ارزیابی تاثیر مدیریت آبیاری و مالچ پلاستیکی بر بهره‌وری آب و عملکرد کمی و کیفی بادرنجبویه

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• نیلوفر نجفی ¹
• محمدعلی غلامی ²
• سعید شیوخی سوغانلو ³

¹ گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

² دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، گروه مهندسی آب

³ گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، ساری، ایران

10.22067/jsw.2025.87779.1405

چکیده

امروزه نقش مدیریت آبیاری و استفاده از مالچ‌های پلاستیکی در بستر کشت گیاهان باغی و دارویی با اهداف مختلفی مانند بهبود کیفیت و افزایش عملکرد بسیار حائز اهمیت می‌باشد. از طرفی، اهمیت افزایش عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاهان دارویی با توجه به شرایط کم‌آبی حاضر، در گرو مدیریت آبیاری و شیوه‌های کشت کارآمد می‌باشد. به‌منظور ارزیابی تاثیر مدیریت آبیاری و مالچ پلاستیکی بر بهره وری آب و عملکرد کمی و کیفی بادرنجبویه، آزمایش با آرایش کرت خرد شده بر پایه‌ طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل؛ فاکتور اصلی مدیریت آبیاری (IM) با چهار سطح (IM100، IM80، IM60 و IM40) و فاکتور فرعی مالچ پلاستیکی (PM) با دو سطح (مالچ پلاستیکی سیاه (PM1) و بدون مالچ (PM0)) در 3 تکرار انجام شد. بر پایه یافته‌ها، در شرایط مدیریت آبیاری IM100 و مالچ پلاستیکی سیاه، بیشترین میزان بهره‌وری آب با 5/38 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب و کمترین آن در IM40 و بدون مالچ پلاستیکی با 9/24 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین میزان محتوای نسبی آب برگ گیاه مربوط به شرایط مدیریت آبیاری IM100 با 3/74 درصد بود. نتایج نشان داد که وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، شاخص سطح برگ و تعداد شاخه‌های جانبی بادرنجبویه نسبت به شرایط بدون مالچ، افزایش یافت. بیشترین میزان محتوای فنل و فلاونویید به‌ترتیب با مقادیر 4/13 میلی‌گرم اسید گالیک بر گرم و 6/14 میلی‌گرم کوئرستین بر گرم مربوط به شرایط مدیریت آبیاری IM40 و بدون مالچ پلاستیکی بود. بیشترین درصد اسانس مربوط به شرایط آبیاری IM100 و IM80 به‌ترتیب با 14/1 و 13/1 درصد بود و کمترین میزان آن در شرایط آبیاری IM40 با 53/0 درصد مشاهده شد. به‌طور کلی، با توجه به بحران کمبود منابع آب و چالش کم‌آبی، آبیاری تحت شرایط IM80 و استفاده از مالچ پلاستیکی سیاه در بستر کشت گیاه دارویی بادرنجبویه پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اسانس
• دارویی
• شاخص سطح برگ
• کم‌آبی
• محتوای فنل

موضوعات

• علوم آب

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of irrigation management and plastic mulch effects on water productivity and quantitative and qualitative yield of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.)

نویسندگان [English]

• Niloofar Najafi ¹
• mohammad ali gholami ²
• saeid shiukhy soqanloo ³

¹ Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

² Department of water enginnering, SANRU

³ department of water engineering, Faculty of agricultural engineering, Sari, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract

Introduction: Today, the crisis of water resources is one of the biggest challenges of human societies. Population growth and industrialization have increased the demand for water consumption. The agricultural sector is facing many problems to supply the required water resources. The role of irrigation management and the use of plastic mulches in the horticultural and medicinal plants rise-bed is very important, with various purpose such as improving quality and increasing yield. On the other hand, the importance of increasing the quantitative and qualitative yield of medicinal plants due to the current water scarcity conditions depends on irrigation management and efficient cultivation methods.

Material and Methods: In this research, experiment with split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with experimental treatments including; The main factor of Irrigation Management (IM) with four levels (IM100, IM80, IM60 and IM40) and the sub-factor of Plastic Mulch (PM) with two levels (black plastic mulch (PM1) and no mulch (PM0)) in 3 replications along with growth season 2022-2023 was conducted at Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (SANRU), Iran. The dimensions of the experimental plot 1.80 x 1.20 meters (length and width) were considered. Lemon Balm was planted in rows with a distance of 30 cm and the distance between the rows was 40 cm. Soil moisture was measured by weight method and irrigation was done manually with a sprinkler. In the end, the data obtained from measuring Water Productivity (WP), Relative Water Content (RWC), essential oil content, morphological and biochemical characteristics of Lemon Balm were analyzed using ANOVA of SAS software. The Duncan multiple range post hoc test was employed to compare treatment means.

Result: Based on the findings, the interaction effect of irrigation management and plastic mulch on water productivity was significant. So, the IM100 conditions and PM1, the highest water productivity was observed with 38.5 kg.m-3 and the lowest amount was related to IM40 and PM0 25 kg.m-3. The results showed that the simple effect of IM on the RWC in IM100 was very noticeable and obvious compared to other IMs. The highest (74.3%) RWC was observed in IM100, while the lowest RWC was related to IM40 (40.1%). In PM1, the highest amount of RWC (62.1%) was observed and the lowest amount was related to the PM0 (51.8%). The results showed that vegetative wet and dry weight, Leaf Area Index (LAI) and the number of lateral branches of Lemon Balm also increased under the IMs and the use of PM1 affect compared to the control (PM0). The comparison of the averages showed that, the highest wet and dry weight of roots were observed 217 and 140.8 kg/ha in IM100, respectively. Also, the results showed the highest amount of wet and dry weight of the root was 151.1 and 108.5 kg/ha in PM1, respectively. The results showed that the highest vegetative wet and dry weight was observed 647.2 and 231 kg/ha in IM100, respectively. Based on the findings, the interaction effect of IM and PM on LAI showed that the highest index (2.8) was observed in IM100 and PM1. This was while the lowest value of the LAI was related to IM40 and PM0. The interaction effect of IM and PM on the number of lateral branches indicated that IM100 and the use of black plastic mulch PM1, the highest number of lateral branches (12) was observed. Based on the obtained results, the highest amount of phenol and flavonoids content were related to IM40 and PM0 with 13.4 mg.GA/g and 14.6 mg.QU/g, respectively. While their lowest amount was observed under IM100 and PM1 with 10.2 mg.GA/g and 11.8 mg.QU/g, respectively. Also, the results showed that the highest essential oil content was related to IM100 and IM80 conditions with 1.14% and 1.13 %, respectively, and the lowest was observed in IM40 condition with 0.53%.

Conclusion: The evaluation of the irrigation management and plastic mulch effects on water productivity and quantitative and qualitative yield of Lemon Balm showed that the use of plastic mulch by maintaining soil moisture and improving cultivation conditions, increased the vegetative growth and some qualitative characteristics. In general, due to the crisis of lack of water resources and the challenge of water scarcity, irrigation under IM80 conditions and the use of black plastic mulch in the rise-bed of Lemon Balm are suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Essential oil
• Leaf area index
• Medicinal
• Phenol content
• Water deficit