013. Changes in agronomical and phytochemical yield of purple coneflower (Echinaceae purpurea (L.) Moench) under urea and three biofertilizers application. Journal of Medicinal Plants 12(46): 121-136. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Ahmad F., Ahmad I., and Khan M.S. 2008. Screening of free-living rhizospheric bacteria for their multiple plant growth promoting activities. Microbiological Research 163(2): 173-181.
    • Ahmad M., and Kibret M. 2014. Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria current perspective. Journal of King Saud University- Science 26(1): 1–20.
    • Ahmadi A., Najafgholi H.M., Aeini M., and Kakulvand K. 2021. Isolation and Identification of Othello, Atlantis, and Puma Super Herbicide-resistant Bacteria Isolated from the Soil of Wheat Farms 37: 67-77. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Bahmanian H., Nadian H., and Rangzan N. 2018. Investigation of the interaction effect of mycorrhiza fungus and filter cake on the yield of coriander. Agricultural Engineering (Scientific Journal of Agriculture) 43(2): 143-161. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Bakhsh Mohammad Nejad R., and Izadi Darbandi I. 2015. Evaluation of the effect of some herbicides on the growth and yield of (Lallemantia royleana Benth). 6th Chemical management of weeds and herbicides. Birjand, Iran. (In Persian)
    • Bunea A., Andjelkovic M., Socaciu C., Bobis O., Neacsu M., Verhe R., and Van Camp J. 2008. Total and individual carotenoids and phenolic acids content in fresh. Refrigerated and processed spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Food Chemistry 108: 649–656.
    • Chapman H.D. 1965. Cation Exchanges Capacity. p. 891-901. In: C.A. Black (ed.) Methods of soil analysis, part 2. ASA, Madison, WI.
    • Davari Rad M., Nadian H., Rangzan N., and Farkhari M. 2017. Effect of different levels of phosphate and filter cake on some growth and nutritional components of clover plant colonized with Arbuscular mycorrhiza. Bavi, The first national conference on Agricultural and Environmental Sciences of Iran. Mollasani, Iran. (In Persian)
    • Elahi Nik B., Heidari M., Salehi Salmi M., and Nadian H. 2018. The effects of filter cake and calcium nitrate on vegetative growth and the amount of some elements in pistachio seedlings. The second national conference of Iranian pistachios. Rafsanjan, Iran. (In Persian)
    • Estiken A., Yildiz H.E., Ercisli S., Donmez M.F., Turan M., and Gunes A. 2010. Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrient contens of organically growth strawberry. Scientia Horticulture 124(2): 62-66.
    • Fennimore S.A., Smith R.F., and Mc Giffen M.E. 2001. Weed management in fresh market spinach with S-metolachlor. Weed Technology 15(3): 511-516.
    • Gee G.W., Bauder J.W., and Klute A. 1986. Particle-size analysis. p. 383-411. Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods. SSSA, Madison, WI.
    • Georgian A., Shahidi Yasaki A., and Hassan Sarai A. 2014. New methods of recycling and quality improvement of products from the wastes of sugar factories. The first national conference on the development of comprehensive strategic quality in food health. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
    • Ghasem J.N., Nadian H.E., Khalil M.B., Heydari M., and Gharineh M.H. 2015. Influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis on growth and proline content in Leek (Allium porrum) and two genotypes of persian Leek (Allium ampeloprasum ssp. persicum L.) under drought stress. Journal of Plant Production 38(1): 15-26. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Ghasem J.N., Nadian H., Khalili M.B., Heidary M., and Gharineh M. 2015. influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress on some macronutrient uptake in three leek genotypes with different root morphology. Journal of Water and Soil 29(1): 198-209. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Ghazanshahi M.J. 1997. Plant and Soil Analysis. Homa Press, Tehran. (In Persian)
    • Glick B.R. 2014. Bacteria with ACC deaminase can promote plant growth and help to feed the world. Microbiological Research 161(1): 30-39.
    • Gupta M., Kiran S., Gulati A., Singh B., and Tewari R. 2012. Isolation and identification of phosphate solubilizing bacteria able to enhance the growth and aloin-A biosynthesis of Aloe barbadensis Miller. Microbiology Research 167(6): 358-363.
