ارزیابی پارامترهای هیدرودینامیکی آبخوان با استفاده از اطلاعات آزمون پمپاژ و ژئوالکتریک (مطالعه موردی: آبخوان آبرفتی شمال‌شرق گچساران)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• اکبر خدری ¹
• امیر صابری نصر ²
• نصرالله کلانتری ²

¹ مدیر سد کوثر، شرکت آب منطقه‌ای کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، یاسوج، ایران

² دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.2024.86955.1389

چکیده

پارامترهای هیدرودینامیکی آبخوان اهمیت ویژه‌ای در تمام بررسی‌های هیدروژئولوژیکی دارد و یکی از معضلات مهم در محاسبات هیدروژئولوژیکی و مدیریت آبخوان‌ها عدم دسترسی به داده‌های قابل اطمینان می‌باشد. روش‌های مختلفی برای تخمین و تعیین پارامترهای هیدرودینامیکی آبخوان‌ها وجود دارد که دقیق‌ترین آن‌ها استفاده از داده‌های آزمون پمپاژ است، علاوه بر آن، داده‌های ژئوالکتریکی نیز حائز اهمیت می‌باشد. در این تحقیق از اطلاعات آزمون پمپاژ دو چاه اکتشافی و 86 سونداژ قائم ژئوالکتریکی به روش مقاومت ویژه جهت ارزیابی پارامترهای هیدرودینامیکی آبخوان آبرفتی شمال شرق شهر گچساران استفاده شده است. پارامترهای هیدرودینامیکی آبخوان همچون هدایت هیدرولیکی، ضریب قابلیت انتقال و آبدهی ویژه با استفاده از داده‌های آزمون پمپاژ دو چاه اکتشافی به روش کوپر-ژاکوب و نیومن تعیین شد، سپس همین پارامترهای هیدرودینامیکی با استفاده از داده‌های ژئوالکتریکی (سونداژ الکتریکی قائم) نیز محاسبه و با داده‌های آزمایش پمپاژ مقایسه شدند. پس از بررسی پارامترهای به‌دست‌آمده از آزمون پمپاژ چاه‌های شماره یک و دو به روش نیومن در آبخوان آزاد معلوم گردید که ضریب قابلیت انتقال برای چاه شماره دو (5/665 متر مربع بر روز) که در قسمت شرقی آبخوان قرار دارد مقدار بیشتری است و با روش ژئوالکتریک (5/632 متر مربع بر روز) همخوانی دارد، همچنین مقدار آبدهی ویژه در روش آزمون پمپاژ چاه شماره یک (05/0) مقدار بیشتری است که باز هم روش ژئوالکتریک (05/0) آن را تأیید می‌کند. تمامی نتایج نشان‌دهنده تخمین مطلوب پارامترهای هیدرودینامیکی توسط روش ژئوالکتریکی است و روش آزمون پمپاژ نیز بر آن صحه می‌گذارد؛ لذا از روش ژئوالکتریکی می‌توان در تصمیم‌گیری و برنامه‌ریزی‌های حفاری­های آینده در منطقه استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آزمون پمپاژ
• پارامترهای هیدرودینامیک
• سونداژ قائم ژئوالکتریکی
• گچساران

موضوعات

• هواشناسی کشاورزی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating Aquifer's Hydrodynamic Parameters Using Pumping Tests and Geoelectric Data (Case Study: Alluvial Aquifer in the Northeast of Gachsaran City)

نویسندگان [English]

• A. Khedri ¹
• A. Saberinasr ²
• N. Kalantari ²

¹ Director of Kusar Dam, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Regional Water Authority, Yasuj, Iran

² Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Chamran Univercity of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
 The comprehension of the hydrogeological conditions of the aquifer and the determination of its hydraulic characteristics, such as hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity coefficient, and specific storage, are crucial for the management and preservation of groundwater resources. Various conventional methods, including empirical formulas, laboratory techniques (constant and falling head), tracer tests, field tests (Lugeon, Lefranc, slug, flowmeter, and pumping tests), and groundwater inverse modeling, are employed to establish these characteristics, particularly hydraulic conductivity. Empirical formulas are limited to ideal conditions, and in laboratory methods, the sample must be kept undisturbed. Due to the impracticality of measuring large-scale effective factors, the hydraulic conductivity determined through laboratory methods is also the only representative of the hydraulic conductivity at the sampling point. Tracer studies encounter numerous constraints, such as time, cost, porosity determination, and tracer dispersion in multilayered aquifers. It is also difficult to determine the average hydrodynamic properties of the heterogeneous aquifer based on the data obtained from a specific section of the Lefranc and Slug tests. Consequently, pumping tests are commonly selected for hydraulic parameter estimation. Although costly and time-intensive, these tests provide more precise coefficients. Geophysical methods have been greatly developed during the last two decades and have shown a significant correlation with the hydraulic parameters of the aquifer derived from borehole pumping tests or direct laboratory measurements. This approach minimizes uncertainties in numerical model calibration, improves data coverage, and reduces the time and cost of regional hydrogeological investigations. The conventional approach, known as the electrical resistivity method, is still widely used in global and local research projects for evaluating aquifer hydraulic characteristics (Ige et al., 2018; Arétouyap et al., 2019; Youssef, 2020; Ullah et al., 2020; de Almeida et al., 2021; Lekone et al., 2023). Therefore, this study aims to use the integrated approach of the geophysical method and pumping test as a cost-effective and efficient alternative for estimating the hydraulic parameters of the alluvial aquifer in the northeast of Gachsaran city.
 
