Sh. Ashrafi; Hossin Sadrghaen; J. Baghani
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of irrigation, crop densities and cropping patterns on corn (KSC700 variety) water use efficiency using subsurface drip irrigation system, three field experiments were carried out in 2005 and 2006 in Karaj. Experimental design was split plot design ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of irrigation, crop densities and cropping patterns on corn (KSC700 variety) water use efficiency using subsurface drip irrigation system, three field experiments were carried out in 2005 and 2006 in Karaj. Experimental design was split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. In the first experimental Field, main plots were Three irrigation levels: 50%, 75% and 100% ET and sub plots were three plant densities: 65000, 75000 and 85000 plant per hectare and sub-sub plots were two planting patterns: one and two row plants per bed. Results showed that increasing the levels of irrigation from 50% to 100% of the plant water requirement, has a significant effect on yield and yield components. Results obtained from two years experiment showed that irrigation levels of 50% and 100% ET had the minimum and maximum yield values of 3.65, 12.28 and 3.58, 12.89 ton per hectare in years of 2005 and 2006 respectfully. Calculation on water use efficiency showed that treatments located to 75% and 100% ET groups have maximum water use efficiency compared to 50% ET treatments. This means that corn is a plant which is highly sensitive to deficit irrigation. It is recommended in area where there is no limitation in water resources, application of 100% ET for maintaining crop water requirement is suggested. In area where water resources is limited, it is suggested to maintain only 75% of crop water requirement by using subsurface drip irrigation method for corn production.
H. Afshar; Hossin Sadrghaen
Abstract
In areas with limited water resources, one of the main goals of irrigation is to maximize the water per unit volume. In corn planting two major options for increasing of water productivity are plant density and growing pattern. In order to achieve the above goal in Corn” Karaj 700”, an study was ...
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In areas with limited water resources, one of the main goals of irrigation is to maximize the water per unit volume. In corn planting two major options for increasing of water productivity are plant density and growing pattern. In order to achieve the above goal in Corn” Karaj 700”, an study was conducted in strip split plots in frame of complete randomized block design with 3 replications in Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center for 3 years. Irrigation treatments were subsurface drip irrigation with 3 levels (50, 75 and 100 percent of full water requirement) in the vertical plots and plant density with 3 levels (65,75 and 85 thousands plants per hectare) in horizontal plots. In addition sub plots were including one and two rows planting pattern on 75 cm furrows. The results showed that irrigation water affected only on corn yield. The maximum yield in all three years was achieved by 100 percent of full water requirement treatment and the minimum yield was observed in 50 percent of full water requirement. The effect of subsurface drip irrigation on water consumption was not significant in the first year but it was significant in the last two years. The most water consumption was achieved by 100 percent of full water requirement treatment. Besides 3 levels of plant density and 2 planting types were not affected on water consumption. Plant height was affected by water quantity in 3 years furthermore this trait was affected by planting type in the second and third year. The maximum and the minimum of plant height were in 100 percent of full water requirement and 50 percent of of full water requirement respectively. The weight of 300 grains in different treatments was affected by planting type in the second year and in the third year this trait was affected by irrigation levels.
H. Afshar; Hossin Sadrghaen; hamid reza mehrabadi
Abstract
To decree evapotranspiration from soil surface and improving irrigation efficiency and reduce water usage in cotton cultivation , plastic mulch was applied in furrow irrigation. This study was performed as a split plot experiment in capability randomized complete block design, in 3 replications. The ...
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To decree evapotranspiration from soil surface and improving irrigation efficiency and reduce water usage in cotton cultivation , plastic mulch was applied in furrow irrigation. This study was performed as a split plot experiment in capability randomized complete block design, in 3 replications. The experiment was located in Khorasan Razavi –Kashmar- Kashmar agricultural research station and was applied in 2 years, 2004-2005. The treatments were consist of irrigation period at three levels ; 6, 9 and 12 days as main plot and plastic mulch at three levels I-black plastic mulch, II- white plastic mulch and III- control (without plastic mulch)as a subplot on furrow irrigation. Each treatment was irrigated up to field capacity. The results showed that application of plastic mulch used better water usage and black plastic mulch was more effective. Meanwhile The results showed that the use of plastic mulch had significant effect on reducing of weed growth, plant height increasing, yield and water use efficiency in respect with control.
