آب و خاک
دوماهنامه

تأثیر کاربرد کود میلورم و محلول‌پاشی لیگنوسولفونات روی بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های دانه گیاه ماش سبز (Vigna radiata)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

نیلوفر میرزابابایی
اکبر حسنی
محمد بابااکبری ساری
احمد گلچین

گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.2026.93966.1486
چکیده
افزایش کیفیت دانه‌های غذایی یکی از اهداف کشاورزی پایدار می‌باشد. در این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف کود میلورم و محلول­پاشی لیگنوسولفونات روی بر ویژگی­های رشد، عملکرد، غلظت روی و نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی و همچنین برخی فاکتورهای بیوشیمیایی دانه گیاه ماش (Vigna radiata) رقم پرتو آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل چهار سطح کود میلورم (0، 500، 1000 و 1500 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) و دو سطح محلول­پاشی لیگنوسولفونات روی در دوره گل‌دهی (محلول­پاشی با آب آبیاری به‌عنوان شاهد، محلول­پاشی با غلظت‌های 5/2 و 5 گرم در لیتر لیگنوسولفونات روی) بودند. شاخص‌های رشد و عملکرد شامل ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد ساقه‌‌های فرعی، تعداد غلاف در هر بوته، تعداد دانه در هر غلاف، طول غلاف و محصول دانه اندازه­گیری شدند. همچنین برخی ویژگی­های بیوشیمیایی مانند نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی، فلاون، فلاونوئید کل، فنل کل، غلظت تانن، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم دانه ماش مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد کود میلورم به تنهایی در افزایش تعداد ساقه، طول ساقه اصلی، میزان فلاونوئیدها و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی بذر ماش مؤثرتر از کاربرد تلفیقی کود میلورم و روی بود. همچنین، محلول‌پاشی لیگنوسولفونات روی به تنهایی و همچنین همراه با کود میلورم سبب افزایش غلظت روی (حداکثر 45 درصد) در بذر ماش شد. بیشترین محصول دانه (2/115 گرم در متر مربع) مربوط به تیمار 1500 کیلوگرم کود میلورم و کمترین میزان (1/80 گرم در متر مربع) در تیمار صفر کیلوگرم کود میلورم و محلول­پاشی صفر روی دیده شد. محلول‌پاشی با روی نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی دانه را کاهش داد (حداکثر 21 درصد) و کاربرد کود میلورم تا 500 کیلوگرم این نسبت را افزایش و پس از آن کاهش داد. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش کاربرد هزار کیلوگرم کود میلورم بدون کاربرد روی، در افزایش میزان فلاونوئیدها و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی مؤثرتر بود. با این حال محلول­پاشی روی در افزایش میزان ترکیبات فنلی و میزان تانن مؤثر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تانن
فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی
فلاونوئیدها
فنل کل
نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Using Mealworm Frass and Spraying of Zinc Lignosulfonate on the Yield and Some Properties of Green Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Seeds

نویسندگان English

N. Mirzababaei
A. Hassani
M. Babaakbari Sari
A. Golchin
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
Increasing the quality of food grains is one of the goals of sustainable agriculture. Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is one of the most important legume crops cultivated on more than 6 million hectares worldwide. There are few studies on the effect of mealworm frass application and its effectiveness on plant growth and yield. On the other hand, given the soil and climatic conditions of Iran, its high potential in legume production, and its economic justification, it seems necessary to pay attention to feeding mung beans with organic fertilizers. The cultivation of mung bean is increasingly developing in Iran, and its use for food and medicinal purposes is also increasing. Therefore, considering the possible positive effect of mealworm frass and zinc fertilizer on the growth of this plant, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of these fertilizers on growth, yield indices, and the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc in the seeds.
 
