M. Zahmatkesh; A.A. Montazar
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to assess the performance of 18 irrigation districts from ten countries in the world using the Benchmarking method and data mining analysis (cluster analysis). Irrigation networks of Dez, Sefidrood, Tajan and Voshmgir from Iran have been compared with 14 ...
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Abstract
The objective of the present study is to assess the performance of 18 irrigation districts from ten countries in the world using the Benchmarking method and data mining analysis (cluster analysis). Irrigation networks of Dez, Sefidrood, Tajan and Voshmgir from Iran have been compared with 14 irrigation districts from nine other countries. The k- means algorithm was used to analyze the performance indicators, thereby enabling irrigation districts to be classified into seven statistically homogeneous groups. The results showed that the irrigation districts without any canal coverage and irrigation districts with 100% of concrete coverage in the main canal and 50% in the secondary canals may be classified into a homogeneous group due to drainage water recycling system. In other words, canal coverage and drainage water recycling may prepare an appropriate water delivery condition. Land-leveling plays an important role to improve yield production in the irrigation districts. Increasing 1.5 to 2 t ha-1 in yield production for Bani amir district of Morocco and Office du niger of Mali due to the implementation of land-leveling has been experimented. The evaluation indicated that water user association (WUA) is another factor to improve the management process of the irrigation districts. The economic indicators in Voshmgir area have a high value because of the WUAs and managing around 70% of the irrigated areas by them. Lack of these organizations in the Dez irrigation district, increased the amount of annual relative irrigation supply indicator to 3.08. This indicator in Office du niger district with the WUAs is just 0.12. Benchmarking and data analysis techniques are powerful tools to evaluate efficiency in irrigation districts.
Keywords: Benchmarking, Cluster analysis, Data mining, Irrigation district, Performance assessment
A.A. Montazar; N. Pashazadeh
Abstract
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to apply the CANALMAN model in the performance assessing of different water operational scenarios in the west main canal of Dez irrigation network. The proposed model was calibrated and validated based on the real data of March and April 2006. The real water ...
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Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to apply the CANALMAN model in the performance assessing of different water operational scenarios in the west main canal of Dez irrigation network. The proposed model was calibrated and validated based on the real data of March and April 2006. The real water operational condition during five months (May to September 2006) was simulated. For this period, the mean value of delivery efficiency, adequacy, equity, and reliability performance indicators was estimated 0.669, 0.881, 0.271, and 0.238, respectively. Hence, the delivery adequacy and equity had a moderate status and efficiency and reliability of delivery had a weak status. The results indicated that the night-time closure scenarios may be improved the water distribution status in the canal. During of a 15 days simulation, water saving for night closure scenario 1 and 2 was estimated 11.23% (0.92 MCM) and 8.31% (0.68 MCM), respectively, of water delivered to the canal which can be controlled and saved throughout the reaches of the canal. The findings demonstrated the the west main canal of Dez has good potential to make savings, which can be realized at system level through reduced demand on supplemental from the dam.
Keywords: Performance assessment, Operation, Water delivery, Dez irrigation network, CANALMAN
A. Gaffari; A.A. Montazar; A. Rahimi Jamnani
Abstract
Abstract
The present study was carried out for developing and evaluating of the optimization model of cropping pattern in irrigation networks using analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The model was programmed into two sub-models. The objective of the first sub-model was ranking of crop appropriately, ...
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Abstract
The present study was carried out for developing and evaluating of the optimization model of cropping pattern in irrigation networks using analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The model was programmed into two sub-models. The objective of the first sub-model was ranking of crop appropriately, and the objective of the second sub-model was ranking of cropping area of each crop. Ten criteria, affecting crop type suitability, and nine criteria, affecting cropping area, were analyzed. The weight of criteria was determined base on the field investigation and the results of 30 completed questionnaires by local irrigation expert and farmers. The proposed model was run and evaluated in Varamin irrigation network. The evaluations showed that water volume and evapotranspiration criteria are more important than others in the determination of crop suitability. Also, global decisions on agricultural sector and water availability are the most important parameters in selecting cropping area. The results indicated that the AHP model has determined the crop type and cropping area ranks with high accuracy. Hence, the model may be recommended as a practical tool in evaluation of quantitative and qualitative effective factors of cropping pattern and in determination of crop type and cropping area in irrigation networks.
Keywords: AHP, Cropping pattern, Optimization, Varamin irrigation network
A.A. Montazar; E. Zadbagher; N. Heydari
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to develop an assessment model for the virtual water of irrigation networks using analytical hierarchy process. For this purpose, 14 modern irrigation networks of Iran were selected. Also, 14 effective factors on the virtual water of these systems were considered ...
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The main objective of this study was to develop an assessment model for the virtual water of irrigation networks using analytical hierarchy process. For this purpose, 14 modern irrigation networks of Iran were selected. Also, 14 effective factors on the virtual water of these systems were considered as decision criteria. Expert choice software was used for ranking the virtual water values of the proposed irrigation networks. The average virtual water of irrigation networks with regard to the 5-year data, 2002-2006, was determined. The results showed that the actual virtual water of the Nekooabad irrigation network was the highest (17.04 m3 kg-1) and the Sefidrood irrigation network had the lowest amount (2.17 m3 kg-1). The results of the AHP model indicated that the Saveh and Dez irrigation networks with a relative weight of 0.112 and 0.045 had the most and the least virtual water content, respectively. The sensitivity analysis of the proposed model demonstrated that the cultivated area and crop water demand had a significant effect and water quality and water price had a low effect on this index. Comparisons showed that the results of AHP model were in good agreement with actual virtual water results. The findings revealed that AHP model is an efficient approach to assess the virtual water of irrigation networks. Hence, the proposed model, as a user-friendly model, can be also applied to assess the global water productivity of irrigation networks.
A.A. Montazar
Abstract
Abstract
Efficient water use in agriculture is a priority in arid and semi-arid regions where water for irrigation is scarce. Super absorption polymers (SAP) could be considered as an approach to increase water productivity in rainfed and irrigated farming. The present study was carried out to evaluate ...
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Abstract
Efficient water use in agriculture is a priority in arid and semi-arid regions where water for irrigation is scarce. Super absorption polymers (SAP) could be considered as an approach to increase water productivity in rainfed and irrigated farming. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of stockosorb super absorption polymer on the Kostiakov-Lewis Equation parameters and the flow advance curve in the furrow irrigation method. The experiment was conducted based on a randomized block design with factorial arrangement having 3 replications. The main plots included four levels of SAP included 0 (control), 5, 7, and 9 g m-2 polymer into 25 cm of soil depth, and two levels of inflow rate included 0.5 and 0.7 l/s as sub main plots. The data were collected during four irrigation events. The results showed that applying SAP had a significant effect on the flow advance time and cumulative infiltration depth. Flow advance time and cumulative infiltration depth values were increased because of using SAP. Using SAP may have suitable effects on infiltration rate especially after the first irrigation event that reduces the cumulative infiltration substantially. Hence, the performance of surface irrigation methods and its water productivity can be improved. The results of statistical analysis also indicated that the effect of SAP and inflow rate levels on the improvement of infiltration was significant at 1% level. Using 9 g.m-2 SAP into 25 cm of soil with inflow rate of 0.5 l/s in plots having 90 m length increased the cumulative infiltration by 67% as compared to the control treatment. In addition, decreasing of inflow rate increased cumulative infiltration.
Key words: Flow advance time, Furrow irrigation, Cumulative infiltration, Performance assessment, Stockosorb, Super absorption polymer
