واکنش شاخص‌های رشدی، فیزیولوژیک و ساکارز واریته‌های مختلف نیشکر به کاربرد سیلیکون در شرایط شوری آب

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علی انصوری سواری
• مجید نبی پور
• معصومه فرزانه

گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.2025.91154.1456

چکیده

شوری یکی از عوامل تنش‌زا است که به‌طور مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم بر رشد و عملکرد گیاهان تأثیر می‌گذارد. به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر سیلیکون بر رشد و عملکرد نیشکر تحت تنش شوری حاصل از زه‌آب زراعت نیشکر، آزمایشی در دو سال‌ زراعی 1401- 1400 و 1402- 1401 به‌صورت گلدانی در مجموعه کشاورزی شرکت کشت و صنعت نیشکر دهخدا در قالب آزمایش اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات و طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی آبیاری در سه سطح شوری 4/1 (شاهد)، 1/4 و 2/ 8 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر، دو واریته CP73-21 و CP69-1062 و زمان کاربرد سیلیکون در چهار سطح شاهد (بدون کاربرد سیلیکون)، یک‌ماه قبل از تنش، همزمان با تنش و یک‌ماه بعد از اعمال تنش شوری به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد، تنش شوری ارتفاع ساقه نیشکر را به‌شدت کاهش داد. با آبیاری در سطح شوری 1/4 و 2/8 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر به‌ترتیب شاخص سبزینگی 3/22 و 27 درصد، رطوبت نسبی برگ 4/6 و 8/11 درصد، نشت الکترولیت 11 و 7/22 درصد، سرعت فتوسنتز 28 و 42 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. همچنین کاهش 1/14 و 5/33 درصدی ساکارز و 5/20 و 8/42 درصدی شکر سفید به‌ترتیب در آبیاری با سطوح شوری 1/4 و 2/8 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر، برای واریته CP69-1062 نسبت به تیمار شاهد بدون تنش مشاهده شد. واریته CP69-1062 در همه صفات رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی توانایی بهتری نسبت به واریته CP73-21 از خود نشان داد. بهترین زمان کاربرد کود سیلیکون یک‌ماه قبل از اعمال تنش بود که سبب افزایش معنی‌دار همه صفات مورد مطالعه در تیمارهای آبیاری شده با سطوح شوری 4/1 و 1/4 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر نسبت به عدم کاربرد سیلیکون گردید. با کاربرد سیلیکون درصدهای ساکارز، خلوص و شکر سفید به‌ترتیب 1، 7/3 و 3 درصد در واریته CP69-1062 افزایش یافت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد استفاده از زه‌آب با شوری بالا از طریق ایجاد تنش یونی و اسمزی سبب کاهش ارتفاع ساقه نیشکر می‌گردد. لذا در سال‌هایی که منابع آبی کاهش پیدا می‌یابد می‌توان با اختلاط زه‌آب‌ها با شوری پایین و آب رودخانه به تولید پایدار نیشکر ادامه داد. همچنین به‌منظور کاهش شرایط تنش شوری می‌توان با تغذیه زودهنگام نیشکر با کود سیلیکون از آسیب‌های تنش کاست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• ارتفاع ساقه
• تنش
• درصد ساکارز
• زه‌آب

موضوعات

• علوم خاک

عنوان مقاله [English]

Growth, Physiological and Sucrose Indicators of Sugarcane Varieties to Silicon Application under Salinity Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

• A. Ansori Savari
• , M. Nabipour
• M. Farzaneh

Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The high water demand of sugarcane in arid and semi-arid regions, combined with declining rainfall, has led to increased use of drainage water as a strategy for sustainable production management. It has been estimated that 20% of all cultivated land and 33% of irrigated agricultural land are affected by high salinity. Salinity stress poses two main threats to plants: ionic toxicity and osmotic stress. Ionic toxicity occurs when there is a significant accumulation of Na⁺ in plant leaves under saline conditions. This disrupts the balance of water and ions, damages organelle structures, inhibits growth, and can ultimately lead to plant death. Some studies have shown that ion toxicity caused by Na⁺ can inflict more irreversible damage on plants than osmotic stress. Silicon application (Si) showed improved photosynthetic efficiency, growth, and yield compared to plants under salt stress. Previous studies have also shown that silicon treatments can increase salinity tolerance in various plants, including wheat, corn, rice, and canola. However, the extent of silicon-mediated benefits under salinity can vary greatly between species and is largely dependent on the plant's capacity for element uptake dictated by its genetic makeup. There is limited information regarding the use of drainage water in sugarcane irrigation management in arid and semi-arid regions, as well as the potential for improving salinity stress through silicon application. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Si on two sugarcane varieties irrigated with salt water.
 
Materials and Methods
The pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under natural light at the agricultural site of Sugarcane Dehkhoda Company in Khuzestan Province, Iran, in 2021-2022. The temperature and humidity percentages are indicated in Figure 1. This study was carried out as split-split plot design based on randomized Block design (RBD). The main plot factors included three levels of salinity: control of 1.4±0.2 dS.m^-1 (S0) from the river water source, salinity stress of 4.1±0.2 dS.m^-1 (S1), and salinity stress of 8.2±0.2 dS.m^-1 (S2) from the drain water source, with a sub-factor of variety treatment (CP73-21 and CP69-1062). The silicon application timing was also considered as a sub-factor, with four levels: Si0, non-silicon application (Control); Si1, one month before salinity stress; Si2, during salinity stress; and Si3, after 30 days of salt stress, silicon was applied. The sugarcane sprouts are grown in polyethylene pots 100 cm in height and 45 cm in width. Each pot contained 100 kg of soil. A total of 216 experimental units were used during the experiment. The experimental pots were filled with a mixture of field soil and sugarcane filter cake in a 3:1 ratio. The results of the chemical analysis of field soil and filter cake are presented in Table 2. The salt stress was applied 113 days after growing cuttings and continued until harvest.
 
Results and Discussion
The results of the first year showed that salt stress significantly reduced the height of the sugarcane stalk. Also, at the salinity stress levels of 4.1 and 8.2 dS/m, the SPAD index decreased by 22.3% and 27%, respectively. Additionally, leaf sheath moisture dropped by 6.4% and 11.8%, electrolyte leakage increased by 11% and 22.7%, and the photosynthesis rate decreased by 28% and 42% compared to the control treatment. The optimal time to apply silicone fertilizer was one month prior to the onset of stress, which resulted in a significant improvement in all studied traits at salinity stress levels of 1.4 dS/m (control) and 4.1 dS/m. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis of sugarcane syrup in the second year revealed a decrease in sucrose percentage (14.1% and 33.5%, respectively) and white sugar content (12.6% and 40.9%, respectively) at salinity stress levels of 4.1 and 8.2 dS/m. The photosynthesis rate of sugarcane leaves decreased by 28.3 to 41.8 percent under salt stress levels of 4.1 and 8.2 dS, respectively. The CP69-1062 variety exhibited a better response compared to the CP73-21 variety, showing relative superiority in all growth and physiological traits studied.
 
Conclusion
 The results also indicated that the optimal time to apply silicon fertilizer to sugarcane plants was one month before the onset of stress, resulting in a significant improvement in all studied traits. The application of silicon fertilizer led to a 1 percent increase in sucrose, 3.7 percent increase in syrup purity, and 3 percent increase in white sugar yield compared to no application.
 
Acknowledgments
 We would like to express our special thanks to the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz for the financial support (Grant number SCU.AA98.336).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Drainage water
• Stem height
• Sucrose percentage
• Stress

©2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

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