Materials and Methods
In this study, an experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The aim was to investigate the effect of different levels of mealworm frass and zinc lignosulfonate foliar application on growth characteristics, yield, zinc concentration, the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc, and some biochemical factors of mung bean seeds. The treatments included four levels of mealworm frass (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 kg ha-1) and three levels of zinc foliar application during the flowering period (foliar application with irrigation water as a control and foliar application with concentrations of 2.5 and 5 g L-1 of zinc lignosulfonate). Growth and yield indices including plant height, number of secondary stems, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, and seed yield were measured. Also, some biochemical properties such as molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc, flavones, total flavonoids, total phenols, tannin concentration and percentage of antioxidant activity were measured. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of mung bean seeds were also measured.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the simple effect of mealworm frass was significant for all measured traits except the number of secondary stems, pod length, and number of seeds per pod. The simple effect of zinc lignosulfonate was significant for all measured traits except the number of secondary stems, pod length, number of seeds per pod and total phenol concentration, and seed tannin. The interaction effect of mealworm frass and zinc lignosulfonate for all measured traits except pod length and number of seeds per pod was significant. The highest grain yield (115.2 g m-2) was related to the treatment of 1500 kg of mealworm frass and 5 ppt zinc lignosulfonate foliar spray, which was in the same group as the treatment of 1500 kg mealworm frass with 0 and 2.5 g L-1 zinc foliar spray, and the treatment of 1000 kg mealworm frass and 5 g L-1 zinc foliar spray. While the lowest amount (80.1 g m-2) was observed in the control treatment. The highest plant height (37.05 cm) was measured in the treatment of 500 kg mealworm frass with zero zinc application, and the lowest stem length (24.68 cm) was observed in the treatment of 500 kg of mealworm frass with the application of 5 g L-1 zinc. The highest molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc (30.8) was observed in the treatment of 500 kg of mealworm frass and no foliar application of zinc lignosulfonate, which was not significantly different from the treatments of 0 kg of mealworm frass and 0 and 2.5 g L-1 of zinc lignosulfonate application. While the lowest ratio (24.1) was observed in the treatment of 0 kg of mealworm frass and 5 g L-1 zinc lignosulfonate application, which was not significantly different compared to the treatment of 1500 kg of mealworm frass and 2.5 and 5 g L-1 of zinc lignosulfonate application. Foliar application of zinc reduced the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc in the grain (maximum 21%), and application of mealworm frass increased this ratio up to 500 kg and then decreased it. Based on the results of this study, the application of 1000 kg of mealworm frass without zinc application was more effective in increasing the concentration of flavonoids and antioxidant activity. However, zinc foliar application was effective in increasing the concentration of phenolic compounds and tannin. The highest antioxidant activity (72.44%) was observed in the treatment of 1000 kg of mealworm frass without foliar application of zinc, and the lowest (58.18%) was measured in the treatment of 1500 kg of mealworm frass and application of 2.5 g L-1 zinc lignosulfonate, followed by treatments of 500 kg of mealworm frass without foliar application of zinc lignosulfonate and foliar application of 2.5 g L-1 zinc lignosulfonate. Zinc foliar spraying was effective in increasing the concentration of phenolic compounds and tannin content. Foliar application of zinc lignosulfonate increased the zinc and nitrogen content of the grain but had no effect on the phosphorus and potassium concentrations. Application of mealworm frass increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the mung bean grain but simultaneously reduced the zinc concentration.
 
 Conclusion
In general, the results of this study showed that the use of mealworm frass increased mung bean grain yield, and foliar spraying of zinc lignosulfonate increased the grain zinc concentration and reduced the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc. Overall, the use of mealworm frass increased the yield, and the use of zinc lignosulfonate improved the grain quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Antioxidant activity
Flavonoids
Molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc
Tannin
Total phenol