    • Huang H., Zhang S.H., Shan X.Q.B., Chen D., Zhu Y.G., and Bell J.N.B. 2007. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus caledonium) on the accumulation and metabolism of atrazine in maize (Zea mays) and atrazine dissipation in soil. Environmental Pollution 146(2): 452-457.
    • Inanloofar M., Omidi H., and Pazoki A.R. 2013. Morphological, agronomical changes and oil content in purslane (Portulaca oleracea) under drought stress and biological/chemical fertilizer of nitrogen. Journal of Medicinal Plants 12(48): 170-184. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Inthama P., Pumas P., Pathom-Aree W., Pekkoh J., and Pumas C. 2021. Plant Growth and Drought Tolerance-Promoting Bacterium for Bioremediation of Paraquat Pesticide Residues in Agriculture Soils. Frontiers in Microbiology 12: 446.
    • Jackson M.L. 1969. Soil Chemical Analysis-Advanced Course. Soil Chemical Analysis-Advanced Course. University of Wisconsin press, Madison.
    • Jilani S., and Khan M.A. 2006. Biodegradation of Cypermethrin by pseudomonas in a batch activated sludge process. Journal of Environmental Science & Technology 3(4): 371-380.
    • Keshavarz-Tohid V., Taheri P., Muller D., Prigent-Combaret C., Vacheron J., Taghavi S.M., Tarighi S., and Moenne-Loccoz Y. 2017. Phylogenetic diversity and antagonistic traits of root and rhizosphere pseudomonads of bean from Iran for controlling Rhizoctonia solani. Research in Microbiology 168)8): 760-772.
    • Keshavarz-Tohid V., Taheri P., Taghavi S.M., and Tarighi S. 2016. The role of nitric oxide in basal and induced resistance in relation with hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant enzymes. Journal of Plant Physiology 199: 29-38.
    • Keshavarz-Tohid V., Vacheron J., Dubost A., Prigent-Combaret C., Taheri P., Tarighi S., Taghavi S.M., Moenne-Loccoz Y., and Muller D. 2019. Genomic, phylogenetic and catabolic re-assessment of the Pseudomonas putida clade supports the delineation of Pseudomonas alloputida nov., Pseudomonas inefficax sp. nov., Pseudomonas persica sp. nov., and Pseudomonas shirazica sp. nov. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 42(4): 468-480.
    • Kuffner M., Puschenreiter M., Wieshammer G., Gorfer M., and Sessitsch A. 2008. Rhizosphere bacteria affect growth and metal uptake of heavy metal accumulating willows, Plant Soil 304)2): 35-44.
    • Lindsay W.L., and Norvell W.A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of American Journal 42(3): 421-428.
    • Madhaj A., and Sabet Zangeneh H. 2015. Chemical control of spinach weeds (Spinacia oleracea). Mashhad, Journal of Plant Protection 29(4): 511-520. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Mahmoudzadeh M., Rasouli Sedghiani H., and Asgari Lajair H. 2015. The effect of rhizosphere bacteria stimulating plant growth and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on morphological characteristics and concentrations of high consumption elements of peppermint (Mentha piperita) in greenhouse conditions. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Cultivation 24(6): 155-167. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Makarian H., Poozesh V., Asghari H.R., and Nazari M. 2016. Interaction Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi and Soil Applied Herbicides on Plant Growth. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 47(5): 619-629.
    • Manjezi H., Moradi Talawat M., Siadat A., Kouchakzadeh A., and Hamdi H. 2014. The effect of application of sugarcane Filter cake, chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer on the yield and quality of rapeseed and some soil properties. Journal of Crop Improvement 16(2): 445-457. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Mitter E.K., Tosi M., Obregón D., Dunfield K.E., and Germida J.J. 2021. Rethinking crop nutrition in times of modern microbiology: innovative biofertilizer technologies. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 29.
