H.R. Javani; A. Liaghat; A. Hassanoghli
Abstract
Based on limited water resources, increasing population, the need for high volume production and waste disposal, it is necessary to increase the reuse of wastewater. Artificial recharge using one of the most important methods of wastewater re-use of this resource is valuable. Necessary in order to utilization ...
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Based on limited water resources, increasing population, the need for high volume production and waste disposal, it is necessary to increase the reuse of wastewater. Artificial recharge using one of the most important methods of wastewater re-use of this resource is valuable. Necessary in order to utilization of artificial recharge system was conducted. In order to simulate the physical conditions of artificial recharge ponds PVC cylindrical column of diameter 30 cm and height of 250 cm was used. Columns filled by Sandy loam soil and Mahdasht Alborz Province treated wastewater was used for artificial recharge system in the College of Agriculture, Tehran University. Two strategies using geotextile lining and coating materials are coarse debris on the soil surface and a bare soil, water infiltration into the soil to improve the approach was evaluated in terms of permanently flooded. Values of BOD5, COD coliform, fecal coliform, nitrates and phosphorus inputs and outputs of the column effluent were measured. The results indicate the high efficiency of columns of soil, covered with geotextile, the amounts of percentage removal of BOD5, COD, coliform, fecal coliform and phosphorus, average 84/7, 77, 99/5, 99/7 and 79/9 and efficiency of all columns in the nitrate removal was low. Using geotextile cover and building materials in addition to reducing transport emissions, the use of the soil as well as the filter increases. Also due to its low cost and ease of preparation, may change or modify these materials to improve soil penetration.
A. Hassanoghli
Abstract
Produced sludge from wastewater treatment plants is a source of macro and micro nutrients and organic matters which is needed for agriculture. On the other hand, application of sludge with no criterion may cause some health risks and also, soil and surface water and ground water resources pollution may ...
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Produced sludge from wastewater treatment plants is a source of macro and micro nutrients and organic matters which is needed for agriculture. On the other hand, application of sludge with no criterion may cause some health risks and also, soil and surface water and ground water resources pollution may be followed. In this regards, the effect of different amounts of sewage sludge used as organic fertilizer in compare with chemical fertilizers on transport of minerals below the root zone and yield and yield components in soybean cultivation were studied. Therefore, 15 cylindrical plastic soil culomns with a height of 100 cm and 60 cm diameter were constructed and drainage PVC pipes with geotextile filter were installed for all of them. The sludge of Ekbatan housing complex wastewater treatment plant after processing and digestion was taken place and used. The culomns were filled by a Clay Loam textured soil and Soybean (Williams variety) was planted. Treatments include three levels of wastewater sludge fertilizer (10, 25 and 50 ton/ha), chemical fertilizers (150 kg/ha ammonium phosphate and 50 kg/ha urea) and control without using fertilizer in three replications. According to the results, the highest mean amount of nitrate in drainage water of culomns (base on split plot through time as statistical completely randomized design) was 57.17 mg/lit in the early season and treatment related to the use of sludge was 50 ton/ha. The lowest mean value of nitrate obtained from the control in the end of cultivation season and was 3.51 mg/lit. The most yield of Soybean was 277.85 gr grains per culomn which obtained from use of 50 ton/ha of manure sludge. The greatest weight of 1000 grains and the number of pods with values of 127.42 gr and 856 in number, measured in this treatment too. Application of 25 ton/ha sludge, chemical fertilizers and 10 ton/ha sludge were after it, respectively. So, the highest use of sewage sludge on soybean cultivation (at the rate of 50 ton/ha), transfer the highest amount of nitrate below the root zone and led to the best yield indicators
A. Hassanoghli; Sh. Pedram
Abstract
Conventional graded granular filters which are commonly used in subsurface drainage projects in Iran, encounter various difficulties such as huge costs and long distances from source of gravels and led to use of other materials as envelopes. Synthetic products can be justified over granular filters ...