S.H. Sadreghaen
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the best micro irrigation system for pepper cultivation during two years. The goal of this study was water saving and reduction the disease progress (Phytophthora capsici) in the field condition. Experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete blocks ...
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This study was conducted to determine the best micro irrigation system for pepper cultivation during two years. The goal of this study was water saving and reduction the disease progress (Phytophthora capsici) in the field condition. Experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Three different drip irrigation methods; drip irrigation with in-line emitter tubes, drip irrigation (tape), and drip irrigation with porous pipes as main plot and three different amount of water (50, 75 & 100% water requirement) were as sub-plot. The result showed that the drip irrigation had the highest effect on disease control. The drip irrigation (tape) with 100% and 75% water requirement treatments had the lowest progress of Phytophthora capsici.In the first year the effect of irrigation method on yield and progress of Phytophthora capsici was significant. The effect of irrigation levels on the characteristics of plant except yield was no significant (α < 0.01), but the effect of irrigation methods on water use efficiency was significant (α < 0.05). The drip irrigation (tape) with 100% and 75% water requirement treatment had the highest water use efficiency. In the second year the effect of irrigation levels and irrigation methods on yield was significant (α < 0.05), but the effects of combination of irrigation levels and methods on yield was not significant. The drip irrigation (tape) with 100% water requirement treatment had the highest yield. The result in two years showed that the pepper is a sensitive plant to water deficit. The drip irrigation (tape) and 100% water requirement treatment had the highest yield (7214 Kg) and water use efficiency (1.311 Kg/m3). The result also showed that the porous pipes had no good efficiency. According to the results, the best option for pepper is drip irrigation (tape) with using 100% water requirement.
S.H. Sadrghaen; J. Baghani; S.A. Haghayeghi Moghaddam; M. Akbari
Abstract
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the best drip irrigation method for pepper cultivation with the objective of water saving and obtaining maximum yield. The study was done during two years. Experimental design was randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) in split plot with four replications. ...
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Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the best drip irrigation method for pepper cultivation with the objective of water saving and obtaining maximum yield. The study was done during two years. Experimental design was randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) in split plot with four replications. Three different drip irrigation methods; drip irrigation with in-line emitter tubes, drip irrigation (tape), and drip irrigation with porous pipes as main plot and three different amount of water (50, 75 & 100% water requirement) were as sub-plot. The result in the first year showed that the effect of irrigation levels on the characteristics of plant except yield was no significant (α < 0.01), but the effect of irrigation methods on water use efficiency was significant (α < 0.05) .In the second year the effect of irrigation levels and irrigation methods on yield was significant (α < 0.05), but the effects of combination irrigation levels and methods on yield was not significant. The result in two years showed that the pepper is a sensitive plant to water deficit. The drip irrigation (tape) and 100% water requirement treatment had the highest yield and water use efficiency. The result also showed that the porous pipes had no good efficiency. According to the results, the best option for pepper is drip irrigation (tape) with using 100% water requirement.
Keywords: Drip irrigation, Pepper, Porous pipes, Tape irrigation, Water use efficiency
H. Sadrghaen; M. Akbari; H. Afshar; M.M. Nakhjavanimoghaddam
Abstract
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the impacts of different drip irrigation method and amount of water on yield and water use efficiency of tomato in Varamin Agricultural Research Center, Iran. The study was done during two years. Experimental design was randomized complete blocks design ...
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Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the impacts of different drip irrigation method and amount of water on yield and water use efficiency of tomato in Varamin Agricultural Research Center, Iran. The study was done during two years. Experimental design was randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) in split plot with three replications. Three different drip irrigation method; surface drip irrigation with in-line emitter tubes, surface drip irrigation (tape), and subsurface drip irrigation (tape) as main plot and three different amount of water (50, 75 & 100% water requirement) were as sub-plot. The result showed that subsurface drip irrigation (tape) and 100% water requirement treatment has the highest yield, but there was no significant difference between it and surface drip irrigation with in-line emitter tubes and 75% water requirement treatment. Water use efficiency in surface drip irrigation with in-line emitter tubes with 75% water use and subsurface drip irrigation (tape) with 100% water use were greater than other treatments. According to the results, under no limitation on water resources, the best option is subsurface drip irrigation (tape) with using 100% water requirement and under water limitation the best option is surface drip irrigation with in-line emitter tubes using 75% water requirement.
