Survey and Zoning of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties Using Geostatistical Methods in GIS (Case Study: Miankangi Region in Sistan)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

• M. Hashemi
• Ahmad Gholamalizadeh Ahangar
• Abolfazl Bameri
• F. Sarani
• A. Hejazizadeh

University of Zabol

10.22067/jsw.v30i2.25950

Abstract

Introduction: In order to provide a database, it is essential having access to accurate information on soil spatial variation for soil sustainable management such as proper application of fertilizers. Spatial variations in soil properties are common but it is important for understanding these changes, particularly in agricultural lands for careful planning and land management.
Materials and Methods: To this end, in winter 1391, 189 undisturbed soil samples (0-30 cm depth) in a regular lattice with a spacing of 500 m were gathered from the surface of Miankangi land, Sistan plain, and their physical and chemical properties were studied. The land area of the region is about 4,500 hectares; the average elevation of studied area is 489.2 meters above sea level with different land uses. Soil texture was measured by the hydrometer methods (11), Also EC and pH (39), calcium carbonate equivalent (37) and the saturation percentage of soils were determined. Kriging, Co-Kriging, Inverse Distance Weighting and Local Polynomial Interpolation techniques were evaluated to produce a soil characteristics map of the study area zoning and to select the best geostatistical methods. Cross-validation techniques and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used.
Results and Discussion: Normalized test results showed that all of the soil properties except calcium carbonate and soil clay content had normal distribution. In addition, the results of correlation test showed that the soil saturation percentage was positively correlated with silt content (r=0.43 and p

Keywords

• Correlation
• Geostatistical methods
• Miankangi Region
• Soil salinity
• spatial distribution

20.1001.1.20084757.1395.30.2.17.9

---

References

1- Afshar H., Salehi M.H., Mohammadi J., and Mehnatkesh A. 2009. Spatial variability of soil properties and irrigated wheat yield in a quantitative suitability map, a case study: Shahr-e-Kian area, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province, Journal of Water and Soil, 23(1):161-172. (in Persian with English abstract)

2- Alemi M.H., Shahriari M.R., and Nielsen D.R. 1988. Kriging and cokriging of soil properties, Soil Technology, 1:117-132.

3- Amini Jahromi H., Naseri M.Y., Khormali F. and Movahedi Naeini S.A. 2009. Variations in properties of the loess derived soils as affected by geomorphic positions in two different climaticregions of Golestan Province, Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 16(1):1-17. (in Persian with English abstract)

4- Anonymous. 1991. Optimal utilization plan of the Heirmand river, Tehran Sahab Consulting Engineers, Soil Special Report. (in Persian with English abstract)

5- Ayoubi Sh., Mohammad Zamani S., and Khormali F. 2007. Prediction total N by organic matter content using some geostatistic approaches in part of farm land of Sorkhankalateh, Golestan Province,Journal of Agricultural Sciencesand Natural Resources, 14(4): 23-33. (in Persian with English abstract)

6- Backett PHT., and Webster R. 1971. Soil variability: a review, Soil Fertility, 34: 1-15.

7- Bameri A., Khormali F., Kiani F., and Dehghani A.A. 2012. Spatial variability of soil organic carbon on different slope positions of loess hillslopes in Toshan area, Golestan Province, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 19(2): 43-60. (in Persian with English abstract)

8- Baxter S.J., Oliver M.A., and Gaunt J. 2003. A geostatistical analysis of the spatial variationof soil mineral nitrogen and potentially available nitrogen within an arablefield, Precision Agriculture, 4: 213–226.

9- Baxter S.J., and Oliver M.A. 2005. The spatial prediction of soil mineral N and potentially available N using elevation, Geoderma, 128: 325–339.

10- Baybordi M. 2008. Classification and genesis Soil, Tehran University Press, Ninth Edition, No. 1360. (in Persian)

11- Bouyoucos G.J. 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle sizeanalysis of soils, Agronomy Journal, 54: 464-465.

12- Brejda J.J., Moorman T.B., Smith J.L., Karlen D.L., Allen D.L., and Dao T.H. 2000. Distribution and variability of surface soil properties at a regional scale,Soil Science Societyof America Journal, 64: 974-982.

13- Cambardella C.A., Moorman T.B., Parkin T.B., Karlen D.L., Turco R.F., and Konopka A.E. 1994. Field scale variability ofsoil properties in Central Iowa soils, Soil Science Societyof America Journal, 58: 1501-1511.

14- Cheng X., An S., Chen J., and Li B. 2006. Spatial relationshipsamong species above-ground biomass, N, P in degraded grasslandin Ordos Plateau, Journal of Arid Environment, 30: 75-88.

15- Dahiya IS., Richter J., and Malik RS. 1984. Soil spatial variability: a review, International Journal of Tropical Agricultural, 11: 1-102.