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Conventional graded granular filters which are commonly used in subsurface drainage projects in Iran, encounter various difficulties such as huge costs and long distances from source of gravels and led to use of other materials as envelopes. Synthetic products can be justified over granular filters due to their comparable performance, improved economy and ease of placement. Considering that, it’s essential to assess selected synthetic envelopes performance before setting them in the field. The objective of this study is assessment of permeameter test proccessing (based on ASTM D-5101 standard), using 3 different PLM synthetic envelopes (PP450, PP700 and PP900) in application of water with different salinity (EC= 22.2 dS/m and 0.78 dS/m) and saline-sodic soil (EC= 169.3 dS/m and SAR= 45.18 (meq/lit)0.5), prepared from north Khoram-Shahr drainage project located in Khuzestan Provience. This study deal with evaluation of permeability tests results by applying saline water and soil which is not common in permeameter standard tests. So, a distinctive point of this research is using drainage water with high salinity, in comparison with applying normal water and also saline soil. For this purpose, two physical models of permeameter used to do a series of permeability tests by varying synthetic envelope types and saline and normal water. Permeability tests were done at 5 different hydraulic gradients (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10). Variations of discharge, hydraulic conductivity and gradient ratio (GR) were measured and investigated statically as factorial experiments in the form of randomized complete design. The results demonstrated that the more salinity the lower the hydraulic conductivity in all synthetic envelopes. The average hydraulic conductivity by applying normal water were 1.29, 1.36 and 1.26 times more than the average hydraulic conductivity by applying saline water for PP450, PP700 and PP900 samples respectively. Based on all tests of gradient ratios, it can be concluded that none of the envelope samples were susceptible to clogging, even in application of saline soil and water, even though the probability of clogging by applying saline water was higher. Also, it should be noticed that water quality is essential to encounter in permeability tests.
N. Nikamal Larijani; A. Hassanoghli; M. Mashal; A.M. Liaghat
Abstract
Abstract
By increasing the world population and more need to supply food, farmers attend to use of chemical fertilizers, organic manures and pesticides. Also, applications of these agents without attention to their side effects, cause more problems to human health and environment. Nitrate is one of ...
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Abstract
By increasing the world population and more need to supply food, farmers attend to use of chemical fertilizers, organic manures and pesticides. Also, applications of these agents without attention to their side effects, cause more problems to human health and environment. Nitrate is one of the most important elements of organic manures, which leach through soil to surface and ground waters by irrigation or precipitation. So, it’s necessary to monitor the behavior of it. The purpose of this study was to determine the nitrate transport through two different soil textures, loam and silt loam via application of organic fertilizers. In this study, experiments were carried out by cylindrical drained plastic lysimeters with 100 cm height and 60 cm diameter, filled by uncondensed soil up to 60 cm height. Three different organic manures (poultry, cow and sewage sludge) were used on top soil of lysimeters by the rate of 35 tone/ha (upon the average use amounts of farmer's). 24 lysimeters were prepared; 9 lysimeters for 3 types of manure with 3 replicates and 3 without manure used as control for each soil type. The results were analyzed by a factorial experiment in a completely randomized form statistical design. Irrigation was done by one week intervals, totally three times with well water. Five drainage water samples (100 ml each sample) were taken through the first pore volume drained after irrigating of lysimeters. It means that each pore volume divided to 5 equal parts for sampling. The results showed that the nitrate concentration in loam soil was more than silt loam soil in drainage water samples, so it can be attributed to the effect of soil texture. Also for both soil textures, sewage sludge treatment was caused the most nitrate concentration, and the least was monitored in control treatment. The amounts of poultry and cow NO3 in drainage water samples were between them, respectively. Considering the one week irrigation intervals and three consecutive irrigations which were done, the amount of contamination in both soils in the first week was highest and in the third week was the lowest; it can be related to nitrate leaching by irrigations done.
Keywords: Water pollution, Nitrate leaching, Lysimeter, Organic manure
A.R. Hasanoghli; A. Liaghat
Abstract
Abstract
Recharge of aquifers by using wastewater, is one of the important and applicable ways for reusing this valuable water resource, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. As the necessity of local practices for finding the proper management strategies and optimum use of recharge systems (conforming ...
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Abstract
Recharge of aquifers by using wastewater, is one of the important and applicable ways for reusing this valuable water resource, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. As the necessity of local practices for finding the proper management strategies and optimum use of recharge systems (conforming to climate, soil, etc.), a preliminary study was carried out. Three physical models were designed and made with a height of 2 m and diameter of 0.6 m. The models were filled with a soil of silty clay sand texture. Treated domestic wastewater of Ekbatan housing complex was used. Transfer of important pollutants indexed by BOD5, COD, nitrogen and phosphorous to shallow grounwaters were studied. Three management practices of wet-dry periods have been used: 1-permanent or long ponding (PP), 2- short period ponding and drying (SP) as 12 hours wetting and 12 hours free drainage, and 3- Moderate ponding (MP) and drying by means of wetting for one week and then drying for another week. The results showed that optimum BOD5, COD and nitrogen reduction occurred in the application of short period ponding management system (mean reduction percentage of 93.5%, 79.5% and 40.4%, respectively). The phosphorous reduction in all strategies was 65% - 75%. The efficiency of microbial indices removal (coliform and fecal coli.) from treated wastewater was high in all management systems. The amount of reduction in this case was between 97% to 99%.
Key words: Artificial recharge, Physical model, Treated domestic wastewater, fecal coliform
