تاثیر آتش سوزی مراتع بر ویژگی های فیزیکی خاک و پارامترهای نفوذ آب با استفاده از آنالیز تجزیه به مولفه های اصلی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

آتش‌سوزی‌های سالانه ممکن است بسیاری از ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک مراتع نیمه استپی را دستخوش تغییر نماید. هدف از این پژوهش، مطالعه تاثیر آتش‌سوزی بر ویژگی های فیزیکی خاک و پارامترهای نفوذ آب در مراتع نیمه استپی کرسنک واقع در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری بود. بدین‌ منظور، مراتعی با تاریخچه‌ی آتش‌سوزی متفاوت که طی سال‌های 1387، 1388 و 1389 به ترتیب 3، 2 و 1 سال پیش از مطالعه حاضر دچار آتش‌سوزی شده بودند، انتخاب گردید. نفوذ آب به خاک در 54 نقطه از منطقه مطالعاتی با استفاده از نفوذسنج مکشی اندازه‌گیری شد. تعداد نمونه‌های خاک برای مطالعات آزمایشگاهی با توجه به دو عمق سطحی (10-0 سانتی‌متر) و زیر سطحی (25-15 سانتی‌متر)، 108 نمونه بود. برای بررسی تفاوت ویژگی های اندازه گیری شده در مناطق سوخته و شاهد از آزمون t مستقل در سطح 5 درصد و آنالیز تجزیه به مولفه های اصلی (PCA) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که ضرایب پایداری خاکدانه‌ها (MWD و GMD) در لایه سطحی 1 و 2 سال پس از آتش‌سوزی در مقایسه با شاهد به صورت معنی دار کاهش یافت. رس قابل پراکنش در آب (WDC) و جرم ویژه ظاهری خاک در لایه سطحی تمامی مناطق سوخته شده در مقایسه با شاهد به صورت معنی دار بیشتر بود. هدایت آبی اشباع (Kfs) در تمامی سال های مورد مطالعه در مناطق تحت تاثیر آتش سوزی مقادیری کمتر از شاهد را نشان داد. به دلیل عمق کم، ظرفیت نگهداری آب کم و خطر بالای فرسایش خاک های مراتع نیمه استپی کرسنک، وقوع آتش سوزی های سالانه اثرات منفی زیادی بر ویژگی های فیزیکی خاک این مناطق به دنبال دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Rangeland Fire on Soil Physical Properties and Water Infiltration Parameters using Principle Component Analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • J. heidary
  • Sh. Ghorbani Dashtaki
  • F. Raiesi
  • Pejman tahmasebi
Shahrekord University
چکیده [English]

Annual fires might change many soil physical properties in semi steppe rangeland.The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of fire on soil physical properties and soil water infiltration parameters in semi-steppe rangeland of Karsanak region in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Therefore, several sites were chosen which were affected by fire at three, two and one years prior to this study (i.e. 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively). Soil water infiltration was measured using tension infiltrometer in 54 points of the study sites. Since the soil samples were taken from to depth (0-10 cm and 15-25 cm) of each site, the numbers of soil samples for laboratory analysis were 108. Independent t-test and principle component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the difference between the measured properties at the burned and control sites. The results showed that aggregates stability coefficients (MWD and GMD) in the surface layer significantly reduced in 1 and 2 years after fire compared with control areas. Water dispersible clay (WDC) and bulk density significantly increased in surface layer of all burned areas compared with control areas. Saturation hydraulic conductivity significantly decreased in burned areas in 1, 2 and 3 years after. The results showed that annual fires occurs have meny negative effects on soil physical properties cause to shallow, low water retention capacity and high risk of erosion in semi steppe rangeland.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fire
  • Hydrophobic soil
  • Soil physical properties
  • Multivariate
  • Semi steppe rangeland
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