16- Foroughifar H., Jafarzadah A.A., Torabi Gelsefidi H., Aliasgharzadah N., Toomanian N., and Davatgar N. 2010. Spatial variations of surface soil physical and chemical properties on different landforms of Tabriz plain, Journal of Soil and Water Science, 21(3): 1-21. (in Persian with English abstract)

17- Gholami Sh., Hosseini S.M., Mohammadi J., and Mahini A.S. 2011. Spatial variability of soil macrofauna biomass and soil properties in riparian forest of Karkhe river, Journal of Water and Soil, 25(2):248-257. (in Persian with English abstract)

18- Habibi V., Ahmadi A., and Fattahi M.M. 2009. Modeling spatial variability of ground water chemical properties using geostatistical methods,Iranian Journal ofWatershed Management Science & Engineering, 3(7): 23-34. (in Persian with English abstract)

19- Hu W., Shao M.A., Wan L., and Cheng Si.B. 2014. Spatial variability of soil electrical conductivity in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau of China, Geoderma, 230-231: 212-220.

20- Jafarzadeh A.A., Davatgar N., and Hakimian M. 1998. Distribution of the variable parameters of the soil in a row of different physiographic areas of the Caspian Sea, Journal of Tabriz University, 8: 147-170. (in Persian with English abstract)

21- Jabro J.D., Stevens B.W., and Evans R.G. 2006. Spatial relationships among soil physically properties a grass- alfa- alfa hay field, Soil Science, 171(9): 719-727.

22- Johnson R.M., Downer R.G., Bradow J.M., Bauer P.J., and Sadler E.J. 2002. Variability in cotton fiber yield, fiber quality, and soil properties in a southeastern coastal plain, Agronomy Journal, 94: 1305–1316.

23- Journel A.G., and Huijbregts Ch.J. 1978. Mining Geostatistics, New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc.

24- Khaleqpanah N., Shorafa M., and Teimuri S. 2012. Saline and sodic soils moisture estimation using transfer functions, Journal of Soil Science (Water and Soil), 26(4): 391-392. (in Persian)

25- Khosla R., Fleming K., Delagdo J.A., Shaver T.M., and Westfall D.G. 2002. Use of site specific management zones to improve nitrogen management for precision agriculture, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 57: 513–518.

26- Marofi M., Toranjeyan A., and Zare Abyaneh H. 2009. Evaluation of geostatistical methods for estimating electrical conductivity and pH of stream drained water in Hamedan-Bahar Plain, Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 16(2):169-187. (in Persian with English abstract)

27- McBratney A.B., Mendonca M.L., and Minasny B. 2003. On digital soil mapping, Geoderama, 117: 3-52.

28- Mohammadi J. 2006. Pedometer (Spatial Statistics), Second volume, published by Pelk, 240 pages. (in Persian)

29- Momtaz H.R., Jafarzadah A.A., Torabi H., Oustan Sh., Samadi A., Davatgar N., and Gilkes R.J. 2009. An assessment of the variation in soil properties within and between landforms in Amolregion, Iran, Geoderma, 149: 10-18.

30- Neal M., Khademi H., and Hajabbasi M.A. 2004. Response of soil quality indicators and their spatial variability to land degradation in central Iran, Applied Soil Ecology, 27: 221-232.

31- Nelson R.E. 1986. Carbonate and gypsum. p. 181-197. In A.L. Page et al. (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2,Soil Science Societyof America Journal, Madison, WI.

32- Pcerri C.E., Bernoux M., and Chaplot V. 2004. Assessment of soilproperty spatial variation in an Amazon Pasture, Geodrama, 123: 51-68.

33- Rhoades J.D. 1986. Soluble salts. p. 167-179. In G.S. Compbell et al. (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1,Soil Science Societyof America Journal, Madison, WI.

34- Sobhkhizi M., Akbari A., Shotorban A., and Shokoei M. 2006. Plan Recognition Ecological Regions of the Country, Vegetation Types of Zabol Region, 1nd ed. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran. (in Persian)

35- Sokouti R., Mahdian M., Mahmoodi Sh., and Ghahramani A. 2007. Comparing the applicability of some geostatistic methods to predict the variability of soil salinity, a case study of Uromieh plain, Pajauhsh and Sazandegi, 74: 90-98. (in Persian with English abstract)

36- Sparks L.D. 2010. Environmental soil chemistry attitude. p. 391. In Sh.Avestan (ed.) 2nd ed. Tabriz University Press.

37- Vieira S.R., and Paz Gonzalez A. 2003. Analysis of the spatial variability of crop yield and soil properties in small agricultural plots, Bragantia, 62: 127-138.

38- Webster R., and Oliver M.A. 2007. Geostatistics for Environmental Scientists, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom.

39- Yaron D.Ed. 1981. Salinity in Irrigation Water Resources, Dekker, New York.

40- Yates S.R. 1986. Disjunctive Kriging: 3. Cokriging, Water Resources Reserch, 22(10): 1371-1376.

41- Zhang X.Y., Sui Y.Y., Zhang X.D., Meng K., and Herbert S.A. 2007. Spatial variability of nutrient properties in black soil of northeast China, Pedosphere, 17: 19-29.