    • Nadian H. 2011. Effect of drought stress and mycorrhizal symbiosis on growth and phosphorus uptake by two Sorghum cultivars different in root morphology. Journal of Water and Soil Science 15(57): 127-139. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Nadian H., Heidari M., Gharineh M.H., and Daneshvar M.H. 2013. The effects of different levels of sodium chloride and mycorrhizal colonization on growth, P, K and Na uptake by saffron (Crocus sativus). Journal of Plant Productions 36(2):49-59. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Nadian H., Jafari S., and Sadeghzadeh B. 2015. Effect of different levels of salinity and urea fertilizer on growth components, proline content, ionic composition of straw syrup and absorption of some nutrients by sugarcane (commercial variety CP69-1062). Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 8(1): 53-61. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Nikmehr S., Akhgar A., Madah Hosseini Sh., and Mozaffari V. 2014. The effect of Pseudomonas phosphate-soluble fluorescents and phosphorus fertilizers on growth and nutrient uptake in sesame plant. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production 4(3): 61-86. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Olsen S.R., Sommers L.E., and Page A.L. 1982. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties of Phosphorus p. 403-430. Agronomy monograph, ASA, Academic Press, Madison.
    • Ortega-Galisteo A.P., Rodríguez-Serrano M., Pazmiño D.M., Gupta D.K., Sandalio L.M., and Romero-Puertas M.C. 2012. S-Nitrosylated proteins in pea (Pisum sativum) leaf peroxisomes: changes under abiotic stress. Journal of Experimental Botany 63(5): 2089-2103.
    • Pauzesh Shirazi M., and Rakhshandero M. 2008. Studying the effects of irrigation regimes, plant density and cultivation method on spinach yield. Water and Soil Science 22(2): 187-198 (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Peyvast Gh. 2011. Vegetable. Guilan University Press. (In Persian)
    • Poshtdar A., Siadat A., Abdali Mashhadi A., Moosavi A., and Hamdi H. 2012. Comparison between application of PGPR bacteria and chemical fertilizers on quality and total silage yield of maize under different organic seed bed. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 11(4): 713-717.
    • Rezaei D., Haghnia Gh., Lakzian A., Hassanzadeh Khayyat M., and Nasirly H. 2011. Study of Atrazine Biodegradation by Pseudomonas fluorescence and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (In Vitro). Journal of Water and Soil 25(4): 799-806. (In Persian with English abstract).
    • Rhoades J. 1986. soluble salt. p. 167-180. in: A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeny, D.R (eds). Methods of Soil Analysis, part 2. chemical and microbiological properties. 2nd edition ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
    • Safari-Zargani H., Nadian H., Rangzan N., and Moradi-Talavat M. 2021. Effect of Different Levels of Salinity, Zinc, and Sulfur Inoculated with Thiobacillus on Rapeseed Growth Parameters and Some Nutrient Uptake (Brassica napus). Iranian Journal of Soil Research 34(4): 529-545. (In Persian with English abstract)
    • Sharifi M. 2014. The effect of filter cake fertilizers, humic acid and humic base on quantitative and qualitative components of sugarcane under different salinity levels. Master Thesis of Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Press, 125p. (In Persian)
    • Shirmardi M., Savaghebi G., Khavazi K., Farahbakhsh M., Rejali F., and Sadat A. 2010. Investigation of mycorrhiza and Pseudomonas on leaf water potential and yield of two sunflower (Helianthus annus) cultivars in a saline soil. Iran Soil and Water Research Journal 2: 221-228. (In Persian with English abstract).
    • Thomas G.W. 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. p. 475-490. In: D.L. Sparks et al. (eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part III, 3rd Ed. ASA, Madison, WI.
    • Waling I., Vark V.I.W., Houba V.J.G., and Van der Lee J.J. 1989. Soil and plant analysis, a series of syllabi, part 7: Plant analysis procedures. Wageningen Agricultural University Press, Wageningen.
    • Walkley A., and Black I.A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 37(1): 29-38.
    • Yang J., Kloepper J.W., and Ryu C.M. 2009. Rhizosphere bacteria help plants tolerate abiotic stress. Trends in Plant Science 14(1): 1-4.
    • Zand I., Baghestani M., Shimi P., and Faghih A. 2003. An Analysis on the Management of Herbicides in Iran. Tehran University Press. (In Persian)
CAPTCHA Image