Authors retain the copyright. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
  1. Ali, N.M., Mohd Yusof, H., Yeap, S.K., Ho, W.Y., Beh, B.K., Long, K., & Alitheen, N.B. (2014). Anti‐inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of untreated, germinated, and fermented mung bean aqueous extract. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, (1), 350507.
  2. Alloway, B.J. (2008). Zinc in soils and crop nutrition (2th). Brussels: international zinc association (IZA), 136p.
  3. Álvarez-Fernández, A., Orera, I., Abadía, J., & Abadía, A. (2007). Determination of synthetic ferric chelates used as fertilizers by liquid chromatography-electrospray/mass spectrometry in agricultural matrices. Journal of American Society of Mass Spectrom, 18, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2006.08.018
  4. Azizian-Shermeh, O., Einali A., & Valizadeh, J. (2018). Physiological and biochemical responses of basil (Ocimum basilicum) seedlings to different concentrations of zinc. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 10(2), 35-56. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22108/IJPB.2018.105679.1043
  5. Barakoti, L., & Bains, K. (2007). Effect of household processing on the in vitro bioavailability of iron in mungbean (Vigna radiata). Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 28(1), 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650702800102
  6. Boye, J., Zare, F., & Pletch, A. (2010). Pulse proteins: processing, characterization, functional properties and applications in food and feed. Food Research International, 43(2), 414-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres. 2009.09.003
  7. Benedicto, A., Hernández-Apaolaza, L., Rivas, I., & Lucena, J.J. (2011). Determination of 67Zn distribution in navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) after foliar application of 67Zn–lignosulfonates using isotope pattern deconvolution. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(16), 8829-8838.
  8. Blakstad, J.I., Strimbeck, R., Poveda, J., Bones, A.M., & Kissen, R. (2023). Frass from yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) as plant fertilizer and defense priming agent. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 53, 102862.
  9. Bonnet, M., Camares, O., & Veisseire, P. (2000). Effect of zinc and influence of Acremonium lolli on growth parameters, chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidant enzyme activity of ryegrass. Experimental Botany, 51(346), 945-953. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/51.346.945
  10. Borowiak, K., Gasecka, M., Mleczek, M., Dabrowski, J., Chadzinikolau, T., Magdziak, Z., Golinski, P., Rutkowski, P., & Kozubik, T. (2015). Photosynthetic activity in relation to chlorophylls, carbohydrates, phenolics and growth of a hybrid Salix purpurea × triandra × viminalis 2 at various Zn concentrations. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 37(8), 155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-015-1904-x
  11. Broadhurst, R.B., & Jones, W.T. (1978). Analysis of condensed tannins using acidified vanillin. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 29(9), 788–794. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740290908
  12. Broadley, M.R., White, P.J., Hammond, J.P., Zelko, I., & Lux, A. (2007). Zinc in plants. New Phytologist, 173(4), 677-702. https://doi.org/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.01996.x
  13. Dahiya, P.K., Linnemann, A.R., Van Boekel, M.A.J.S., Khetarpaul, N., Grewal, R.B., & Nout, M.J.R. (2015). Mung bean: Technological and nutritional potential. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 55(5), 670-688. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.671202
  14. Dangles, O. (2012). Antioxidant activity of plant phenols: chemical mechanisms and biological significance. Current Organic Chemistry, 16(6), 692-714. https://doi.org/10.2174/138527212799957995
  15. Di Paola, A., Rulli, M.C., & Santini, M. (2017). Human food vs. animal feed debate. A thorough analysis of environmental footprints. Land Use Policy, 67, 652-659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.06.017
  16. EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP). (2015). Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of lignosulphonate as a feed additive for all animal species. EFSA Journal, 13(7), 4160. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4160
  17. Feiziasl, V., & Valizadeh, Gh. (2004). Effects of phosphorus and zinc fertilizer applications on nutrient concentrations in plant and grain yield in cv. Sardari "Triticum aestivum" under dryland conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 6(3), 223- 235. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/20.1001.1.15625540. 1383.6.3.5.4
  18. Fujita, M., & Hasanuzzaman, M. (2022). Approaches to enhancing antioxidant defense in plants. Antioxidants, 11(5), 925. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050925
  19. Gan, R.Y., Lui, W.Y., Wu, K., Chan, C.L., Dai, S.H., Sui, Z.Q., & Corke, H. (2017). Bioactive compounds and bioactivities of germinated edible seeds and sprouts: An updated review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 59, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.11.010
  20. Gargari, B.P., Mahboob, S., & Razavieh, S.V. (2007). Content of phytic acid and its mole ratio to zinc in flour and breads consumed in Tabriz, Iran. Food Chemistry, 100(3), 1115-1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem. 2005.11.018
  21. Gonzalez, D., Obrador, A., López Valdivia, L.M., & Álvarez, J.M. (2008). Effect of zinc source applied to soils on its availability to navy bean. Soil Science Society of America, 72, 641–649. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj 2007.0099