Material and Methods
 The research area is an alluvial aquifer located 5 km to the northeast of Gachsaran, between coordinates 50-52 to 51-09 E longitude and 30-15 to 30-28 N latitude. Using 86 vertical electrical soundings, Archie's equations, and the IPI2win software, the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer under investigation were estimated. Subsequently, these characteristics were then compared to the coefficients derived from the data of two pumping test wells, which were calculated using the Aquifer test software and obtained via the Cooper-Jacob and Neuman methods.
 
Results and discussion
 The hydrodynamic coefficients of the aquifer were initially determined using the Cooper-Jacob method in this study. The hydraulic conductivity values for wells one and two are 4.9 m/day and 5.7 m/day, respectively. Correspondingly, the storage coefficient values for wells one and two are 0.015 and 0.021, respectively. Based on the Cooper-Jacob approach, it is deduced that if the storage coefficient values exceed 0.001, the aquifer is classified as unconfined. In this study, the storage coefficient values for both pumping wells suggest that the aquifer is unconfined. Since the vertical flow component and the delayed yield phenomenon should also be taken into account in unconfiend aquifers, the Neuman analytical model has been used in the studied aquifer. The values of specific yield (Sy) for pumping wells one and two, which are related to delayed yield, are 0.05 and 0.04, respectively. These values were calculated by analyzing the first segment of the curve derived from the Neuman logarithmic drawdown-time plot. The storage coefficient values for pumping wells one and two, extracted from the second section of the curve, are 0.015 and 0.021, respectively. Furthermore, the transmissivity value for well number 1 was 323 m²/day, while for well number 2, it was 655.5 m²/day. The vertical electrical sounding (VES) data were subsequently initially analyzed and interpreted using the IPI2win software and the equalization curve method (partial curve matching technique). The coefficients denoted as m and n, indicative of the degree of cementation of the sediments, were determined based on the sedimentary composition prevalent in the area. Archie's equations were employed to calculate the formation factor and porosity parameters. The aquifer exhibits a porosity range of approximately 0.15 in the eastern and southeastern parts (near the outlet of the plain) and around 0.41 in the centeral, northern, and northwestern sections of the area (next to the Asmari Formation). The specific yield (Sy) of the aquifer was calculated using the provided formula:
 
The minimum and maximum specific yield were estimated as 0.006 (in the eastern and southeastern regions) and 0.089 (in the western and northwestern regions of the plain), respectively, with an average value of 0.04. The transmissivity coefficients for the entire aquifer were then calculated based on the fitted relationship between hydraulic conductivity (K) and formation factor (F):
 
The range of transmissivity coefficients varies from a minimum of 63 m²/day (in the western and northwestern sections of the plain) to a maximum of 608.9 m²/day (in the eastern and southeastern areas). The average transmissivity coefficient is calculated as 323.7 m²/day. To ensure the precision of the geoelectric method's coefficients, a comparative analysis was conducted with the hydrodynamic coefficients obtained from the two pumping test wells, as presented in the table below:
 




Well No.


K(m/d)


T(m²/d)


Sy




PT^*


VES^*


PT


VES


PT


VES




1


4.9


3.6


323


237


0.05


0.05




2


5.7


5.5


655.5


632.5


0.04


0.03




^*PT: Pumping Test; VES: Vertical Electrical Sounding




 
Conclusion
 The evaluation and comparison of the hydrodynamic coefficients derived from the aforementioned methods indicate that the geoelectric method coefficients exhibit acceptable agreement with the pumping test coefficients. In other words, the analysis of the pumping test conducted using the Neuman technique in the unconfined aquifer revealed that well number two displayed a greater transmissivity coefficient, while well number one presented a higher specific yield. These findings are confirmed by the geoelectric approach. Consequently, such hybrid approaches, which include simultaneous analysis of geophysical methods (such as VES) and pumping tests will be a great alternative to multiple costly pumping tests for evaluating the hydrodynamic coefficients of an aquifer. Moreover, employing this hybrid technique enables the generation of dense hydrodynamic coefficients in an aquifer for use as inputs in the groundwater model.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Gachsaran
• Hydrodynamic coefficients
• Pumping Test
• Vertical Electrical Soundings

©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

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