شناسایی و پهنه بندی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک با استفاده از روش های زمین آماری در GIS (مورد مطالعاتی: منطقه میانکنگی؛ سیستان)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

دسترسی به اطلاعات دقیق تغییرات مکانی خصوصیات خاک، به منظور فراهم نمودن پایگاه داده‎ای در راستای مدیریت پایدار خاک، همچون کاربرد نسبت مناسب کودها، بسیار ضروری است. به این منظور در زمستان سال 1391 تعداد 189 نمونه خاک دست نخورده از عمق 0- 30 سانتی‌متری سطح منطقه میانکنگی دشت سیستان به صورت شبکه‌بندی منظم با فواصل 500 متر جمع آوری و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی آن ها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نرمال سازی داده‌ها صورت گرفت و مدل‏های نیم‌تغییرنما کروی، نمایی و کی‏-‏ بسل به عنوان بهترین مدل برازش برای نتایج آزمایش بدست آمد. در نهایت بر اساس پارامتر میانگین مجذور مربعات خطا روش کوکریجینگ جهت تولید نقشه‌های اسیدیته خاک و هدایت الکتریکی با متغیر کمکی درصد رس، درصد رطوبت اشباع و کربنات کلسیم با متغیر کمکی سیلت و محتوای ذرات رس با متغیر کمکی هدایت الکتریکی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. همچنین نقشه‌های محتوای ذرات سیلت و شن به روش کریجینگ گسسته تولید شد. هدایت الکتریکی خاک‏های منطقه با ضریب تغییرات 99/102، دامنه تأثیر کم (935 متر)، تغییرات مکانی بسیار شدیدی داشت که بیشتر متأثر از نوع خاک منطقه می‌باشد. همچنین، تجمع بالای مواد محلول در خاک منطقه، حاکی از گسترش هر چه بیشتر شوری در اراضی فاریاب منطقه مورد مطالعه تحت تأثیر آبیاری و کوددهی می‌باشد که کاهش کیفیت و سلامت خاک را در پی داشته و نیازمند مدیریت صحیح و اجرای برنامه‌های هدفمند پیشگیری و مرتفع ساختن مسأله شوری در راستای بهبود کیفیت خاک و تحقق توسعه کشاورزی پایدار در این منطقه می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Survey and Zoning of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties Using Geostatistical Methods in GIS (Case Study: Miankangi Region in Sistan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Hashemi
  • Ahmad Gholamalizadeh Ahangar
  • Abolfazl Bameri
  • F. Sarani
  • A. Hejazizadeh
University of Zabol
چکیده [English]

Introduction: In order to provide a database, it is essential having access to accurate information on soil spatial variation for soil sustainable management such as proper application of fertilizers. Spatial variations in soil properties are common but it is important for understanding these changes, particularly in agricultural lands for careful planning and land management.
Materials and Methods: To this end, in winter 1391, 189 undisturbed soil samples (0-30 cm depth) in a regular lattice with a spacing of 500 m were gathered from the surface of Miankangi land, Sistan plain, and their physical and chemical properties were studied. The land area of the region is about 4,500 hectares; the average elevation of studied area is 489.2 meters above sea level with different land uses. Soil texture was measured by the hydrometer methods (11), Also EC and pH (39), calcium carbonate equivalent (37) and the saturation percentage of soils were determined. Kriging, Co-Kriging, Inverse Distance Weighting and Local Polynomial Interpolation techniques were evaluated to produce a soil characteristics map of the study area zoning and to select the best geostatistical methods. Cross-validation techniques and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used.
Results and Discussion: Normalized test results showed that all of the soil properties except calcium carbonate and soil clay content had normal distribution. In addition, the results of correlation test showed that the soil saturation percentage was positively correlated with silt content (r=0.43 and p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Correlation
  • Geostatistical methods
  • Miankangi Region
  • Soil salinity
  • spatial distribution
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