Soil science
Fereydun Nourgholipour; maryam mohammady; Hossein Mir Seyed Hosseini; Reza Soleimani
Abstract
Introduction
The cultivation area of canola (Brassica napus L.) has increased globally due to its climatic adaptability and its different growing season compared to other oilseeds. Additionally, its ability to be cropped in rotation with other plants, such as cereals, has contributed to its popularity. ...
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Introduction
The cultivation area of canola (Brassica napus L.) has increased globally due to its climatic adaptability and its different growing season compared to other oilseeds. Additionally, its ability to be cropped in rotation with other plants, such as cereals, has contributed to its popularity. Canola has the largest cultivated area among oilseed crops in Iran. Proper consumption of nutrients is crucial for improving growth and increasing seed yield in canola plants. The use of sulfur as an essential nutrient, along with selenium in low concentrations as a beneficial nutrient, plays a significant role in enhancing plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Sulfur and selenium are both elements of group 16 of the periodic elements table and have similar physical and chemical properties, and it is believed that selenium utilizes the same pathways for sulfur immobilization and uptake in plants. Given the similarity of selenium to sulfur, sulfur metabolic pathways are shared, so the effect of selenium on growth is expected to be largely influenced by sulfur nutrition. This study aims to investigate the effects of sulfur and selenium application on nutrient absorption and their interaction on canola plant growth indices.
Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions as a factorial in a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and three replications. For cultivation, plastic pots with a diameter of 20 cm were utilized. Four kilograms of sieved soil were added to each pot. 100 mg kg-1 of nitrogen from urea source was applied in the pre-planting stage and 100 mg of nitrogen was applied in two stages (after establishment on day 21 and then in the stem elongation before flowering stage). Triple superphosphate at a rate of 80 mg of phosphorus per kg of soil was added to the pots in powder form before planting and iron at a rate of 5 mg kg-1 in the form of iron chelate solution was added to the pots. The experimental treatments included elemental sulfur fertilizer at two levels of zero and 20 mg kg-1 (inoculated with Thiobacillus inoculum), two sources of selenium fertilizer (sodium selenate and selenite) at three levels of zero, 30, and 60 μg/kg in soil form before planting. The amount of sulfur and selenium available in the soil before planting was 3.8 and 0.025 mg/kg, respectively. The cultivated canola variety was Dalgan and grown in greenhouse conditions for 5 months. This cultivar is open-pollinated. The sulfur was in powder form with a purity of 99%, which was added to the soil of the sulfur-containing treatments, along with Thiobacillus inoculum (with a population of 1×108 cells per ml) two weeks before planting. After the seed growth and maturation period (5 months), at the final stage of growth (physiological maturity with a two-digit growth code of 80), the seed components were separated from the aerial parts. The dry weight of the seed and the aerial parts of the plant were weighed separately.
Results and Discussion
Sulfur application significantly increased shoot dry weight, root dry weight, leaf area, and canola grain weight compared to conditions without sulfur application (48.8% increase in shoot weight, 28.1% in root weight, 15.7% in leaf area, and 51.3% increase in grain weight). Grain weight had a correlation of 0.94** with grain sulfur uptake and 0.9** with shoot sulfur uptake. Therefore, the growth characteristics of roots, shoots, and sulfur concentration in shoots and seeds have a significant impact on grain weight. Application of selenium from selenate source resulted in higher selenium absorption in shoots and canola grain compared to selenite source. In grain, sulfur application increased selenium absorption from both sources. Grain sulfur uptake had a correlation of -0.42** with seed selenium concentration, 0.94** with seed weight, 0.86** with shoot sulfur concentration, -0.43* with shoot selenium concentration, 0.87** with shoot sulfur uptake, 0.7** with shoot weight, 0.69** with leaf area, and 0.83** with root weight. The highest grain selenium concentration was observed at the rate of 60 μg kg-1 from selenate source (0.48 mg kg-1). If increasing the selenium concentration of the grain is desired for enrichment purposes (from 0.12 μg g-1 in the sulfur-free and selenium-free treatments), a sulfur treatment of 20 mg kg-1 and a selenate content of 60 μg kg-1 could be considered to achieve a concentration of 0.42 μg g-1. This is because the grain weight of this treatment (3.87 g pot-1) was closest to the high levels of grain weight in the sulfur treatment of 20 mg kg-1 and selenium-free condition (4.32 g pot-1).
