نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز، ایران
3 طرح توسعه نیشکر اهواز ایران
چکیده
چرخه‌های رشد فنولوژیکی نیشکر باعث تغییرات در نیازهای غذایی گیاه می شود بنابراین تشخیص این امر مستلزم آگاهی کامل از مراحل رشد گیاه و تجزیه خاک و برگ گیاهان در مراحل رشدی می‌باشد. قابلیت دسترسی عناصر غذایی مورد نیاز گیاه در مراحل رشدی گیاه از نکات کلیدی رشد نرمال گیاهان می‌باشد به همین دلیل مدیریت تغذیه گیاه در دست یابی به عملکرد مطلوب نقش بسزایی دارد. با توجه به این تغییرات، روش تجزیه و تشخیص برگ می‌تواند از محدودیت های ناشی از اختلالات تغذیه ایی گیاهان و مصرف بهینه کودی مورد نیاز در کشت نیشکر جلوگیری کند. روش تشخیص چندگانه عناصر غذایی (CND) یکی از روش های مناسب در تفسیر نتایج تجزیه عناصر غذایی در گیاه، نیازهای عناصر غذایی و وضعیت تعادل تغذیه ای در گیاهان می‌باشد. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی وضعیت تغذیه ای نیشکر با روش تشخیص چندگانه عناصر غذایی در 25 مزرعه نیشکر بازروئی با واریته CP69-1062 و مساحت کل 541 هکتار در کشت و صنعت نیشکر امام خمینی شمال خوزستان و تعیین ترتیب محدودیت عناصر غذایی نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم، منیزیم، مس، آهن، منگنز و روی بود که عملکرد نیشکر را از لحاظ تغذیه‌ای محدود می‌کنند. پایگاه داده شامل غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ نیشکر و عملکرد مزارع است که با جمع آوری نمونه های مرکب برگ نیشکر در شهریور ماه 1402 و انجام آنالیز، همچنین مشخص شدن عملکرد هر مزرعه پس از پایان برداشت، تشکیل شد. با استفاده از روش CND و تعیین اعداد مرجع و براساس تابع توزیع تجمعی واریانس، عملکرد 99 تن در هکتار نیشکر بعنوان عملکرد میانی مشخص شد در نتیجه مزارع نیشکر مورد مطالعه به دو گروه عملکردی مطلوب و نامطلوب تقسیم شدند. سپس شاخص های عناصر غذایی محاسبه و براساس آن اولویت بندی نیاز عناصر غذایی به ترتیب Cu>Fe>Zn>Mg>Mn>Ca>K>P>N مشخص گردید. میانگین شاخص تعادل تغذیه ای (r2) در مزراع گروه عملکردی نامطلوب (62/84) بود که نشان دهنده عدم تعادل تغذیه ای در این مزارع است. بنابراین از روش تشخیص چندگانه عناصر غذاییCND می‌توان برای شناسایی محدودیت‌های تغذیه‌ای که مسئول عدم تعادل تغذیه‌ای هستند و می‌تواند منجر به بهره‌وری پایین نیشکر شود، استفاده کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of nutritional status of sugarcane fields in north of Khuzestan Province using of Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis method/
نویسندگان [English]
- Adel Neisi 1
- mostafa chorom 2
- heidar ghafari 2
- jafar alekasir 3
1 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
2 Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
3 Ahvaz Sugarcane Development Project, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a perennial plant belonging to the cereal family. It is a significant agricultural crop that is widely cultivated in various tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Phenological growth cycles of sugarcane cause changes in the plant's nutritional requirements, so recognizing this requires a complete knowledge of the plant's growth stages and the decomposition of soil and leaves of plants in the growth stages. The availability of nutrients required by the plant during the growth stages of the plant is one of the key points of normal plant growth, therefore, plant nutrition management plays a significant role in achieving optimal performance. Considering these changes, the leaf analysis and diagnosis method can prevent the limitations caused by plant nutritional disorders and the optimal use of fertilizers required in sugarcane cultivation. The multiple nutrient detection (CND) method is one of the appropriate methods in interpreting the results of plant nutrient analysis, nutrient requirements and nutritional balance status in plants. Performing leaf sample analysis is an effective approach to monitor and assess the nutritional status of sugarcane. Given that sugarcane may have a multi-year cycle, this method provides a reliable indicator for assessing the nutritional needs of the crop during its cultivation period. One of the effective methods for assessing nutritional limitations in sugarcane is through the combined nutrient detection (CND) method. This method offers the advantage of quickly providing up-to-date standards and allows the identification of specific nutrients responsible for nutritional imbalances that may lead to reduced productivity. In addition, it allows the detection of limitations due to deficiencies and excesses, which are indicated by negative and positive indices, respectively. The aim of this study is to determine the order of limitation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc by the multiple nutrient detection method CND in sugarcane plant commercial variety CP69-1062 of Ratoon farms. In the northern Khuzestan farms that can produce better sugarcane, they limit themselves in terms of nutrition.
Materials and methods
The present study was conducted in Ratoon sugarcane fields in the Shuaibih area of Imam Khomeini sugarcane cultivation and industry. The objective was to investigate the effect of fertilization management and evaluate the balance of nutrients in the sugarcane plant of the commercial variety CP69-1062 of Ratoon Farms. To this end, 25 farms were selected in the 1402-1403 crop year. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper were determined in the leaves of the sugarcane plants. Once the harvest season had concluded, the yield of each field was calculated. The intermediate yield, obtained using the Khayari method, allowed the farms to be divided into two groups based on whether the yield was favorable or unfavorable. Subsequently, CND reference numbers, CND nutrient index and nutrient balance index (r²) were calculated. The nutrient balance index (r²) was calculated using the Keith-Nielson method, based on the Chi-square statistical distribution function (K²) in Excel software.
Results and Discussion
The results of the cumulative distribution function of the variance of nutrients, with an intermediate yield of 99 tons per hectare, indicate that 52% of the studied ratoon sugarcane farms were in the high yield group and 48% were in the low yield group. After solving the equations of the cumulative function of the third order of the studied nutrients, the nutrient balance index values was found to fall within the range of (2.62 to 20.58) in the optimal performance group, with an average value of 109.28 tons per hectare. The highest value of this index (r2 = 199.95) was observed in the Raton sugarcane field, with a yield of 73.08 tons per hectare. The CND reference numbers of the evaluated nutrients and remaining compounds are as follows: V*N= 2.87, V*P= 1.04, V*K= 2.64, V *Ca =1.95, V*Mg =1.29, V*Fe = -1.75, V*Mn = -3.35, V*Zn = -4.72, V*Cu = -3. 92, and V*Rd = 4.13. The index of CND nutrients showed that copper and iron had the highest negative index among micronutrients in the group of low-yielding ratoon sugarcane fields. The presence of calcareous conditions in the soil of the studied fields can be one of the reasons for this observation.
Conclusion
The CND nutrient balance index (r2) was positive, especially in low-yielding ratoon sugarcane fields, and much higher than its value in high-yielding fields, which indicates nutritional imbalance in these fields. Proper management and balanced use of fertilizers should be considered. It can improve yield and growth cycle of sugarcane.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Nutrient balance index
- yield
- nutritional restriction
- Ratoon sugarcane
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