  22. Haug, W., & Lantzsch, H.J. (1983). Sensitive method for the rapid determination of phytate in cereals and cereal products. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 34(12), 1423-1426. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.274034 1217
  23. Houben, D., Daoulas, G., Faucon, M.P., & Dulaurent, A.M. (2020). Potential use of mealworm frass as a fertilizer: Impact on crop growth and soil properties. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 4659. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61765-x
  24. Houben, D., Daoulas, G., & Dulaurent, A.M.(2021). Assessment of the short-term fertilizer potential of mealworm frass using a pot experiment Front. Sustain Food Syst., 5 Article 714596, https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.714596
  25. Hussain, M., Shahid, M.Z., Mehboob, N., Minhas, W.A., & Akram, M. (2021). Zinc application improves growth, yield and grain zinc concentration of mung bean (Vigna radiata). Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(2), 487-500.
  26. Hussain, T., Tontisirin, K., & Chaowanakarnkit, L. (1983). Protein digestibility of weaning foods prepared from rice-minced meat and rice-mungbean [Vigna radiata] combination in infants using a short term nitrogen balance method. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Japan), 29(4). https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.29.497
  27. Hummel, M., Talsma, E.F., Taleon, V., Londoño, L., Brychkova, G., Gallego, S., & Spillane, C. (2020). Iron, zinc and phytic acid retention of biofortified, low phytic acid, and conventional bean varieties when preparing common household recipes. Nutrients, 12(3), 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030658
  28. Jalilian, J., Khade, A., & Pirzad, A. (2014). Effect of Fe and Zn spraying on some characteristics of mungbean using chemical and organic fertilization. Journal of Crops Improvement, 16(3), 725-732. https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2014.53272
  29. Kalra, Y. (Ed.). (1997). Handbook of reference methods for plant analysis. CRC press.
  30. Kaya, M., Küçükyumuk, Z., & Erdal, I. (2009). Phytase activity, phytic acid, zinc, phosphorus and protein contents in different chickpea genotypes in relation to nitrogen and zinc fertilization. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8, 4508-4513.
  31. Kumar Dahiya, P., Nout, M.J.R., A. van Boekel, M., Khetarpaul, N., Bala Grewal, R., & Linnemann, A. (2014). Nutritional characteristics of mung bean foods. British Food Journal, 116(6), 1031-1046. https://doi.org/10.1108/ BFJ-11-2012-0280
  32. Li, L., Zhao, Z., & Liu, H. (2013). Feasibility of feeding yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) in bioregenerative life support systems as a source of animal protein for humans. Acta Astronautica, 92(1), 103-109. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.03.012
  33. Liyanage, R., Kiramage, C., Visvanathan, R., Jayathilake, C., Weththasinghe, P., Bangamuwage, R., & Vidanarachchi, J. (2018). Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic potential of raw, boiled, and sprouted mung beans (Vigna radiata Wilczek) in rats. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 42(1), e12457.
  34. Malakouti, M.J. (2011). Towards improving the quality of consumed breads in Iran, a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 8(32), 11-21. (In Persian with English abstract). https://fsct.modares.ac.ir/article-7-1738-en.html
  35. Mangal, M., Agarwal, M., & Bhargava, D. (2013). Effect of cadmium and zinc on growth and biochemical parameters of selected vegetables. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2, 106-114. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0087582
  36. Martin-Ortiz, D., Hernandez-Apaolaza, L., & Garate, A. (2009). Efficiency of a NPK fertilizer with adhered zinc lignosulfonate as a zinc source for maize (Zea mays). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(19), 9071-9078.
  37. Mehdiniya Afra, J., & Manavi Amri, SS. (2015). The effects of interaction between the elements phosphorous and zinc are some traits of soybean cultivars of Sari. Iranian Journal of Dynamic Agriculture, 11(4), 309-315. (In Persian with English abstract)
  38. Menichini, F., Tundis, R., Bonesi, M., Loizzo, M.R., Conforti, F., Statti G., Di Cindi, B., Houghton, P.J., & Menichini, F. (2009). The influence of fruit ripening on the phytochemical content and biological activity of Capsicum chinense Habanero. Food Chemistry, 114, 553-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.foodchem.2008.09.086
  39. Motalebifard, R. (2017). Effects of zinc and phosphorus levels on yield, nutrients uptake and zinc recovery and agronomic efficiency in potato. Journal of Water and Soil, 31(3), 886-899. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/JSW.V31I3.54513
  40. Motesharezadeh, B., &Savaghebi, R. (2012).The effect of balanced fertilization on nutrients’ concentration and phytic acid to zinc molar ratio in Iranian red been (Phaseolus calcaratus L.) cultivars at different stages of seed development. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 3(1), 73-84. (In Persian with English abstract). https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20089082.1391.3.1.6.4   
  41. Mubarak, A.E. (2005). Nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of mung bean seeds (Phaseolus aureus) as affected by some home traditional processes. Food Chemistry, 89(4), 489-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.foodchem.2004.01.007
  42. Mukhopadhyay, M.S., Das, A., Subba, P., Bantawa, P., Sarkar, B., Ghosh, P. & Mondal, TK. (2013). Structural, physiological, and biochemical profiling of tea plants under zinc stress. Biologia Plantarum, 57, 474-480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-012-0300-2
