اثر تغذیه زیستی و پرایمینگ بذر بر رشد و عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های نخود کابلی (Cicer arietinum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 گروه بقولات، پژوهشکده علوم گیاهی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به‌منظور مطالعه اثر تغذیه زیستی و پرایمینگ بذر بر رشد و عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های امیدبخش نخود کابلی MCC463)، MCC741، ILC8617، ILC72، FLIP02-51C) آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 98–1397 اجرا گردید. عوامل آزمایش شامل تیمارهای تغذیه‌ای به‌عنوان کرت‌های اصلی و ژنوتیپ‌های نخود به‌عنوان کرت‌های فرعی بود. تیمارهای تغذیه‌ای شامل: 1- پرایمینگ بذر همراه با کاربرد باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن، باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات و باکتری حل‌کننده پتاسیم (P+BF) 2- کاربرد باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن، باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات و باکتری حل‌کننده پتاسیم (BF) 3- کاربرد باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن، باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات و باکتری حل‌کننده پتاسیم همراه با محلول‌پاشی اسیدآمینه، پتاسیم و سیلیسیم (BF+F) 4 -پرایمینگ بذر همراه با کاربرد باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن، باکتری حل‌کننده فسفات و باکتری حل‌کننده پتاسیم همراه با محلول‌پاشی اسیدآمینه، پتاسیم و سیلیسیم (P+BF+F) و 5- شاهد (بدون تغذیه) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل a در BF در ژنوتیپ MCC463 حاصل شد که نسبت به شاهد 3/1 برابر افزایش داشت. بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل b در BF+F در ژنوتیپ FLIP02-51 به‌دست آمد. بیشترین شاخص سطح سبز در ژنوتیپ MCC741 در P+BF حاصل گردید. بیشترین زیست‌توده تولیدی در BF+F در ژنوتیپ ILC8617 مشاهده شد که 24 درصد در مقایسه با شاهد بیشتر بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در ژنوتیپ MCC741 در BF با 1590 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد که نسبت به شاهد افزایش 2 برابری داشت. به‌طورکلی می‌توان عنوان کرد که استفاده از کودهای زیستی سبب بهبود اغلب صفات گیاه نخود در شرایط مزرعه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Bio-Nutrition and Seed Priming on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Kaboli Type

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Auobi 1
  • J. Nabati 2
  • Ahmad Nezami 1
  • M. Kafi 1
1 Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 legume Department,, Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The excessive use of chemical fertilizers devastates soil fertility and causes different types of environmental pollution. Therefore, using adequate eco-friendly fertilizers in agriculture enhances productivity but has no adverse effect on nature. Recently, there has been reported that beneficial soil microbes produce some volatile organic compounds, which are beneficial to plants. The amendment of these microbes with locally available organic materials and nanoparticles is currently used to formulate biofertilizers for increasing plant productivity. These bacteria are naturally present in soils, but their population decreases for a long time because of long-term environmental stress, improper use of chemical agents, and the absence of a suitable host plant. Adding these bacteria to the soil, before or during the growing season, increases the growth and production of agricultural products. Since available water is the main growth limiting factor in chickpea cultivation, it is useful to improve nutrition, especially using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, for accelerating the growth and development of plants at the end of the season.
Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the effect of bio-nutrition and seed priming on growth and yield of chickpea genotypes (MCC463, MCC741, ILC8617, ILC72, FLIP02-51C) an experiment was carried in split plots based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in 2019. Experimental factors included nutritional treatments as the main plots and chickpea genotypes as the subplots. Nutritional treatments were 1- seed priming with the use of free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria (P + BF), 2- free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria before sowing (BF), 3- seed priming with the application of free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria with foliar application of amino acid, potassium and silicon during growth stages (P + BF + F), 4- application of free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria before planting with foliar application of amino acid, potassium and silicon during growth stages (BF + F), and 5- control (without biological and chemical fertilizers). Free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria were sprayed five liters per hectare on the soil surface before planting with 107 CFU per ml and mixed with soil. Foliar application with amino acid (1:1000) was done in two stages (before flowering and 50% flowering stage), and foliar application with potassium (1:1000) and silicon (1.5:1000) was carried out in the 50% flowering stage.
Results and Discussion: Results showed that the highest concentration of chlorophyll a was obtained for BF and MCC463 with an increase of 3.1 times greater than control. The highest concentration of chlorophyll b was obtained for BF + F and FLIP02-51. The highest green area index was recorded for MCC741 in P + BF. The highest number of pods per plant in MCC463 and FLIP02-51 was observed in BF + F, with 88 and 30% more than the control, respectively. The highest biomass produced was obtained for ILC8617 and BF + F, by 24% higher than the control. ILC72 and MCC463 showed the highest grain yield in P + BF + F treatment, which increased grain yield by 35% and 4% (320 and 50 kg/ha), respectively, with respect to control. MCC741under BF treatment showed a doubled (810 kg/ha) grain yield relative to control. The highest grain yield for P + BF was found in ILC8617 and increased by 28% (340 kg/ha) as compared to control. In this genotype, grain yield in BF + F was also significantly greater than that in the control by 22%, (270 kg/ha). FLIP02-51 grain yield in BF increased by 12% (170 kg/ha) as compared with the control.
