ارزیابی تاثیر روش‌های مختلف برآورد ETO در شبیه‌سازی تبخیروتعرق واقعی و زیست‌توده گندم با مدل آکوآکراپ

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• هادی رمضانی اعتدالی ¹
• فاطمه صفری ²

¹ دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین

² گروه علوم و مهندسی آب دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)

10.22067/jsw.2022.76839.1171

چکیده

ارزیابی مدل­های گیاهی در بخش کشاورزی توسط بسیاری از پژوهشگران انجام شده است. تعیین مدل گیاهی مناسب برای برنامه­ریزی و پیش­بینی واکنش گیاهان زراعی در مناطق مختلف ضروری است. این عمل سبب می­شود با صرف هزینه و وقت کمتر بتوان اثر عوامل مختلف را بر عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب گیاهان بررسی کرد. با توجه به اینکه معادله FAO-56 بعنوان روش مرجع برای برآورد ET در مدل AquaCrop استفاده می­شود و به دلیل تعداد ورودی زیاد استفاده از آن دشوار است. روش­های دیگری همچون روش­های دمایی و تشعشعی وجود دارد که با حداقل داده ورودی می‌توان ET را با همان میزان دقت برآورد کرد. با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع، تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی دقت و کارایی مدل AquaCrop در شبیه­سازی تبخیروتعرق و زیست­توده، تحت تأثیر روش­های مختلف دمایی (بلانی-کریدل و هارگریوز-سامانی) و تشعشعی (پریستلی-تیلور، مک­کینک و تورک) برآورد تبخیروتعرق مرجع در پنج ایستگاه (ارومیه، قزوین، رشت، یزد و مشهد) و چهار اقلیم (خشک، نیمه خشک، مرطوب و نیمه مرطوب) مختلف در ایران و برای گیاه گندم انجام شد. طبق نتایج، روش بلانی-کریدل با مقدار R² بیشتر از 5/0، NRMSE در محدوده 10-0 درصد (عالی) و شاخص NS نزدیک به یک (99/0) و روش تورک با مقدار R² بیشتر از 5/0، NRMSE در محدوده 50-10 درصد و شاخص NS برابر با 9/0 روش‌های مناسب برای شبیه­سازی تبخیروتعرق در تمام ایستگاه­ها بودند. در مورد شبیه­سازی زیست­توده، روش­های بلانی-کریدل و هارگریوز-سامانی با مقادیر R² برابر با 9/0، NRMSE در محدوده 10-0 درصد (عالی) و شاخص NS برابر با 99/0 بعنوان روش­های دمایی مناسب و روش­های پریستلی-تیلور، مک­کینک و تورک با آماره­های R² برابر 9/0، NRMSE در محدوده 10-0 درصد (عالی) و شاخص NS برابر با 99/0 بعنوان روش‌‌های تشعشعی مناسب انتخاب شدند. در این پژوهش دقت خوب مدل AquaCrop در شبیه­سازی تبخیروتعرق و زیست­توده با این روش­های برآورد تبخیروتعرق نسبت به سایر روش­ها نشان داده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• بلانی-کریدل
• تبخیروتعرق مرجع
• تورک
• مدل گیاهی
• AquaCrop

20.1001.1.20084757.1402.37.1.1.0

موضوعات

• علوم آب

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Influence of Different ETO Estimation Methods in Simulation of Wheat Actual Evapotranspiration and Biomass by AquaCrop Model

نویسندگان [English]

• H. Ramezani Etedali ¹
• F. Safari ²

¹ Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

² Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Evaluation of plant models in agriculture has been done by many researchers. The purpose of this work is to determine the appropriate plant model for planning and predicting the response of crops in different regions. This action is made it possible to study the effect of various factors on the performance and efficiency of plant water consumption by spending less time and money. Since the most important agricultural product in Iran is wheat, so proper management of wheat fields has an important role in food security and sustainable agriculture in the country. The main source of food for the people in Iran is wheat and its products, and any action to increase the yield of wheat is necessary due to limited water and soil resources. Evapotranspiration is a complex and non-linear process and depends on various climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, radiation, type and stage of plant growth. Therefore, in the present study, by using daily meteorological data of Urmia, Rasht, Qazvin, Mashhad and Yazd stations, the average daily evapotranspiration values based on the results of the FAO-Penman-Monteith method are modeled and the accuracy of the two methods temperature method (Hargreaves-Samani and Blaney-Criddle) and three radiation methods (Priestley-Taylor, Turc and Makkink) were compared with FAO-56 for wheat.
Materials and Methods
The present study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the AquaCrop model in simulation of evapotranspiration and biomass, using different methods for estimation reference evapotranspiration in five stations (Urmia, Qazvin, Rasht, Yazd and Mashhad). Four different climates (arid, semi-arid, humid and semi-humid) were considered in Iran for wheat production. The equations used to estimate the reference evapotranspiration in this study are: Hargreaves-Samani (H.S), Blaney-Criddle (B.C), Priestley-Taylor (P.T), Turc (T) and Makkink (Mak). Then, the results were compared with the data of the mentioned stations for wheat by error statistical criteria including: explanation coefficient (R²), normal root mean square error (NRMSE) and Nash-Sutcliffe index (N.S).
Results and Discussion
The value of the explanation coefficient (R²) of simulation ET and biomass in the Blaney-Criddle method is close to one, which shows a good correlation between the data. The NRMSE and Nash-Sutcliffe values for both parameters and the five stations are in the range of 0-20 and close to one, respectively, which indicates the AquaCrop model's ability to simulate ET and biomass. On the other hand, the value of R² in the Hargreaves-Samani method for biomass close to one, NRMSE in the range of 0-10 and Nash-Sutcliffe index is more than 0.5, which indicates a good simulation. The NRMSE index in the evaluation of ET and biomass wheat is excellent for the Blaney-Criddle method and about Hargreaves-Samani for ET is poor and for the biomass is excellent.
The Turc method with NRMSE in the range of 0-30, explanation coefficient close to or equal to one and a Nash-Sutcliffe index of one or close to one can be used to simulate ET and biomass at all five stations. Also, for biomass simulation, Priestley-Taylor and Makkink methods have acceptable statistical values in all five stations.
Based on the value of explanation coefficient (R²) of estimation ET and biomass wheat for radiation methods, the correlation between the data in all three radiation methods is high. Percentage of NRMSE index of Makkink method for wheat in ET evaluation in Qazvin station is poor category and in Urmia and Rasht is good and in Mashhad and Yazd is moderate and about biomass in all five stations (Qazvin, Rasht, Mashhad, Urmia and Yazd) is excellent category, the error percentage of Priestley-Taylor method for wheat in ET evaluation in Yazd station is good and the rest of the stations is poor, about biomass is excellent in all five stations (Qazvin, Rasht, Mashhad, Urmia and Yazd). The error rate of Turc method for wheat in ET evaluation in Urmia, Rasht and Mashhad stations is good and in Qazvin and Yazd is poor and about biomass is excellent in all five stations (Qazvin, Rasht, Mashhad, Urmia and Yazd).
Conclusion
According to the results obtained using Blaney-Criddle method with R² value close to one, NRMSE in the range of 0-20% (excellent to good) and Nash-Sutcliffe index close to one and Turc method with R² value close to one, NRMSE in the range of 0-10% (excellent) and Nash-Sutcliffe index close to one was showed a good accuracy of AquaCrop model in simulation of evapotranspiration and biomass with these methods of estimation of evapotranspiration compared to other methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• AquaCrop
• Blaney-Criddle
• Plant model
• Reference Evapotranspiration
• Turc

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