A. Hassanoghli
Abstract
Produced sludge from wastewater treatment plants is a source of macro and micro nutrients and organic matters which is needed for agriculture. On the other hand, application of sludge with no criterion may cause some health risks and also, soil and surface water and ground water resources pollution may ...
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Produced sludge from wastewater treatment plants is a source of macro and micro nutrients and organic matters which is needed for agriculture. On the other hand, application of sludge with no criterion may cause some health risks and also, soil and surface water and ground water resources pollution may be followed. In this regards, the effect of different amounts of sewage sludge used as organic fertilizer in compare with chemical fertilizers on transport of minerals below the root zone and yield and yield components in soybean cultivation were studied. Therefore, 15 cylindrical plastic soil culomns with a height of 100 cm and 60 cm diameter were constructed and drainage PVC pipes with geotextile filter were installed for all of them. The sludge of Ekbatan housing complex wastewater treatment plant after processing and digestion was taken place and used. The culomns were filled by a Clay Loam textured soil and Soybean (Williams variety) was planted. Treatments include three levels of wastewater sludge fertilizer (10, 25 and 50 ton/ha), chemical fertilizers (150 kg/ha ammonium phosphate and 50 kg/ha urea) and control without using fertilizer in three replications. According to the results, the highest mean amount of nitrate in drainage water of culomns (base on split plot through time as statistical completely randomized design) was 57.17 mg/lit in the early season and treatment related to the use of sludge was 50 ton/ha. The lowest mean value of nitrate obtained from the control in the end of cultivation season and was 3.51 mg/lit. The most yield of Soybean was 277.85 gr grains per culomn which obtained from use of 50 ton/ha of manure sludge. The greatest weight of 1000 grains and the number of pods with values of 127.42 gr and 856 in number, measured in this treatment too. Application of 25 ton/ha sludge, chemical fertilizers and 10 ton/ha sludge were after it, respectively. So, the highest use of sewage sludge on soybean cultivation (at the rate of 50 ton/ha), transfer the highest amount of nitrate below the root zone and led to the best yield indicators
A. Hassanoghli; Sh. Pedram
Abstract
Conventional graded granular filters which are commonly used in subsurface drainage projects in Iran, encounter various difficulties such as huge costs and long distances from source of gravels and led to use of other materials as envelopes. Synthetic products can be justified over granular filters ...
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Conventional graded granular filters which are commonly used in subsurface drainage projects in Iran, encounter various difficulties such as huge costs and long distances from source of gravels and led to use of other materials as envelopes. Synthetic products can be justified over granular filters due to their comparable performance, improved economy and ease of placement. Considering that, it’s essential to assess selected synthetic envelopes performance before setting them in the field. The objective of this study is assessment of permeameter test proccessing (based on ASTM D-5101 standard), using 3 different PLM synthetic envelopes (PP450, PP700 and PP900) in application of water with different salinity (EC= 22.2 dS/m and 0.78 dS/m) and saline-sodic soil (EC= 169.3 dS/m and SAR= 45.18 (meq/lit)0.5), prepared from north Khoram-Shahr drainage project located in Khuzestan Provience. This study deal with evaluation of permeability tests results by applying saline water and soil which is not common in permeameter standard tests. So, a distinctive point of this research is using drainage water with high salinity, in comparison with applying normal water and also saline soil. For this purpose, two physical models of permeameter used to do a series of permeability tests by varying synthetic envelope types and saline and normal water. Permeability tests were done at 5 different hydraulic gradients (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10). Variations of discharge, hydraulic conductivity and gradient ratio (GR) were measured and investigated statically as factorial experiments in the form of randomized complete design. The results demonstrated that the more salinity the lower the hydraulic conductivity in all synthetic envelopes. The average hydraulic conductivity by applying normal water were 1.29, 1.36 and 1.26 times more than the average hydraulic conductivity by applying saline water for PP450, PP700 and PP900 samples respectively. Based on all tests of gradient ratios, it can be concluded that none of the envelope samples were susceptible to clogging, even in application of saline soil and water, even though the probability of clogging by applying saline water was higher. Also, it should be noticed that water quality is essential to encounter in permeability tests.