Conclusion: In terms of seed yield, ILC72 and MCC463 were more responsive to P + BF + F and ILC8617 and FLIP02-51 in the BF and ILC8617 in P + BF with respect to other treatments. It seems that despite the positive effect of biofertilizer, genetic characteristics of genotypes are influential in plant growth and yield; therefore, it is necessary to select the appropriate genotype for each region so as to make the most utilization of the nutrients and achieve high yield.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amino acids
  • Biofertilizer
  • Foliar application
  • Priming
  • Silicone
  1. Akbari P., Ghalavand A., and Modarres Sanavi S.A.M. 2009. Effects of different nutrition systems (organic, chemical and integrated) and biofertilizer on yield and other growth traits of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Sustainable Agricultural Science 19(1): 85-96. (In Persian with English abstract)
  2. Asadi R.H., Khavazi K., Asgharzadeh A., Rejali F., and Afshari M. 2012. Biofertilizers in Iran: Opportunities and challenges. Iranian Journal of Soil Research 26(1): 77-87. (In Persian with English abstract)
  3. Biswas J.C., Ladha J.K., Dazzo F.B., Yanni Y.G., and Rolfe B.G. 2000. Rhizobial inoculation influences seedling vigor and yield of rice. Agronomy Journal 92(5): 880-886.
  4. Chau C.F., and Cheung P.C.K. 1998. Functional properties of flours prepared from three Chinese indigenous legume seeds. Food Chemistry 61(4): 429-433.
  5. Costa M.L., Civello P.M., Chaves A.R., and Martínez G.A. 2005. Effect of ethephon and 6-benzylaminopurine on chlorophyll degrading enzymes and a peroxidase-linked chlorophyll bleaching during post-harvest senescence of broccoli (Brassica oleracea) at 20 C. Postharvest Biology and Technology 35(2): 191-199.
  6. El-Naggar A., de Neergaard A., El-Araby A., and Høgh-Jensen H. 2009. Simultaneous uptake of multiple amino acids by wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition 32(5): 725-740.
  7. Etesami H., and Maheshwari D.K. 2018. Use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) with multiple plant growth promoting traits in stress agriculture: Action mechanisms and future prospects. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 156: 225-246.
  8. Ghassemi-Golezani K., Aliloo A.A., Valizadeh M., and Moghaddam M. 2008. Effects of hydro and osmo-priming on seed germination and field emergence of lentil (Lens culinaris). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 36(1): 29-33.
  9. Hassanpanah D., Gurbanov E., Gadimov A., and Shahriari R. 2008. Shortening transplantation periods of potato plantlets by use of potassium humate and kadostim and their effects on mini-tuber production. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11(10): 1370-1374.
  10. Hegazi A.M., and El-Shraiy A.M. 2007. Impact of salicylic acid and paclobutrazol exogenous application on the growth, yield and nodule formation of common bean. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 1(4): 834-840.
  11. Hu J., Xie X.J., Wang Z.F., and Song W.J. 2006. Sand priming improves alfalfa germination under high-salt concentration stress. Seed Science and Technology 34(1): 199-204.
  12. Iran Agriculture Statistics. 2018. Volume I: Crops. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Iran. (In Persian)
  13. Jahan M., Aryaee M., Amiri M., and Ehyaee H. 2013. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Sesamum indicum with application of cover crops of Lathyrus sp. and Persian clover (Trifolium resopinatum L.). Journal of Agroecology 5(1): 1-15. (In Persian with English abstract)
  14. Kaur M., and Singh N. 2005. Studies on functional, thermal and pasting properties of flours from different chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars. Food Chemistry 91(3): 403-411.
  15. Kaur S., Gupta A.K., and Kaur N. 2006. Effect of hydro-and osmopriming of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seeds on enzymes of sucrose and nitrogen metabolism in nodules. Plant Growth Regulation 49(2): 177-182.
  16. Kaymak H.Ç., Güvenç İ., Yarali F., and Dönmez M.F. 2009. The effects of bio-priming with PGPR on germination of radish (Raphanus sativus) seeds under saline conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 33(2): 173-179.