  43. Nair, R.M., Yang, R.Y., Easdown, W.J., Thavarajah, D., Thavarajah, P., Hughes, J.D.A., & Keatinge, J.D.H. (2013). Biofortification of mungbean (Vigna radiata) as a whole food to enhance human health. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(8), 1805-1813. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6110
  44. Oke, F., Aslim, B., Ozturk, S., & Altundag, S. (2009). Essential oil composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Satureja cuneifolia Food Chemistry, 112, 874-879. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.foodchem.2008.06.061
  45. Ojo, M.A. (2022). Tannins in foods: nutritional implications and processing effects of hydrothermal techniques on underutilized hard-to-cook legume seeds–a review. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 27(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2022.27.1.14
  46. Pandey, N., Pathak, G.C., & Sharma, C.P. (2006). Zinc is critically required for pollen function and fertilization in lentil. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 20, 89-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.09.006
  47. Popova, M., Bankova, V., Butovska, D., Petkov, V., Nikolova-Damyanova, B., Sabatini, A.G., Marcazzan, G.L., & Bogdanov, S. (2004). Validated methods for the quantification of biologically active constituents of poplar-type propolis. Phytochemistry Analysis, 15, 235-240. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.777
  48. Poveda, J., Jiménez-Gómez, A., Saati-Santamaría, Z., Usategui-Martín, R., Rivas, R., & García-Fraile, P. (2019). Mealworm frass as a potential biofertilizer and abiotic stress tolerance-inductor in plants. Applied Soil Ecology, 142, 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.04.016
  49. Ryan, M.H., McInerney, J.K., Record, I.R., & Angus, J.F. (2008). Zinc bioavailability in wheat grain in relation to phosphorus fertiliser, crop sequence and mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88(7), 1208-1216. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3200
  50. Sánchez Jiménez, S., & Lucena, J.J. (2015). Characterization of zinc fertilizers. adjustment to the European and Spanish regulations (in Spanish). Phytoma,272, 47–52.
  51. Sandberg, A.S. (2002). Bioavailability of minerals in legumes. British Journal of Nutrition, 88(S3), 281-285.
  52. Tajoddin, M.D., Shinde, M., & Lalitha, J. (2011). In vivo reduction the phytic acid content of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) cultivars during germination. Am.-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture Environment Science, 10, 127–132. http://www.idosi.org/aejaes/jaes10(1)/20.pdf
  53. Vassilev, A., Nikolova, A., Koleva, L., & Lidon, F. (2011). Effect of excess zinc on growth and photosynthetic performance of young bean plants. Journal of Phytology, 3, 58-62.
  54. Verardi, A., Sangiorgio, P., Della Mura, B., Moliterni, S., Spagnoletta, A., Dimatteo, S., & Errico, S. (2025). Tenebrio molitor Frass: A cutting-edge biofertilizer for sustainable agriculture and advanced adsorbent precursor for environmental remediation. Agronomy, 15(3), 758. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15030758
  55. Vitosh, M.L., Warncke, D.D., & Lucas, R.E. (1994). Secondary and micronutrients for vegetable and field crops. extension bulletin E-486, Michigan State University Extension Service, 18 p.
  56. Wang, X., Yang, R., Jin, X., Chen, Z., Zhou, Y., & Gu, Z. (2015). Effect of germination and incubation on Zn, Fe, and Ca bioavailability values of soybeans (Glycine max) and mung beans (Vigna radiate L.). Food Science and Biotechnology, 24, 1829-1835. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-015-0239-0
  57. Weaver, C.M., & Kannan, S. (2001). Phytate and mineral bioavailability. In Food phytates(pp. 227-240). CRC Press.
  58. World Health Organization. (1996). Trace elements in human nutrition and health. WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, 105-122.
  59. Wojdylo, A., Oszmianski, J., & Czemerys, R. (2007). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compound in 32 selected herbs. Food Chemistry, 1005: 940-949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.038
  60. Zare Dehabadi, S., & Asrar, Z. (2009). Effect of excess zinc on the concentration of some mineral element and antioxidant responses of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 24(4), 530-540. (In Persian with English abstract)
  61. Zim, J., Aitikkou, A., EL Omari, M.H., EL Malahi, S., Azim, K., Hirich, A., & Oumouloud, A. (2022). A new organic amendment based on insect frass for zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) cultivation. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 16(1), 28.
  62. Zunzunegui, I., Martín-García, J., Santamaría, Ó., & Poveda, J. (2024). Analysis of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) frass as a resource for a sustainable agriculture in the current context of insect farming industry growth. Journal of Cleaner Production, 460, 142608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142608

 

ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
نام را وارد کنید.
نشانی پست الکترونیکی را به درستی وارد کنید.
وابستگی سازمانی را به درستی وارد کنید.
توضیحات را وارد کنید (حداقل 50 حرف)
CAPTCHA Image
شناسه امنیتی را به درستی وارد کنید.

  • تاریخ دریافت 20 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 17 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 20 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 20 بهمن 1404

صفحه اصلی

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

اعضای هیات تحریریه

ارسال مقاله

تماس با ما