Keywords: Micro Irrigation, Water Use Efficiency, Tomato, Varamin
M.M. Nakhjavanimoghaddam; H. Dehghanisanij; M. Akbari; H. Sadrghaen
Abstract
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of different depths of irrigation by sprinkler irrigation system on water use efficiency (WUE) of new early maize cultivar KSC302, an experiments was carried out in Karj during 2006 and 2007. Experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete blocks ...
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Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of different depths of irrigation by sprinkler irrigation system on water use efficiency (WUE) of new early maize cultivar KSC302, an experiments was carried out in Karj during 2006 and 2007. Experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Main plots were three irrigation levels: 75%, 100% and 125% ETc (estimating by Penman Monteith model) and sub plots were three plants densities: 80000, 90000 and 100000 plants per hectare. The results showed that increasing in the levels of irrigation from 75% ETc to 125% ETc, has a significant effect on yield. Yield increase in 125% ETc treatment indicated that water requirement has not fully supplied in 100% Etc treatment, and the effect of deficit irrigation was intensified in 75% ETc treatment. Maximum maize WUE was (1.159 and 1.044 kg m-3) for 100% ETc treatment in the first and second years, respectively. Maize WUE of 1.1 kg m-3 was recommended as optimum level to be considered in cropping system for Karaj. Applied irrigation depth for optimum level of maize WUE was 900 mm.
Keywords: Single cross 302 maize, Sprinkler irrigation, Yield , Water use efficiency
S.H. Sadrghaen; Gh. Zarei; A. Haghayeghi Moghaddam
Abstract
Abstract
Water is one of the most essential parameters for crop production. There is a direct relation between crop yield and water use in plants. Agriculture in arid regions has special aspects. In these areas, agriculture is limited by water and irrigation. Therefore, agricultural practices are organized ...
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Abstract
Water is one of the most essential parameters for crop production. There is a direct relation between crop yield and water use in plants. Agriculture in arid regions has special aspects. In these areas, agriculture is limited by water and irrigation. Therefore, agricultural practices are organized for optimum water use and maximum yield per unit volume of water which is used. Sprinkler irrigation is one of the methods which has important role in suitable use of water and increasing water use efficiency (WUE). In this research, water use efficiency and yield (quantity and quality) of sugar beet in sprinkler and furrow irrigation was studied in Mashhad, Karaj and Esfahan. In the first year, experiments were done in three locations based on T student test without replications. In the second year, experiments were done in three replicates with randomized block arrangement in Mashhad and Karaj. Irrigation treatments were sprinkler, conventional and cut back furrow irrigation. Water requirement in sprinkler irrigation treatment was calculated based on Penman-Monteith method. Ordinary furrow irrigation treatment applied according farmers' conventional methods. Also, cut back irrigation treatment was applied based on reducing irrigation discharge to 0.6-0.7 after delivering of water to the end of furrows. Results showed that there were significant different in root yield, net and gross sugar yield, water use efficiency and sugar content between experimental regions. However, there was significant difference in root yield and water use efficiency between irrigation treatments. The sprinkler irrigation treatment produced the highest root yield (56.5 ton/ha). The cut back and conventional furrow irrigation treatments produced root yield of 48 and 43.6 ton/ha, respectively and were place in the same statistical level. Root and gross sugar water use efficiency in sprinkler irrigation treatment were 5.55 and 0.86 kg/mЗ, respectively. This treatment was better and has significance difference with two other irrigation treatments. Although, cut beck irrigation had better performance compared to conventional furrow irrigation but in overall, sprinkler irrigation treatment had better performance in used water, irrigation efficiency, root yield, sugar yield and WUE with respect to furrow irrigations. According to obtained results, it is recommended that in regions with limited water resources, sprinkler irrigation has been applied for increasing yield and WUE. However, in region with limitation in application of sprinkler irrigation methods (such as high speed winds, heavy soils, etc.), it is recommended that modified furrow irrigation method such as cut back method has been applied for increasing irrigation efficiency and WUE.
Keywords: Sprinkler irrigation, Furrow irrigation, Water productivity, Sugar beet