  17. Khaleghnezhad V.A.H.I.D.E.H., and Jabbari F. 2014. Effect of seed inoculation with Rhizobium and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield and yield components of chickpea in irrigated and rainfed conditions. Journal of Crops Improvement 16(4): 957-972. (In Persian with English abstract)
  18. Kumar S., Pandey P., and Maheshwari D.K. 2009. Reduction in dose of chemical fertilizers and growth enhancement of sesame (Sesamum indicum) with application of rhizospheric competent Pseudomonas aeruginosa LES4. European Journal of Soil Biology 45(4): 334-340.
  19. Liu X.Q., Ko K.Y., Kim S.H., and Lee K.S. 2007. Effect of amino acid fertilization on nitrate assimilation of leafy radish and soil chemical properties in high nitrate soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 39(1-2): 269-281.
  20. Lu Y., Song S., Wang R., Liu Z., Meng J., Sweetman A.J., Jenkins A., Ferrier R.C., Li H., Luo W., and Wang T. 2015. Impacts of soil and water pollution on food safety and health risks in China. Environment International 77: 5-15.
  21. Majnoon Hosseini N., Mohammadi H., Poustini K., and Zeinaly Khanghah H. 2003. Effect of plant density on agronomic characteristics, chlorophyll content and stem remobilization percentage in chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum). Iranian Journal Agriculture Science 34(4): 1011-1019. (In Persian with English abstract)
  22. Malboubi M.A., and Habibpour Mehraban F. 2018. Agricultural biotechnology and food safety. Strategic Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 3(1): 103-112.
  23. Mohammadi K., and Sohrabi Y. 2012. Bacterial biofertilizers for sustainable crop production: a review. Journal Agriculture Biological Science 7(5): 307-316.
  24. Nezami A., Poramir F., Momeni S., Porsa H., Ganjeali A., and Bagheri A. 2012. Evaluation of a subset of chickpea germplasm collection of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Seed Bank II. Kabuli type chickpeas. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 3(1): 17-30. (In Persian with English abstract)
  25. Parida A.K., and Das A.B. 2005. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 60(3): 324-349.
  26. Posmyk M.M., and Janas K.M. 2007. Effects of seed hydropriming in presence of exogenous proline on chilling injury limitation in Vigna radiata seedlings. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 29(6): 509-517.
  27. Salardini A.A., and Mojtahedi M. 1988. Principles of plant nutrition. Tehran University Center Press. Iran. (In Persian)
  28. Salvagiotti F., Castellarín J.M., Miralles D.J., and Pedrol H.M. 2009. Sulfur fertilization improves nitrogen use efficiency in wheat by increasing nitrogen uptake. Field Crops Research 113(2): 170-177.
  29. Selosse M.A., Baudoin E., and Vandenkoornhuyse P. 2004. Symbiotic microorganisms, a key for ecological success and protection of plants. Comptes Rendus Biologies 327(7): 639-648.
  30. Shehata S.M., Abdel-Azem H.S., Abou El-Yazied A., and El-Gizawy A.M. 2011. Effect of foliar spraying with amino acids and seaweed extract on growth chemical constitutes, yield and its quality of celeriac plant. European Journal of Scientific Research 58(2): 257-265.
  31. Solaiman A.R.M., Rabbani M.G., and Molla M.N. 2005. Effects of inoculation of Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhiza, poultry litter, nitrogen, and phosphorus on growth and yield in chickpea. Korean Journal of Crop Science 50(4): 256-261.
  32. Şükran D.E.R.E., GÜNEŞ T., and Sivaci R. 1998. Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll-A, B and total carotenoid contents of some algae species using different solvents. Turkish Journal of Botany 22(1): 13-18.
  33. Szepesi Á. 2005. Role of salicylic acid pre-treatment on the acclimation of tomato plants to salt-and osmotic stress. Acta Biologica Szegediensis 49(1-2): 123-125.
  34. Thornton B., and Robinson D. 2005. Uptake and assimilation of nitrogen from solutions containing multiple N sources. Plant, Cell and Environment 28(6): 813-821.
  35. Unkovich M., Baldock J., and Forbes M. 2010. Variability in harvest index of grain crops and potential significance for carbon accounting: examples from Australian agriculture. Advances in Agronomy 105: 173-219.
  36. Vadivel V., and Janardhanan K. 2001. Nutritional and anti-nutritional attributes of the under-utilized legume, Cassia floribunda Cav. Food Chemistry 73(2): 209-215.
  37. Walker A.J. 2001. The effects of soil fertilizer, nitrogen and moisture on yield, oil and protein of flaxseed. Field Crop Research 932: 101-114.
  38. Zahir Z.A., Ghani U., Naveed M., Nadeem S.M., and Asghar H.N. 2009. Comparative effectiveness of Pseudomonas and Serratia sp. containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under salt-stressed conditions. Archives of Microbiology 191(5): 415-424.
CAPTCHA Image