Conclusion
Grain selenium concentrations of 0.10-0.11 mg kg-1 and sulfur concentrations of 0.325-0.33% produced suitable canola yield. The highest canola grain weight was obtained with a concentration of 19.86 mg kg-1 sulfur and 0.0267 mg kg-1 selenium in the soil.
Hamid Zare Abyaneh; Farzaneh Heidari; Gholamreza Heidari; mehdi jovzi
Abstract
In this pot experiment, the effects of three levels of zero (A0), three (A1) and five gram (A2) aquasorb superabsorbent per kg of soil, three levels of 70 (W1), 85 (W2) and 100 (W3) percent of irrigation requirements and two levels of 75 (F1) and 100 (F2) percent of nitrogen fertilizer requirements were ...
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In this pot experiment, the effects of three levels of zero (A0), three (A1) and five gram (A2) aquasorb superabsorbent per kg of soil, three levels of 70 (W1), 85 (W2) and 100 (W3) percent of irrigation requirements and two levels of 75 (F1) and 100 (F2) percent of nitrogen fertilizer requirements were studied on some traits of bell pepper plant. The experiment was factorial based on randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications. The results showed significant effect of superabsorbent and irrigation treatments on all components except stem diameter. Among the superabsorbent treatments, the highest fruit yields (666.2 gr) and water productivity (12.36 kg/m3) were obtained in A2 treatment. Among the irrigation treatments, the highest values of the mentioned functions were obtained in the W3 and W1 treatments with 621.81 g and 10.57 Kg/m3 respectively. The effect of fertilizer treatments on shoot weight, root and fruit yield was significant. The highest fruit yield was 638.70 g in F2 treatment. The interaction of two variables of water with superabsorbent with effect on fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and on yield and water productivity yielded the highest fruit yield (916.65g) and productivity (14.55kg/m3) in A2W3 treatment. The interaction effects of superabsorbent and fertilizer showed that the highest yield and water productivity were equal to 670.51 grams and 12.44 kg / m3 in A2F2 treatment. The interactions of water and fertilizer showed that the highest yield and water productivity were 625.59 g in W3F2 and 12.32 kg/m3 in W1F2 treatment. The interaction of three superabsorbent, water and fertilizer variables on all studied traits was not significant.
M. Gheysari; M.M. Majidi; seyed majid mirlatifi; M.J. Zareian; S. Amiri; S.M. Banifatemeh
Abstract
The response of root to water stress is one of the most important parameters for researchers. Study of growth and distribution of root under different irrigation managements helpsresearchersto a better understanding of soil water content, and the availability of water and nutrition in water stress condition. ...
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The response of root to water stress is one of the most important parameters for researchers. Study of growth and distribution of root under different irrigation managements helpsresearchersto a better understanding of soil water content, and the availability of water and nutrition in water stress condition. To investigate the effects of four levels of irrigation under two different deficit irrigation managements on the root length of maize, a study was conducted in 2009. Irrigation managements included fixed irrigation interval-variable irrigation depth (M1) and variable irrigation interval-fixed irrigation depth (M2). Maize plants were planted in 120 large 110-liter containers in a strip-plot design in a randomized complete block with three replications. Root data sampling was done after root washing in five growth stages. The results showed that the effect of irrigation levels on root length was significant (P
S. Akhavan; M. Shabanpour; M. Esfahani
Abstract
In order to study the effect of soil compaction on root and shoot growth of wheat plants (Shahriar variety), a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted in Guilan University. The study design was factorial with completely randomized in three replications. Treatments included three compaction levels; (normal ...
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In order to study the effect of soil compaction on root and shoot growth of wheat plants (Shahriar variety), a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted in Guilan University. The study design was factorial with completely randomized in three replications. Treatments included three compaction levels; (normal compaction, compaction of ten percent and twenty percent) and two type of soil texture (clay and sand) will include 18 pots. Soil mechanical resistance index measured with the device influence the resistance gauge significant differences among treatments indicated. Root and shoot traits measured included plant fresh weight and total shoot dry weight, leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), leaf area (LA), root area (RA), root volume (RV), root length (TL), root dry weight ratio of shoots, leaf area to root ratio (LA/RA), root length density (RLD), root surface area density (RSD), root mass density (RMD), dry root mass density (DRMD) and nitrogen content of roots, significant difference in the levels indicated treatments. The results showed that increasing the compaction of soil are affected characteristics related to the shoot and root of wheat plants, and twenty percent of the compaction (influence resistance 1200 KPa in the clay soil and 762.76 Kpa in the sandy soil) is limited roots and shoots growth than the natural soil.
