بررسی مقایسه‌ای کارایی انرژی دو سامانه آبیاری بارانی در کشت گندم (مطالعه موردی: دشت‌های دهگلان، استان کردستان)

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• پیمان طهماسبی ¹
• فاطمه دالوند ²
• سید ابولفضل حسینی ¹
• بختیار کریمی ³
• هیرش قدرشناس ⁴

¹ علوم و مهندسی آب گرایش آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

² گروه علوم و مهندسی آب گرایش آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران

³ علوم ومهندسی آب، کشاورزی، کردستان و ایران

⁴ علوم و مهندسی آب، گرایش منابع آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، خراسان جنوبی، ایران.

10.22067/jsw.2025.90134.1439

چکیده

تولیدات محصولات کشاورزی به انرژی ورودی و خروجی مزارع بستگی دارد به این خاطر استفاده کارا از منابع انرژی مصرف‌شده در تولید محصولات کشاورزی، یکی از مؤلفه‌های اصلی کشاورزی پایدار به شمار می‌رود. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی الگو انرژی مصرفی محصول گندم در دو سامانه آبیاری بارانی کلاسیک ثابت آبپاش- متحرک (سامانه 1) و ویلموو (سامانه 2)، بوده است. اطلاعات مورد نیاز، شامل کل نهاده‌های ورودی (مصرفی) ساعات کارکرد ماشین‌ها و نیروی انسانی به‌صورت کاملاً تصادفی در 50 مزرعه انتخابی در قالب پرسشنامه از کشاورزان در دشت شهرستان دهگلان در طول فصل زراعی 1400-1401 استخراج شد. در پایان فصل آبی، میزان برق مصرفی مزارع در واحد هکتار از شرکت برق منطقه‌ای شهرستان مذکور، دریافت شد. مقدار کل انرژی‌های ورودی در سامانه (1) و (2) به ترتیب 04/69189 و 97/85943 مگاژول در هکتار محاسبه گردید. مقدار انرژی خروجی در دو سامانه (1) و (2) به ترتیب 110700 و 150100 مگاژول در هکتار به‌دست آمد. بر این اساس مقادیر شاخص کارائی انرژی مصرفی در دو سامانه (1) و (2) به ترتیب 60/1 و 75/1 درصد محاسبه گردید. سهم انرژی مستقیم در دو سامانه (1) و (2) 23/13933 و 73/17678 مگاژول در هکتار و همچنین سهم انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر که یکی از معیارهای پایداری بوم نظامی کشاورزی است، در سامانه (1) و (2) به ترتیب 68/5209 و 58/4929 مگاژول در هکتار برآورد گردید. در کل با توجه به نتایج در دشت‌های شهرستان دهگلان به لحاظ جنبه‌های مصرف انرژی به نظر می‌رسد سامانه آبیاری بارانی کلاسیک ثابت- آبپاش متحرک کاراتر از سامانه آبیاری بارانی ویلموو می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• انرژی ورودی
• سامانه آبیاری
• برق مصرفی
• ویلموو
• عملکرد

موضوعات

• علوم آب

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Analysis of Energy Efficiency in Two Sprinkler Irrigation Systems for Wheat Cultivation (Case Study: Dehgolan Plains, Kurdistan)

نویسندگان [English]

• Peyman Tahmasebi ¹
• Fatima Dalvand ²
• Seyyed Abulfazl Hosseini ¹
• B. Karimi ³
• Hirsch Ghadershenas ⁴

¹ Water Science and Engineering, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.

² Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Bu-aliSina University, Hamadan, Iran

³

⁴ Water Science and Engineering, Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, South Khorasan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Abstract

Agriculture plays a dual role in the energy sector meaning that it acts both as a source of raw material for bioenergy production and as a major consumer of energy, particularly in the processes of planting, cultivation and harvesting, transportation, processing, and storage of agricultural products. Among the numerous challenges facing the agricultural sector, optimizing energy or input consumption is of paramount importance. These key inputs play a crucial role in ensuring food security and economic stability for the country. One of the most important agricultural development programs in the country should be to increase efficiency of energy consumption in the agricultural sector. In Iran, approximately 9.2 million hectares have been equipped with modern irrigation systems (pressure system) which has increased the water productivity index from 0.87 kg/m3 in 2014 to 0.32 kg/m3 in 2014. Accordingly, it is predicted to reach 0.60 kg/m3 hectares until 2025. The Dehgolan Plain, located in the east of Sanandaj city, has an area of 84,982 square kilometers. Groundwater is the only source of water for agriculture in the region. Due to the annual decrease in the groundwater level, energy consumption for water extraction has increased. Common irrigation systems in the region's farms include fixed-mobile sprinkler classic rain irrigation systems, center pivot, and lateral roll. Thus, it seems necessary to evaluate the energy productivity and efficiency indexes in the mentioned plain. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the energy consumption indexes of wheat in farms under fixed-mobile sprinkler classic and Willet rain irrigation systems.

Materials and Methods

This study was conducted in the farms of Dehgelan plains where the energy consumption trend of input factors in two irrigation systems was investigated. All information related to input factors and working hours of machinery, agricultural equipment, and manpower was recorded at the end of the cropping season 1400-1401 through filling out questionnaires. The studied farms in this research were all under dry wheat cultivation and equipped with two rain irrigation systems, system 1 (fixed-mobile sprinkler classic) and system 2 (WillMove irrigation). The required input factors for wheat production in each hectare were determined. The amount of different input factors for conversion to energy standard was calculated using energy coefficients and equivalents. As a result, energy productivity, energy use efficiency, specific energy, and net energy indexes were used to investigate the energy consumption trend of wheat in the two mentioned irrigation systems.

Results and Discussion

As a result, the total input energy for wheat production in systems (1) and (2) was 85943.97 and 69189.04 MJ/ha, respectively and Energy consumption in the Willet rain irrigation system was higher than in the fixed-mobile sprinkler classic rain irrigation system due to the high consumption of electricity and irrigation water. The electricity consumption in both systems accounted for the highest energy consumption. Moreover, the energy productivity and efficiency of the two systems were almost equal as well as the net energy of irrigation system (1) and irrigation system (2) was 41510.96 and 64156.03 MJ/ha, respectively.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the main topic of this study is to evaluate the energy trend in rain irrigation systems in dry wheat farms in Dehgelan plains, Kurdistan province, Iran. In this study, the energy indexes of wheat in smallholder farmers' farms in Dehgelan plain, Kurdistan province, were evaluated. The studied farms were categorized into two groups, system (1) (fixed-mobile sprinkler classic rain irrigation system) and irrigation system (2) (Willet rain irrigation system), the energy source of which was electricity for both systems. At the end of the cropping season, the total amount of input and output factors were collected by filling out questionnaires in person, and to validate the amount of electricity consumption, the amount was obtained from the Dehgelan Electricity Company. The results of the research showed that the energy consumption per unit of wheat production in the Willet irrigation system was higher than in the fixed-mobile sprinkler classic irrigation system. This difference was due to the higher consumption of electricity and irrigation water in the Willet irrigation system and the energy productivity and efficiency indexes were almost equal in both systems. Eventually, the net energy of the fixed-mobile sprinkler classic irrigation system was higher than that of the Willet irrigation system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• input energy
• irrigation system
• consumed electricity
• Wilmov
• performance